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While images of ships, trains and trucks are emblematic of the freight industry, effective management of the supply chain entails many diverse activities. The risks inherent in each supply chain operation are impacted directly and indirectly by an array of roles and activities. One such is the effective management of stockholding and order flow, referred to here as inventory management. Failure to exercise adequate controls can have enormous consequences for security, reputation and contractual liabilities.

Risks to the global supply chain from climate change are inevitably operation dependent and geographically dynamic. In recent years, operations have been impacted by wind microbursts and heavy rainfall, through to droughts and wildfires, all seemingly occurring with increasing frequency, in unexpected locations and with increased ferocity.

As a component of a net zero emissions strategy, many logistics businesses are exploring alternative modes of transport, including less polluting modes such as rail and inland waterways. While different that other modes, security and safety hazards still exist. Thus, proactive risk mitigation to protect against loss, damage and theft is required, particularly during transhipment operations.

Predicted impacts on ports and waterways from climate change present a real risk to local, national and global economies. Disruption is increasingly being seen from extreme weather events, causing damage to infrastructure or equipment, injuries and fatalities. However, account needs to be taken of incremental changes, such as increases in air and water temperatures, rising sea levels and seasonal rainfall intensities.

Access to safe and clean drinking water to sustain life is one of the most basic human needs; exposure to contaminated water can have serious health implications. Ports play an essential role in the provision of clean drinking water to the maritime industry, contributing to the welfare of the crew and the achievement of sustainable development goals.

The phenomenon of defendants facing the prospect of excessively high awards – known as ‘nuclear verdicts’ – against them in litigation, particularly in state courts in the US, appears to be happening with increasing frequency. What can be done to counter them?