Cardio| Systolic Heart Murmurs Step 1 Basics (USMLE)

1.06 Systolic Heart Murmurs
Cardiovascular system review for the USMLE STEP 1 Exam
Heart murmurs are caused by turbulent blood flow in the heart
There are 4 different types of systolic murmurs: ventricular septal defect (VSD), patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), aortic stenosis, and mitral or tricuspid regurgitation
PDA produces a constant, machine-like murmur
VSD produces a harsh holosystolic murmur
Aortic stenosis produces a crescendo-decrescendo systolic ejection murmur
Mitral and tricuspid regurgitation produce a holosystolic high pitched "blowing" murmur
Mitral valve prolapse produces a mid-systolic click followed by a late systolic murmur
Aortic regurgitation produces a decrescendo diastolic murmur
Mitral stenosis produces a rumbling diastolic murmur