The Sacred Flame Mathias Nordvig

This is the second part in the two-part series on rune magic. I cover the period from c. 700 CE to the end of the medieval period, discussing various kinds of magico-religious inscriptions that archaeologists have found. I also discuss the literary evidence a bit, centering on the Eddic poem Sigrdrífumál. Although there's a lot that could be covered from the period 1600-1800, I skip that period to talk about the origin of contemporary rune magic in the late 19th century. We learn about the Austrian rune occultist Guido List and what his rune "revivalism" was all about. We also learn about some of the people he associated with and how some of them went on to influence the Nazi movement's use of runes and occultism. Finally, we learn a bit about how List's type of rune magic has become the dominant strain in contemporary rune magic.

SHOW NOTES
Amazon.com: Hitler's Monsters: A Supernatural History of the Third Reich: 9780300189452: Kurlander, Eric: Books
The Occult Roots of Nazism: Secret Aryan Cults and Their Influence on Nazi Ideology: Goodrick-Clarke, Nicholas: 9780814730607: Amazon.com: Books

This episode is the first in a series about rune magic. There is a lot to cover on that topic, so I have decided to split it up in two parts. In this episode I cover the earliest inscriptions from c. 0 CE to the beginning of the Viking Age. I provide a rundown of the invention and development of the runic writing system and give an overview of select runic inscriptions that can be understood as magical or religious. Contemporary rune magic is far removed from what it was in ancient times. There is no evidence that people practiced runic meditation or divination with runes in the way that popular books on the topic suggest today. Most contemporary scholars will reject the idea that runes were used for magic at all, but that is usually because they are unfamiliar with the surviving inscriptions that clearly have magico-religious content. There are good reasons that the idea that runes could have been used for magic has fallen out of favor. I explain why that is the case in this episode, and I dig into what rune magic seems to have been about in the early period based on the available evidence.

SHOW NOTES:
Kragehul I - Wikipedia
Kylver Stone - Wikipedia
Old English rune poem - Wikipedia
Gummarp Runestone - Wikipedia
Stentoften Runestone - Wikipedia
Vimose inscriptions - Wikipedia
Svingerud Runestone - Wikipedia
Vadstena bracteate - Wikipedia
Rune poem - Wikipedia
Abecedarium Nordmannicum - Wikipedia
Codex Runicus - Wikipedia
Rabanus Maurus - Wikipedia
Gothic alphabet - Wikipedia
Ring of Pietroassa - Wikipedia
Björketorp Runestone - Wikipedia
Golden Horns of Gallehus - Wikipedia
Einang stone - Wikipedia
Gothic runic inscriptions - Wikipedia
Engraving on 2,000-year-old knife thought to be oldest runes in Denmark | Archaeology | The Guardian
Jelling stones - Wikipedia
Rock Carvings in Tanum - Wikipedia
Mars Halamardus – Wikipedia (in German)
Greek alphabet - Wikipedia
Phoenician alphabet - Wikipedia

In this episode I discuss what ritual and magic are. We begin with the story about how Thorhallr procured a whale for Thorfinn Karlsefni's starving crew in Vinland, and what it says about attitudes to ritual and magic in the Icelandic sagas. Then we take a tour through medieval opinions on non-Christian rituals and magic that have influenced Nordic literature. After that, I go deep into the development of concepts around magic in the early modern period, the rise of alchemy, Hermeticism, and Solomonic magic. All this leads to some thoughts on the western esoteric tradition and some thoughts on how modern heathens think about ritual and magic today, not least my own ideas and attitudes to the subject.

This episode begins with the story about Gefion who created the island of Sjalland. I examine the story of her meeting with Gylfi in the form that it is represented by Snorri Sturluson in Edda. After that, I take a dive into the witch craze of the early modern period and discuss its impact on European-western societies, what role it actually played in social life, and how a goddess of the meadows was turned into a witch. I extrapolate some ideas from that, which hint at how we've created a society of the spectacle, a society where human life is framed, encased, and reduced to representations in the tiny boxes that we keep in our pockets, our phones.

In episode 8, I tackled sex and sexuality in a broad perspective. I would be remiss not to follow that up with a deep dive into what we today call queer sexualities and categorize with the LGBTQ+ acronym. Are there sources from the medieval period, the Viking Age, and before that, which can help illuminate these subjects? Some scholars and practitioners of Nordic paganisms suggest there are -but what does it look like with a critical eye toward the pre-Christian context; a period that did not (at least as far as we know) have a language for expressing queer sexuality like we do today? I'll unpack the stories that are often used as examples of pre-Christian attitudes to queer sexuality and take a deep dive into them. After that, I'll offer some additional thoughts on how we should approach the stories, the material culture from the Viking Age, and our current situation. 

Please NOTE: if you're looking to have biases confirmed in this episode, please understand that this is not how a critical perspective on our story-world functions. I do hope that you'll find inspiration from what I say. As always, I expect you as listeners to form your own opinions and interpret what I say as recommendations for further development of your own thoughts!

SHOW NOTES
Exposure to continuous or fluid theories of sexual orientation leads some heterosexuals to embrace less-exclusive heterosexual orientations (nature.com)
How Copenhagen Became The "Gay Village Of Northern Europe" - Jetset Times
Valkyrie fra Hårby - Birka female Viking warrior - Wikipedia
Viking warrior women? Reassessing Birka chamber grave Bj.581 | Antiquity | Cambridge Core
A female Viking warrior confirmed by genomics - PMC (nih.gov)

In this episode, I'm discussing sex and sexuality in the Viking Age --and far, far beyond. I departure from the story about Freyja sleeping with four dwarfs in exchange for the necklace Brisingamen. I discuss other, related stories, not least Ari Thorgilson's report that Hjalti Skeggjason was outlawed for calling Freyja a "bitch" in a poem that he composed in the year 999. From there, I consider other reports on Scandinavians' sexlives in the Viking Age, and what they mean for the general picture we get of pre-Christian attitudes to sex and sexuality. I relate this to factoids about human evolution, our physical configuration, and our inner hormonal processes associated with sexual activities. From there, I take it to a global level and discuss some aspects of other cultures' sexual practices. If you listen to this episode and feel that I don't give you a straight answer to what we can take from this knowledge of history in terms of applying it to our lives today, you'll have gotten the point: it's not for me to decide or even suggest how you should relate to this subject.