Lex Novus Darmain

Does financial data warrant special attention when it comes to data-sharing policies – particularly with government bodies?

In this episode we’re taking a look at lessons and ongoing debates from North America, paying particular attention to the hearing of a subcommittee of the US House of Representatives Judiciary Committee on 7th March as part of the inquiry into the 6th of January insurrection incident of 2021.



References and Research:


Full hearing - Weaponization of the Federal Government - https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZSiNbZQXVu0&t=9947s&ab_channel=HouseCommitteeontheJudiciary
Federal Constitution of Malaysia (PDF) - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.jac.gov.my/spk/images/stories/10_akta/perlembagaan_persekutuan/federal_constitution.pdf
The police and your basic rights, Malaysian Bar - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/cms/upload_files/document/Red%20Book%20%E2%80%94%20The%20Police%20and%20Your%20Basic%20Rights%20(English).pdf
Criminal Procedure Code - Act 593 - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://ccid.rmp.gov.my/Laws/Act_593_-_Criminal_Procedure_Code_(CPC).pdf
Prevention of Crime Act: Balancing act between public safety and civil liberties, P. Sundramoorthy - https://twentytwo13.my/opinion/prevention-of-crime-act-balancing-act-between-public-safety-and-civil-liberties/#:~:text=POCA%20allows%20the%20police%20to,to%20public%20safety%20and%20security.
Prevention of Crimes Act 1959 (PDF) - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.vertic.org/media/National%20Legislation/Malaysia/MY_Prevention_Crime_Act.pdf
Official Secrets Act 1972 - http://www.commonlii.org/my/legis/consol_act/osa1972156/
Malaysian Anti-Corruption Commission Act 2009 (PDF) - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.sprm.gov.my/admin/files/sprm/assets/pdf/penguatkuasaan/act-694-bi.pdf
Management of Customer Information and Permitted Disclosures BNM - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.bnm.gov.my/documents/20124/938039/PD_Management_of_Customer_Information_MCIPD_apr2023.pdf
Enforcement Agencies' Power of Surveillance: The Need for Governance, Abdul Samad Abdul Ghani,
The government says Ive got my eyes on you, 2022 - https://techwireasia.com/08/2022/the-government-says-i-got-my-eyes-on-you/
Canada Ends Its Freeze on Hundreds of Accounts Tied to Protests - https://www.nytimes.com/2022/02/22/world/americas/canada-protest-finances.html

In this episode, we look briefly at some potential considerations for AI developers and deployers located outside the European Union with the passing of the Union's AI Act last week.

To check out the full text of the Act in its current form please visit chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://data.consilium.europa.eu/doc/...

Credit to Zakhar Dziubenko for intro and outro audio (Drive Breakbeat).

This episode is an opinion piece on why amending the Personal Data Protection Act 2010 may not be the best solution to deal with privacy and data protection concerns in the implementation of Malaysia's Centralized Database Hub (PADU).

#digitization #transparency #dataprotection #PADU #PDPA #lexnovus

Further reading and references:


“Stop Thinking About Consent: It Isn’t Possible and It Isn’t Right” - Harvard Business Review 2018 - https://hbr.org/2018/09/stop-thinking-about-consent-it-isnt-possible-and-it-isnt-right


Press Release | Transparency and Protection of Privacy Crucial for Personal Data Collected through the MySejahtera Application -
https://www.malaysianbar.org.my/article/about-us/president-s-corner/pressstatements/press-release-transparency-and-protection-of-privacy-crucial-for-personal-data-collected-through-the-mysejahtera-application


Australian Privacy Principles quick reference -
https://www.oaic.gov.au/privacy/australian-privacy-principles/australian-privacy-principles-quick-reference

Enactment of Freedom of Information Act -
https://www.pmo.gov.my/2023/09/enactment-of-freedom-of-information-act-approved-in-principle-pm-anwar/



National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST)’s - Guide to Protecting the Confidentiality of Personally Identifiable Information (PII) (Draft) - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.govinfo.gov/content/pkg/GOVPUB-C13-PURL-LPS114014/pdf/GOVPUB-C13-PURL-LPS114014.pdf

UN’s Office of the High Commissioner Guidance Note on a Human Rights-Based Approach to Data in line with the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development -
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://www.ohchr.org/sites/default/files/Documents/Issues/HRIndicators/GuidanceNoteonApproachtoData.pdf

In this episode, we will be looking at the feasibility of using metadata as evidence in Malaysian litigation. In particular, we analyse the case of Sundra Rajoo a/l Nadarajah v Leaderonomics Sdn Bhd & Anor [2023] MLJU 1354 and we consider a number of judgments from the US and Canada.

#legaltech #lexnovus #metadata #litigation #casestudy

Further reading and references:

Sundra Rajoo a/l Nadarajah v Leaderonomics Sdn Bhd & Anor [2023] MLJU 1354

SPV-LS, LLC v. Transamerica Life Ins. Co

North American Medical Corp. v. Axiom Worldwide, Inc.

United States v. Goldstein

Teledyne Instruments, Inc. v. Cairns

https://www.altlaw.co.uk/blog/can-metadata-be-used-as-evidence

https://blog.witness.org/2020/03/making-your-metadata-matter/

https://www.eyewitness.global/Using-metadata

https://www.casefleet.com/blog/metadata-explained

https://www.iadclaw.org/defensecounseljournal/follow-the-audit-trail-the-impact-of-metadata-in-litigation/

https://www.ncbar.org/2022/01/04/exposed-what-lawyers-need-to-know-about-metadata/

https://firstmonday.org/ojs/index.php/fm/article/view/11605/10191

https://www.sal.org.sg/Resources-Tools/Legal-Technology-Vision/Other-Services/eDiscovery-Part-II

https://v1.lawgazette.com.sg/2012-07/468.htm

https://www.readcube.com/articles/10.2139/ssrn.2208973

https://www.paed.uscourts.gov/documents/procedures/The%20Sedona%20Principles.pdf

https://www.jdsupra.com/legalnews/the-litigation-of-metadata-your-devices-7652639/

https://wittliffcutter.com/wittliff-cutter/metadata-is-important-and-discoverable-in-litigation/

https://ilsteam.com/application-metadata-vs-system-metadata-federal-court-examines-the-sedona-principles/

This episode will focus on some of the laws that may affect the use of AI in elections and political campaigning in Malaysia or, while intended to govern these spaces, may be inadequate. The legislation we consider include the Anti Fake News Act 2018, the Penal Code, the Communications and Multimedia Act 1998, The UK GDPR, Singapore's
Protection from Online Falsehoods and Manipulation Act and Malaysia's Elections Offences Act 1959.



Additional Reading and References:




The rebirth of Malaysia’s fake news law – and what the NetzDG has to do with it - https://verfassungsblog.de/malaysia-fake-news/ 


Singapore: ICJ calls on government to repeal or substantially amend the POFMA, two years after it entered into force - https://www.icj.org/singapore-icj-calls-on-government-to-repeal-or-substantially-amend-the-pofma-two-years-after-it-entered-into-force/ 


Defending Freedom of Expression, Asia Centre – Council of Asian Liberals and Democrats - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://asiacentre.org/wp-content/uploads/Defending_Freedom_of_Expression_Fake_News_Laws_in_East_and_Southeast_Asia.pdf 


Minnesota advances deepfakes bill to criminalize people sharing altered sexual, political content - https://apnews.com/article/deepfake-minnesota-pornography-elections-technology-5ef76fc3994b2e437c7595c09a38e848 


Profiling in Political Campaigning - https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/direct-marketing-and-privacy-and-electronic-communications/guidance-for-the-use-of-personal-data-in-political-campaigning-1/profiling-in-political-campaigning/ 


Rights related to automated decision making including profiling - https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/individual-rights/individual-rights/rights-related-to-automated-decision-making-including-profiling/ 


What is the impact of Article 22 of the UK GDPR on fairness? - https://ico.org.uk/for-organisations/uk-gdpr-guidance-and-resources/artificial-intelligence/guidance-on-ai-and-data-protection/how-do-we-ensure-fairness-in-ai/what-is-the-impact-of-article-22-of-the-uk-gdpr-on-fairness/ 


How AI could take over elections – and undermine democracy - https://theconversation.com/how-ai-could-take-over-elections-and-undermine-democracy-206051 


Automated Decision-Making Under the GDPR: Practical Cases from Courts and Data Protection Authorities - https://fpf.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/05/FPF-ADM-Report-R2-singles.pdf 


Towards new rules on transparency and targeting of political advertising - https://www.europarl.europa.eu/RegData/etudes/BRIE/2022/733592/EPRS_BRI(2022)733592_EN.pdf 


Examples of Data Points Used In Profiling, Privacy International - chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://privacyinternational.org/sites/default/files/2018-04/data%20points%20used%20in%20tracking_0.pdf 


Online Political Campaigning During Malaysia’s GE15: Blurred Lines - https://fulcrum.sg/online-political-campaigning-during-malaysias-ge15-blurred-lines/ 


Social Media and On-Line Political Campaigning in Malaysia Sara Chinnasamy, Izyan Roslan, University Technology Mara, Selangor, Malaysia. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=62472 

On 23 July 2023, the Star ran an article titled “the rule of law for AI in elections”. In it, the Bar Council’s technology, cyber and privacy law committee chairman was quoted stating that there should be laws specifically on AI’s use in elections. This episode explores how AI can be used in elections and some of the risks it can pose.



References and Further Reading:



"The rule of law for AI in elections" 23.7.2023, The Star - https://www.thestar.com.my/news/focus/2023/07/23/the-rule-of-law-for-ai-in-elections



"Malaysia mulls over enacting law on AI", 24.3.2023, The Straits Times - https://www.straitstimes.com/asia/se-asia/malaysia-mulls-enacting-law-on-ai#:~:text=PETALING%20JAYA%20%E2%80%93%20The%20Science%2C%20Technology,material%20produced%20by%20such%20apps.



"AI could sway the 2024 elections, campaign pros say — but not like you think", 25.5.2023, Roll Call -

https://rollcall.com/2023/05/25/ai-could-sway-the-2024-elections-campaign-pros-say-but-not-like-you-think/



"A.I.’s Use in Elections Sets Off a Scramble for Guardrails", 25.6.2023, The New York Times -

https://www.nytimes.com/2023/06/25/technology/ai-elections-disinformation-guardrails.html



"Artificial Intelligence Enters the Political Arena", 24.5.2023, Council on Foreign Relations - https://www.cfr.org/blog/artificial-intelligence-enters-political-arena



"AI and Elections – Observations, Analyses and Prospects", 27.1.2022, Heinrich Böll Foundation - https://il.boell.org/en/2022/01/27/ai-and-elections-observations-analyses-and-prospects



"Artificial Intelligence, Authoritarianism and the Future of Political Systems", H. Akin Unver, Center for Economics and Foreign Policy Studies (2018)



Chapter 5, Social Media and Democracy - "Bots and Computational Propoganda: Automation for Communication and Control", Samuel C. Woolley, Cambridge University Press, (2020)



"Algorithmic Elections" Sarah M.L. Bender, Michigan Law Review Vol.121, Issue 3 (2022)



"Policy Paper on Artificial Intelligence's (AI) Impact on Freedom of Expression in Political Campaign and Election", Rabitsch, Rania & Treml, OSCE (2021)



"Artificial Intelligence: Risks to Privacy & Democracy", Manheim & Kaplan, 21 Yale J.L. & Tech. 106 (2019)



Credits:

Intro Music: tobylane - https://pixabay.com/users/tobylane-15168815/

Outro Music: John_Sib - https://pixabay.com/users/john_sib-15655402/