China Daily Podcast China Daily

A team of Chinese scientists has made a groundbreaking discovery: molecular water locked within a mineral in lunar soil samples collected by the Chang'e 5 mission.
Remote sensing data had indicated signs of water molecules on the lunar surface in recent years, particularly in the polar regions, known as the permanently shadowed region. However, molecular water has not been found in returned lunar samples.
"Due to the high temperatures and vacuum environment on the moon, the existence of liquid water is not possible, so it was previously unclear how water molecules could exist on the moon," said Jin Shifeng, a member of the research team and an associate researcher at the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Institute of Physics.
The research utilized lunar soil samples collected by the Chang'e 5 lunar probe in 2020.
China's first unmanned lunar sample return mission saw the Chang'e 5 probe collect basalt lunar soil samples from a high-latitude region of the moon, providing new opportunities for the study of lunar water.
Experts from the institute's Beijing National Laboratory for Condensed Matter Physics, Beijing University of Science and Technology, Tianjin University, CAS' Qinghai Salt Lake Institute and Zhengzhou University conducted the study. They determined that lunar water exists in a hydrated mineral known as ULM-1.
The research findings were published online in the academic journal Nature Astronomy on July 16.
According to the molecular formula, the mineral contains six crystalline water molecules, with the water molecules accounting for as much as 41 percent of the sample's mass.
About five years ago, a similar mineral was discovered in a volcano in Russia, providing new clues to the source of water on the moon.
"In other words, this mineral may have been formed by volcanic eruptions on the moon," Jin said.
"This indicates that lunar volcanic gases contain a significant amount of water. Thermodynamic calculations have revealed that the water content in lunar volcanoes is comparable to the driest volcanoes on Earth."
Jin said the crystalline water discovered in the lunar soil is relatively stable in the moon's vacuum environment.
The presence of water on the moon is crucial for lunar evolution studies and resource development. Around 1970, the absence of water on the moon became a basic assumption because no water-containing minerals were found in the Apollo lunar soil samples.
"This may be due to differences in sampling latitude," Jin said. "At the Chang'e 5 sampling site, the lunar surface temperature does not exceed 80 C.
"This also indicates that the distribution of molecular water on the lunar surface is uneven. However, because this crystal is relatively stable, it could potentially exist in vast regions of the moon."
Reporter: Yan Dongjie

With the curtain yet to be raised on the Paris 2024 Olympic Games, Chinese culture has captivated Paris with the launch of the China House, which highlights for the world the country's rich history and modern achievements.
在巴黎奥运会即将开幕之际，“中国之家”于7月24日在巴黎所罗门罗斯柴尔德公馆开门迎宾。
Visitors to the China House can try some of the Olympic sports' earliest forms, such as pitch-pot, which tests participants' accuracy as much as modern archery by requiring them to throw arrows into a distant pot, and cuju, the ancient ball-kicking game that some consider to be a prototype of soccer.
不少参观“中国之家”的游客能够在此尝试最早的奥林匹克运动，如投壶，即要求参与者将箭射入远处的壶中，从而考验参与者投掷的准确性；蹴鞠，古代一种踢球游戏，被认为是足球的原型。
The China House, a pavilion set up at the Hotel Salomon de Rothschild in Paris, opened to visitors on Wednesday and has captured the attention of Parisians and others with plenty of galleries, exhibits, demonstration events and social-networking activities on the sidelines of the Summer Games.
7月24日，“中国之家”正式向游客开放，吸引了不少巴黎游客和其他地区游客的注意，在本次巴黎奥运会期间，游客们可参观中国特色画廊、展区、智慧体育互动装置及和现代科技社交活动。
China's profound history, tradition and culture in sports participation, dating back thousands of years, as well as sports exchanges between China and the Games' host, France, are among highlights of this year's pavilion.
中国的体育方面有着深厚的历史、传统和文化，可追溯到几千年前。本次中国与法国在此次巴黎2024奥运会的体育交流，成为今年“中国之家”的亮点。
The launch of the house, a routine effort by the Chinese Olympic Committee since the first "China hut" was set up during the 2004 Athens Olympics, will take advantage of Olympics exposure to promote Chinese culture and friendship with the rest of the world, according to the COC.
据中国奥委会称，自2004年雅典奥运会期间创建第一个“北京小屋”以来，中国奥委会一直致力于将奥运会特色与推广中国文化和与世界各地友谊结合起来。
"The China House has opened a window to our country's rich history, traditional sports culture, modern achievements and friendly exchanges with the whole world over the past 20 years," Yu Jianyong, a deputy secretary-general of the COC, said on Wednesday.
"This year in particular, we put a series of recent exchanges between China and France in the areas of sports and cultural development on display at the facility, to celebrate the 60th anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between our two countries and to hail the joint efforts between China and France to promote the Olympic Movement," said Yu.
 “‘中国之家’是展示中国体育发展成就和中华优秀体育文化的平台，也是促进中外友好交流、推动文明互鉴的桥梁。”国家体育总局体育器材装备中心主任、中国奥委会副秘书长于建勇说，“巴黎‘中国之家’将会和法国社会各界人士进行交流互动，并组织中法运动员在这里进行一系列活动，推动中法友谊继续迈进。”
Visitors to the China House can watch a giant background screen featuring animated films that vividly depict activities by ancient Chinese such as boat diving, archery and wrestling.
参观“中国之家”的游客可以在LED巨幕上观看中国特色的动画影片，生动地描绘了中国古代的体育活动，如划船、中国射道和角力（摔跤）。
Exhibitions featuring artifacts, scroll painting and sculptures document the Chinese people's sports participation through the dynasties, while the country's prowess at modern Olympic Games is demonstrated with m

Renmin University of China has fired a professor who allegedly sexually harassed a doctoral student, the university announced on Monday night after concluding an investigation into allegations made public over the weekend.
7月22日晚，中国人民大学通报教授被曝性骚扰，将解除聘用关系。
On Sunday, a video surfaced online showing a doctoral candidate in literature publicly accusing her mentor of sexual harassment and coercive molestation.
7月21日，一则视频在网上流传，中国人民大学文学院一名博士生实名举报其导师胁迫性骚扰。
The student, who identified herself as Wang Di, alleged that her mentor, a professor at the university's School of Liberal Arts, and the former Party chief and vice-dean of the school, demanded a sexual relationship.
这名叫王迪的博士在中国人民大学在读期间，被文学院原党委书记兼副院长、博导王某某性骚扰并强制猥亵。
When she refused, he allegedly harassed her for the next two years and threatened to prevent her from graduating.
她进一步透露，在她拒绝了导师的不正当要求后，其导师不依不饶，在过去两年多的时间里利用自己手中权力多次对她进行打压报复，并警告她可能无法顺利毕业。
Wang said she had audio recordings and chat logs to substantiate her allegations and was seeking legal punishment for the professor.
王迪表示她有录音和聊天记录来支持她的指控，并寻求对王贵元的法律惩罚。
In a 59-minute video posted on the Sina Weibo micro blog platform, Wang wore a mask as she detailed the allegations of abuse and shared screenshots of messages and original audio clips as evidence.
在新浪微博上发布的59分钟视频中，王迪戴着口罩详细描述了虐待的指控，并分享了消息截图和原始音频片段作为证据。
The post has garnered more than 2 million likes, with many netizens calling for rectification of the academic environment.
该帖子获得了超过200万的点赞，许多网友呼吁整治学术环境。
The Beijing-based university said on Monday morning it established a working group on Sunday evening and conducted an overnight investigation, emphasizing its zero-tolerance policy toward any teacher's unethical misconduct.
7月22日上午，中国人民大学表示，已于21日晚成立了工作组，并进行通宵调查，强调其对任何教师的不道德行为持零容忍政策。
On Monday night, the university said the investigation had confirmed the allegations were true.
7月22日，中国人民大学表示调查已证实举报属实。
The professor was found to have severely betrayed the fundamental mission of teaching and nurturing students, and gravely violated university regulations and professional ethics, the university said in a post on Weibo.
中国人民大学在微博发布的帖子中表示高度重视师德师风建设，严格坚持师德师风第一标准。该导师严重背弃教书育人的初心使命，严重违反党纪校规和教师职业道德。
The university decided to revoke his professorship, cancel his qualification as a doctoral supervisor and terminate his teaching position.
学校决定撤销其中国人民大学教师岗位任职资格，解除聘用关系。
The professor has also been expelled from the Communist Party of China. The university said it will ask the higher education administrative department to revoke his teaching credentials and will report the case to relevant authorities, according to the law.
经研究决定，给予王某某开除党籍处分，撤销教授职称。同时，报请上级教育行政部门撤销其教师资格，并将问题线索依法反映给有关机关。
On Monday, the Haidian District Branch of the Public Security Bureau of Beijing also announced it had initiated an investigation of the case.
7月22日，北京市公安局海淀区分局宣布已依法介入调查。
Renmin University o

China on Monday refrained from commenting on US President Joe Biden's decision to exit the presidential race.
7月22日，外交部在例行记者会上就美国现任总统拜登宣布退出2024年美国总统竞选一事回应：不作评论。
"The US election is an internal affair of the US", said Foreign Ministry spokeswoman Mao Ning.
"No comment," Mao replied when asked about China's reaction to Biden's exit.
当被问及中国对于拜登推出总统选举的回应时，外交部发言人毛宁表示：“美国大选是美国内政，我们不作评论。”
After nearly a month of mounting pressure from his own party, Biden dropped his reelection bid on Sunday and endorsed Vice-President Kamala Harris to head the Democratic ticket in November.
在民主党内部的强大压力下，美国现任总统拜登7月21日宣布退出2024年总统竞选，并支持提名副总统哈里斯为民主党总统候选人。
"It has been the greatest honor of my life to serve as your president," he wrote in a letter posted to social media. "And while it has been my intention to seek re-election, I believe it is in the best interest of my party and the country for me to stand down and focus entirely on fulfilling my duties as president for the remainder of my term."
拜登当天在社交媒体上发表声明称，他原本打算寻求连任，但为了民主党和国家的最佳利益，他决定退出竞选，并专注于履行总统剩余任期内的职责。
Biden's endorsement for Harris came in a subsequent post on X.
拜登随后又发文表示将全力支持哈里斯为民主党总统候选人。
"Today I want to offer my full support and endorsement for Kamala to be the nominee of our party this year," Biden said in a post to X on Sunday. "Democrats — it's time to come together and beat Trump."
7月21日，拜登在社交媒体X上发文称：“今天，我想全力支持和认可卡玛拉成为民主党总统候选人。民主党——是时候团结起来打败特朗普了。”
"I will do everything in my power to unite the Democratic Party — and our nation — to defeat Donald Trump," said Harris, adding that she was honored to have Biden's endorsement and wrote on X that "my intention is to earn and win this nomination".
“我很荣幸能够得到总统的支持，我的目的是赢得这项提名。”哈里斯表示，“我将尽我所能团结民主党，团结我们的国家，击败特朗普和他那极端的2025计划议程。”
The Democratic candidate, who will be nominated at the Democratic National Convention, which starts on Aug 19 in Chicago, will face Trump, 78, the Republican nominee and former president.
这位民主党候选人将在8月19日于芝加哥举行的民主党全国代表大会上获得提名，她将面对的是78岁的共和党候选人、美国前总统特朗普。
Biden, 81, whose term ends on Jan 20, 2025, said he will address the nation about his decision later this week. He is the first sitting US president to not seek reelection since Lyndon B. Johnson in March 1968.
81岁的拜登将于2025年1月20日结束美国总统任期，他表示将在本周就他的决定向全美国发表讲话。美国历史上曾有多位在任总统放弃连任，上一位是1968年3月的的林登·约翰逊（Lyndon B. Johnson）。
"Should she win the nomination, the nation will watch a multiracial woman compete in a presidential general election for the first time in history," Debbie Walsh, director at the Center for American Women & Politics, said of Harris, 59, who is of Jamaican and Asian Indian descent.
哈里斯有着亚裔及非裔血统。美国妇女与政治中心主任黛比·沃尔什（Debbie Walsh）谈到59岁的哈里斯时说：“如果成功获得提名，她将成为美国历史上第一位融合血统的女性参加总统大选。”
Harris previously served as a US senator from California and as California attorney general.
哈里斯此前曾担任过此前她曾担任

Editor's note: The third plenary session of the 20th Central Committee of the Communist Party of China has unveiled a road map for further comprehensively deepening reform in various sectors to advance Chinese modernization in the new era. China Daily is running a series of stories focused on specific reform measures and the implementation of the measures in different sectors and localities.
编者的话：中国共产党第二十届三中全会公布了对进一步全面深化改革作出系统谋划和部署。《中国日报》将重点关注具体改革措施及这些措施在不同部门、地区的实施情况。
China cut key interest rate benchmarks on Monday, demonstrating policymakers' strong commitment to strengthening macroeconomic policy support and putting into effect the measures outlined last week at a key meeting of the central leadership of the Communist Party of China, economists and analysts said.
经济学家、分析人士表示，我国7月22日将多个关键利率下调，展现出货币政策呵护经济回升的决心，是对二十届三中全会“坚定不移实现全年经济社会发展目标”要求的积极响应。
With the top-level meeting having mapped out reforms to bolster financial support for the real economy, they said China will likely take more action soon to enhance the effectiveness of interest rate adjustments and strengthen the capital market's ability to serve innovative enterprises as well as investors.
通过我国高层政治制定，目前已加强对实体经济支持的改革方案，将提高利率调整的有效性，并加强资本市场为创新企业和投资者服务的能力。
On Monday, the People's Bank of China, the nation's central bank, lowered the interest rate on seven-day reverse repurchase agreements or reverse repos — which serves as the short-term policy benchmark of interest rates — from 1.8 percent to 1.7 percent. The seven-day reverse repo is a central bank tool to inject liquidity.
根据央行7月22日公告，公开市场7天期逆回购操作采用固定利率、数量招标，操作利率由1.8%调整为1.7%。
Loan prime rates, China's market-based lending rate benchmarks, also dropped on Monday. The one-year LPR came in at 3.35 percent, after staying at 3.45 percent for 11 months. The over-five-year LPR, on which lenders base their mortgage rates, was lowered by 10 basis points to 3.85 percent.
贷款市场报价利率也有所下降。中国人民银行7月22日授权全国银行间同业拆借中心公布，1年期LPR下调为3.35%，5年期以上LPR下调为3.85%。
Analysts said the move will help boost investment and consumption by easing financing costs, as basic calculations indicate that Monday's cut can save about 55 yuan ($7.55) in monthly payments for a new homebuyer taking out a 30-year, 1-million-yuan mortgage and thus help improve homebuying demand.
分析师表示，此举将有助于通过降低融资成本来提振投资和消费。此次降息后购房者月供大约可减少55元，帮助改善购房需求。
The cut aligned with the call from the third plenary session of the 20th CPC Central Committee, which concluded on Thursday, to remain firmly committed to accomplishing the goals for this year's economic and social development.
此次减息呼应了7月18日结束的中共二十届三中全会，即努力实现全年经济社会发展目标。
To achieve this year's fiscal spending target, Zhang Bin, a senior researcher at China Finance 40 Forum, a top think tank, said that China needs to issue additional government bonds in the second half beyond its initial plan, either as central or local government bonds.
CF40资深研究员、中国社科院世界经济与政治研究所副所长张斌表示，广义财政政策应该更加积极一些，下半年需要额外新增发债才能实现目标。
This is because local governments' difficulties in generating adequate revenue have impeded the country's fiscal spen

After a doctor in East China was stabbed to death at work on Friday, China's top health authority said on Saturday that it has joined public security efforts to strengthen a crackdown on medical-related crimes and has urged hospitals to implement security measures.
7月19日，一名男子在温州医科大学附属第一医院伤害一名医生；国家卫健委于7月20日表示，已加入公安工作，将加强对于伤害医护人员的打击，并敦促医院实施安全措施。
Li Sheng, a cardiologist at the First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University in Wenzhou, Zhejiang province, was attacked by a knife-wielding man around noon Friday when seeing patients and died that evening due to critical injuries.
温州医科大学附属第一医院心血管内科李晟医生于7月19日中午在看望病人时遭到一名持刀男子的袭击，当晚因伤势严重，抢救无效后死亡。
The man who carried out the attack jumped off the building, the hospital and police said. Police said late on Friday that the attacker was receiving treatment but have not provided any subsequent updates on his condition.
医院表示，持刀男子已跳楼自杀。7月19日，警方表示，该男子正在接受治疗，但并未提供后续情况跟进。
The National Health Commission expressed deep condolences for Li's death and extended its sympathies to his family in a statement released on Saturday night.
The commission said it strongly condemns violence against medical personnel and pledges a zero-tolerance policy toward any form of harm to them.
It stressed that attacking medical personnel is a serious criminal act.
国家卫健委对李晟的去世表示深切哀悼，并在7月20日晚上发布的声明中向李晟医生的家属表示关心和安慰。卫健委强调，暴力伤害医务人员，是严重的违法犯罪行为，必须受到最强烈的谴责，最严厉的打击。
"The commission has worked with the Ministry of Public Security to guide localities to improve hospital security and severely crack down on medical-related crimes to protect the safety of patients and medical staff," it said.
卫健委将联同公安等部门，严厉打击涉医违法犯罪行为，切实保护患者和医务人员安全。
The commission added that hospitals should strengthen security systems, fully implement security measures and deepen collaboration with police.
加强平安医院建设，完善医院安全防范系统，切实落实安检措施，强化警医联动。
The Chinese Medical Doctor Association said on Saturday afternoon that it was deeply shocked and saddened by the incident.
7月20日下午，中华医师协会表示，对此事件深感震惊和悲痛。
The association reiterated its unwavering commitment to defending the dignity of healthcare workers and condemning violence against them.
中华医师协会重申：坚决反对任何形式的暴力伤医行为。坚定不移地捍卫医务人员尊严。
It urged authorities to take effective measures to ensure the safety of medical personnel and called on the whole of society to work together to create a harmonious and orderly healthcare environment.
强烈呼吁有关单位采取有力措施保障医务人员生命安全。强烈呼吁社会各界齐心协力营造和谐有序的良好医疗环境。
The association added that it has initiated a physician rights protection and assistance program and provided support to Li's family.
目前中华医师协会已积极启动医师维权救助程序，对李晟医师家属提供援助。
The incident has drawn a wave of condolences and condemnation from the public and authorities. The National Healthcare Security Administration and the Chinese Hospital Association also released statements expressing outrage at the violence and appealing for better protection of medical workers and a harmonious healthcare environment.
这一事件引起了公众和地方当局的哀悼和谴责。国家医保局和