AI Education Podcast Dan Bowen and Ray Fleming

It's time to start a new series, so welcome to Series 8!
This episode is the warm up into the series that's going to be focused on Assessment. We'll interview some fascinating people about what's happening in school and university assessment, how we might think differently about assessing students, and what you can be thinking about if you're a teacher.
There's no shownotes, links or anything else for your homework for this episode - just listen and enjoy!
Dan and Ray

The season-ending episode for Series 7, this is the fifteenth in the series that started on 1st November last year with the "Regeneration: Human Centred Educational AI" episode. And it's an unbelievable 87th episode for the podcast (which started in September 2019).
When we come back with Series 8 after a short break for Easter, we're going to take a deeper dive into two specific use cases for AI in Education. The first we'll discuss is Assessment, where there's both a threat and opportunity created by AI. And the second topic is AI Tutors, where there's more of a focus on how we can take advantage of the technology to help improve support for learning for students.
This episode looks at one key news announcement - the EU AI Act - and a dozen new research papers on AI in education.
News
EU AI Act
https://www.europarl.europa.eu/news/en/press-room/20240308IPR19015/artificial-intelligence-act-meps-adopt-landmark-law
The European Parliament approved the AI Act on 13 March and there's some stuff in here that would make good practice guidance. And if you're developing AI solutions for education, and there's a chance that one of your customers or users might be in the EU, then you're going to need to follow these laws (just like GDPR is an EU law, but effectively applies globally if you're actively offering a service to EU residents).
The Act bans some uses of AI that threaten citizen's rights - such as social scoring and biometric identification at mass level (things like untargeted facial scanning of CCTV or internet content, emotion recognition in the workplace or schools, and AI built to manipulate human behaviour) - and for the rest it relies on regulation according to categories. 

High Risk AI systems have to be assessed before being deployed and throughout their lifecycle.
In the High Risk AI category it includes critical infrastructure (like transport and energy), product safety, law enforcement, justice and democratic processes, employment decision making - and Education. So decision making using AI in education needs to do full risk assessments, maintain usage logs, be transparent and accurate - and ensure human oversight. Examples of decision making that would be covered would be things like exam scoring, student recruitment screening, or behaviour management.
General generative AI - like chatgpt or co-pilots - will not be classified as high risk, but they'll still have obligations under the Act to do things like clear labelling for AI generated image, audio and video content ; make sure there's it can't generate illegal content, and also disclose what copyright data was used for training.
But, although general AI may not be classified as high risk, if you then use that to build a high risk system - like an automated exam marker for end-of-school exams, then this will be covered under the high risk category.
All of this is likely to become law by the middle of the year, and by the end of 2024 prohibited AI systems will be banned - and by mid-2025 the rules will start applying for other AI systems.
Research
Another huge month. I spent the weekend reviewing a list of 350 new papers published in the first two weeks of March, on Large Language Models, ChatGPT etc, to find the ones that are really interesting for the podcast

Adapting Large Language Models for Education: Foundational Capabilities, Potentials, and Challenges arXiv:2401.08664
 
A Study on Large Language Models' Limitations in Multiple-Choice Question Answering arXiv:2401.07955
 
Dissecting Bias of ChatGPT in College Major Recommendations arXiv:2401.11699
 
Evaluating Large Language Models in Analysing Classroom Dialogue arXiv:2402.02380 
 
The Future of AI in Education: 13 Things We Can Do to Minimize the Damage https://osf.io/preprints/edarxiv/372vr
 
Scaling the Authoring of AutoTutors with Large Language Models https://arxiv.org/abs/2402.09216
 
Role-Playing Simulation Games using ChatGPT h

This week we talked with Professor Danny Liu and Dr Joanne Hinitt, of The University of Sydney, about the Cogniti AI service that's been created in the university, and how it's being used to support teaching and learning.
Danny is a molecular biologist by training, programmer by night, researcher and academic developer by day, and educator at heart. He works at the confluence of educational technology, student engagement, artificial intelligence, learning analytics, pedagogical research, organisational leadership, and professional development. He is currently a Professor in the Educational Innovation team in the DVC (Education) Portfolio at the University of Sydney.
Here's Danny's academic profile. If you want to follow Danny's future work you can find him on LinkedIn and Twitter Joanne is a Lecturer in Occupational Therapy, and her primary area of interest is working with children and their families who experience difficulties participating in occupations related to going to school. She has extensive clinical experience working within occupational therapy settings, providing services for children and their families. Her particular interest is working collaboratively with teachers in the school setting and she completed her PhD in this area.
Here's Joanne's academic profile Further reading on the topics discussed in the podcast
Cogniti's website is at https://cogniti.ai/
Articles about the topics discussed:
How Sydney educators are building ‘AI doubles’ of themselves to help their students, Dec 2023
AI as an authentic and engaging teaching tool for occupational therapy students, Oct 2023
Meet ‘Mrs S’: a classroom teacher who helps budding occupational therapists hone their skills, Oct 2023
Recorded talks
Using Cogniti to design for Diversity, Feb 2023
 
 
 

It's a News and Research Episode this week 
 
There has been a lot of AI news and AI research that's related to education since our last Rapid Rundown, so we've had to be honest and drop 'rapid' from the title! Despite talking fast, this episode still clocked in just over 40 minutes, and we really can't out what to do - should we talk less, cover less news and research, or just stop worrying about time, and focus instead on making sure we bring you the key things every episode?
 
 
News More than half of UK undergraduates say they use AI to help with essays https://www.theguardian.com/technology/2024/feb/01/more-than-half-uk-undergraduates-ai-essays-artificial-intelligence
This was from a Higher Education Policy Institute of 1,000 students, where they found 53% are using AI to generate assignment material.
1 in 4 are using things like ChatGPT and Bard to suggest topics 1 in 8 are using it to create content And 1 in 20 admit to copying and pasting unedited AI-generated text straight into their assignments Finance worker pays out $25 million after video call with deepfake ‘chief financial officer’ https://www.cnn.com/2024/02/04/asia/deepfake-cfo-scam-hong-kong-intl-hnk/index.html
An HK-based employee of a multinational firm wired out $25M after attending a video call where all employees were deepfaked, including the CFO. He first got an email which was suspicious but then was reassured on the video call with his “coworkers.”
 
NSW Department of Education Launch NSW EduChat https://www.theguardian.com/australia-news/2024/feb/12/the-ai-chat-app-being-trialled-in-nsw-schools-which-makes-students-work-for-the-answers
NSW are rolling out a trial to 16 public schools of a chatbot built on Open AI technology, but without giving students and staff unfettered access to ChatGPT. Unlike ChatGPT, the app has been designed to only respond to questions that relate to schooling and education, via content-filtering and topic restriction. It does not reveal full answers or write essays, instead aiming to encourage critical thinking via guided questions that prompt the student to respond – much like a teacher.
 
The Productivity Commission has thoughts on AI and Education https://www.pc.gov.au/research/completed/making-the-most-of-the-ai-opportunity
The PC released a set of research papers about "Making the most of the AI opportunity", looking at Productivity, Regulation and Data Access.
They do talk about education in two key ways:
"Recent improvements in generative AI are expected to present opportunities for innovation in publicly provided services such as healthcare, education, disability and aged care, which not only account for a significant part of the Australian economy but also traditionally exhibit very low productivity growth" "A challenge for tertiary education institutions will be to keep up to date with technological developments and industry needs. As noted previously by the Commission,  short courses and unaccredited training are often preferred by businesses for developing digital and data skills as they can be more relevant and up to date, as well as more flexible"  
Yes, AI-Assisted Inventions can be inventions News from the US, that may set a precedent for the rest of the world. Patents can be granted for AI-assisted inventions - including prompts, as long as there's significant contribution from the human named on the patent
https://www.federalregister.gov/public-inspection/2024-02623/guidance-inventorship-guidance-on-ai-assisted-inventions
 
Not news, but Ray mentioned his Very British Chat bot. Sadly, you need the paid version of ChatGPT to access it as it's one of the public GPTs, but if you have that you'll find it here: Very British Chat
 
Sora was announced https://www.abc.net.au/news/2024-02-16/ai-video-generator-sora-from-openai-latest-tech-launch/103475830
Although it was the same day that Google announced Gemini 1.5, we led with

This week's episode is our final interview recorded at the AI in Education Conference at Western Sydney University at the end of last year. Over the last few months you have had the chance to hear many different voices and perspectives
Leanne Cameron, is a Senior Lecturer in Education Technologies, from James Cook University in Queensland. Over her career Leanne's worked at a number of Australian universities, focusing on online learning and teacher education, and so has a really solid grasp of the reality - and potential - of education technology.
She explores the use of AI in lesson planning, assessment, and providing feedback to students. Leanne highlights the potential of AI to alleviate administrative burdens and inspire teachers with innovative teaching ideas. 
And we round the episode with Dan and Ray as they reflect on the profound insights shared by Leanne and discuss the future of teacher education.
You can connect with Leanne on LinkedIn here

This week's episode is an absolute bumper edition. We paused our Rapid Rundown of the news and research in AI for the Australian summer holidays - and to bring you more of the recent interviews. So this episode we've got two months to catch up with!
We also started mentioning Ray's AI Workshop in Sydney on 20th February. Three hours of exploring AI through the lens of organisational leaders, and a Design Thinking exercise to cap it off, to help you apply your new knowledge in company with a small group.
Details & tickets here: https://www.innovategpt.com.au/event
And now, all the links to every news article and research we discussed:
News stories The Inside Story of Microsoft’s Partnership with OpenAI https://www.newyorker.com/magazine/2023/12/11/the-inside-story-of-microsofts-partnership-with-openai
All about the dram that unfolded at OpenAI, and Microsoft, from 17th November, when the OpenAI CEO, Sam Altman suddenly got fired. And because it's 10,000 words, I got ChatGPT to write me the one-paragraph summary:
This article offers a gripping look at the unexpected drama that unfolded inside Microsoft, a real tech-world thriller that's as educational as it is enthralling. It's a tale of high-stakes decisions and the unexpected firing of a key figure that nearly upended a crucial partnership in the tech industry. It's an excellent read to understand how big tech companies handle crises and the complexities of partnerships in the fast-paced world of AI
 
MinterEllison sets up own AI Copilot to enhance productivity https://www.itnews.com.au/news/minterellison-sets-up-own-ai-copilot-603200
This is interesting because it's a firm of highly skilled white collar professionals, and the Chief Digital Officer gave some statistics of the productivity changes they'd seen since starting to use Microsoft's co-pilots:
"at least half the group suggests that from using Copilot, they save two to five hours per day," “One-fifth suggest they’re saving at least five hours a day. Nine out of 10 would recommend Copilot to a colleague." “Finally, 89 percent suggest it's intuitive to use, which you never see with the technology, so it's been very easy to drive that level of adoption.” Greg Adler also said “Outside of Copilot, we've also started building our own Gen AI toolsets to improve the productivity of lawyers and consultants.”  
Cheating Fears Over Chatbots Were Overblown, New Research Suggests
https://www.nytimes.com/2023/12/13/technology/chatbot-cheating-schools-students.html Although this is US news, let's celebrate that the New York Times reports that Stanford education researchers have found that AI chatbots have not boosted overall cheating rates in schools. Hurrah!
Maybe the punch is that they said that in their survey, the cheating rate has stayed about the same - at 60-70%
Also interesting in the story is the datapoint that 32% of US teens hadn't heard of ChatGPT. And less than a quarter had heard a lot about it.
 
Game changing use of AI to test the Student Experience. https://www.mlive.com/news/grand-rapids/2024/01/your-classmate-could-be-an-ai-student-at-this-michigan-university.html
Ferris State University is enrolling two 'AI students' into classes (Ann and Fry). They will sit (virtually) alongside the students to attend lectures, take part in discussions and write assignments. as more students take the non-traditional route into and through university. 
 
 "The goal of the AI student experiment is for Ferris State staff to learn what the student experience is like today"
"Researchers will set up computer systems and microphones in Ann and Fry’s classrooms so they can listen to their professor’s lectures and any classroom discussions, Thompson said. At first, Ann and Fry will only be able to observe the class, but the goal is for the AI students to soon be able to speak during classroom discussions and have two-way conversations with their classmates, Thompson