75 episódios

High-yield, educational radiology lectures utilizing a multimodality imaging approach including MRI, CT, ultrasound, radiography, and nuclear medicine. Lectures are presented in both didactic and quiz formats. These video podcasts are designed for radiology residents, fellows, and radiologists, as well as any student or practitioner interested in optimizing patient care through radiology. Visit www.radiologistHQ.com for more info and reference material.

Radiology Lectures | Radquarters Daniel J. Kowal, MD

    • Saúde e fitness
    • 4,7 • 7 avaliações

High-yield, educational radiology lectures utilizing a multimodality imaging approach including MRI, CT, ultrasound, radiography, and nuclear medicine. Lectures are presented in both didactic and quiz formats. These video podcasts are designed for radiology residents, fellows, and radiologists, as well as any student or practitioner interested in optimizing patient care through radiology. Visit www.radiologistHQ.com for more info and reference material.

    • video
    Ultrasound of Parotitis

    Ultrasound of Parotitis

    In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of parotitis in the pediatric population!

    Key teaching points include:



    * Parotitis = Inflammation of the parotid glands

    * Acute parotitis is usually infectious, most commonly viral

    * Mumps is most common viral cause in children, often bilateral

    * Bacterial parotitis can cause suppurative parotitis seen in premature infants and immunosuppressed children

    * Acute parotitis on US: Enlarged, heterogeneous, hyperemic gland(s) +/- lymphadenopathy

    * Since can be bilateral, comparison scanning essential

    * Bacterial parotitis may be complicated by abscess

    * “Pomegranate sign” may be seen in setting of acute parotitis: Uniform anechoic foci scattered throughout the gland

    * Juvenile recurrent parotitis (JRP) = Recurrent inflammatory parotitis in children of unknown etiology

    * JRP is rare, but second most common cause of parotitis in childhood after mumps

    * JRP often begins between age 3-6, typically resolves spontaneously after puberty

    * Usually idiopathic, JRP can be presenting symptom of Sjogren’s syndrome, lymphoma, and underlying immunodeficiency

    * JRP on US: May be unilateral or bilateral, multiple hypoechoic foci of salivary secretions scattered throughout the gland +/- central calcifications, color Doppler can be normal

    * Additional causes of parotitis: Sialolithiasis/obstruction, autoimmune (Sjogren syndrome, chronic sclerosing sialadenitis), infectious (HIV, TB), and sarcoidosis (rare in children).



    To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/

    X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/Radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 6 min
    • video
    Ultrasound of Sublingual Dermoid Cyst

    Ultrasound of Sublingual Dermoid Cyst

    In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of sublingual dermoid cyst and explain floor of mouth anatomy!

    Key teaching points include:



    * The floor of the mouth is a horseshoe-shaped area beneath tongue and in between sides of mandible, inferiorly bounded by mylohyoid muscle, and containing sublingual space (SLS)

    * SLS medial border: Midline genioglossus/geniohyoid muscle complex; SLS inferolateral border: Mylohyoid muscle

    * Anterior margin of hyoglossus muscle projects into posterior SLS

    * Sublingual dermoid cyst is a rare, benign cyst with squamous epithelial lining and contains skin appendages

    * Dermoid and epidermoid cysts are in same family, terminology often used interchangeably, although epidermoid cysts less common and tend to contain fluid contents only

    * Dermoid cyst mean age of presentation late teens to twenties, average age 30

    * Presents as a slowly enlarging neck mass, may cause dysphagia

    * Often round or oval in shape and homogeneously hypoechoic with punctate echogenic foci

    * May have pathognomonic “sack of marbles” appearance

    * Relationship to mylohyoid is key for surgical planning: Intraoral resection for sublingual (above mylohyoid) location, extraoral approach for submental/submandibular (below mylohyoid) location

    * Most cysts are midline

    * DDx: Suprahyoid thyroglossal duct cyst, ranula (simple and diving), abscess and lymphangioma



    To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/

    X (Twitter): https://twitter.com/Radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 8 min
    • video
    Ultrasound of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

    Ultrasound of Carpal Tunnel Syndrome

    In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of carpal tunnel syndrome!

    Key teaching points include:



    * Most common upper extremity entrapment neuropathy. Results from median nerve compression

    * With carpal tunnel syndrome, see hypoechoic enlargement of the median nerve as enters carpal tunnel with flattening of nerve = Notch sign, also volar bowing of flexor retinaculum

    * Median nerve area: Less than 8 mm2 = Normal; 8-12 mm2 = Borderline; greater than 12 mm2 = Abnormal

    * Most accurate to compare nerve area at proximal pronator quadratus muscle and carpal tunnel: Increase of 2 mm2 or more from proximal to distal = 99% sensitive and 100% specific for carpal tunnel syndrome. Measure inside the echogenic epineurium

    * Bifid median nerve: Normal variant in 15% of population, one trunk may take aberrant course through flexor digitorum superficialis musculature, and often associated with persistent median artery between the two trunks

    * Important to recognize persistent median artery pre-operatively because could be damaged during surgery

    * For diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome with bifid median nerve: Combined increase of 4 mm2 or more

    * After carpal tunnel release surgery, median nerve may return to normal diameter or remain enlarged regardless of clinical outcome. Retinaculum may appear thickened or disrupted

    * Carpal tunnel syndrome can be caused by extrinsic compression by a mass, ganglion cyst, or tenosynovitis



    Reference: Klauser AS, Halpern EJ, De Zordo T, et al. Carpal tunnel syndrome assessment with US: value of additional cross-sectional area measurements of the median nerve in patients versus healthy volunteers. Radiology. 2009;250(1):171-177.

    To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/

    Twitter: https://twitter.com/Radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 9 min
    • video
    Ultrasound of Ganglion Cyst & Wrist Anatomy Review

    Ultrasound of Ganglion Cyst & Wrist Anatomy Review

    In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of ganglion cysts while highlighting relevant wrist ultrasound anatomy!

    Key teaching points include:



    * Ganglion cysts are viscous, mucin-filled collections lacking a synovial lining

    * Most commonly occur at hand/wrist = Most common wrist mass

    * Location: Dorsum of wrist (60%), frequently adjacent to scapholunate ligament; volar wrist (20%), often between radial artery and flexor carpi radialis tendon; flexor tendon sheath (10%); associated with DIP joint (10%)

    * Grows out of tissues surrounding joint like a balloon on a stalk. May see a pedicle connecting to joint

    * Usually well-defined and multilocular, can be unilocular

    * Hypoechoic to anechoic with posterior acoustic enhancement

    * Noncompressible: Dorsal joint recess and bursal collections will typically collapse with transducer pressure or wrist movement

    * Typically no vascular flow, but septations may have vascularity. May see pulsation artifact from adjacent radial artery

    * Volar cysts can extend towards median nerve and may cause carpal tunnel syndrome

    * May displace or envelop radial artery

    * Tx: Watchful waiting, percutaneous US-guided aspiration and steroid injection, excision

    * Lister’s tubercle is a useful landmark for dorsal wrist anatomy

    * Relevant dorsal extensor tendons (from radial side to ulnar): Compartment 2 = Extensor carpi radialis longus, extensor carpi radialis brevis, Compartment 3 = Extensor pollicis longus (on ulnar side of Lister’s tubercle), Compartment 4 = Extensor digitorum and extensor indicis

    * Flexor carpi radialis overlies the ventral aspect of the scaphoid bone

    * Pisiform and scaphoid bone form the proximal “twin peaks” of the carpal tunnel at the ventral wrist crease

    * Median nerve diameter increase of 2 mm2 or more = Significant compression



    To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/

    Twitter: https://twitter.com/Radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 12 min
    • video
    Radquarters

    Radquarters

    Radiologist Headquarters has a new name: Radquarters! Same high-yield content, but now with a streamlined name that’s easier to remember.

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://spoti.fi/462r0F2

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/Radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/Radquarters/

    Twitter: https://twitter.com/Radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 44 s
    • video
    Ultrasound of Epididymitis & Orchitis

    Ultrasound of Epididymitis & Orchitis

    In this radiology lecture, we review the ultrasound appearance of acute epididymitis and orchitis!

    Key teaching points include:



    * Epididymitis = Inflammation of epididymis. Usually bacterial, most commonly due to retrograde ascent from bladder or prostate.

    * Causative infectious agent varies based on age: Adults younger than 35: Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis (STDs). Adults older than 35: E. coli & other coliform bacteria.

    * Non-infectious causes of epididymitis: Trauma, repetitive activities such as sports (most common causes in males prior to sexual maturity), torsed appendix testis or appendix epididymis, vasculitis, and medications (amiodarone).

    * Presentation: Gradual onset of scrotal pain, swelling & urinary symptoms. Must exclude testicular torsion (usually more acute onset of pain).

    * Epididymitis US findings: Epididymal enlargement, hyperemia, hypoechogenicity. Hyperemia usually precedes grey scale changes. Infection usually spreads from tail to body and head.

    * 20-30% of epididymitis cases have associated orchitis: Scrotal infection typically starts with epididymis then spreads to testis, scrotal sac, or scrotal wall.

    * Orchitis is less common than and usually secondary to epididymitis. Isolated orchitis uncommon, usually viral (mumps).

    * Orchitis US findings: Testicular enlargement, hyperemia and hypoechogenicity.

    * Complications: Scrotal wall inflammation, complicated hydrocele, pyocele (purulent fluid collection with mass effect), abscess (epididymal, testicular, scrotal wall), testicular ischemia and infarct due to obstructed venous outflow (decreased color Doppler testicular blood flow or reversed testicular diastolic arterial flow).



    To learn more about the Samsung RS85 Prestige ultrasound system, please visit: https://www.bostonimaging.com/rs85-prestige-ultrasound-system-4

    Click the YouTube Community tab or follow on social media for bonus teaching material posted throughout the week!

    Spotify: https://bit.ly/spotify-rhq

    Instagram: https://www.instagram.com/radquarters/

    Facebook: https://www.facebook.com/radquarters/

    Twitter: https://twitter.com/radquarters

    Reddit: https://www.reddit.com/user/radiologistHQ/

    • 7 min

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