The Colonial Dept‪.‬ Lio Mangubat

From 1762 to 1764, the British invaded and occupied Manila. When they left and returned the capital to Spain, the Castilians turned their wrath on the Chinese community, calling them traitors, apostates, and collaborators. But what was the real score? 

Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdeptFollow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept

Email us: thecolonialdept@gmail.com





References:

Flannery, Kristie Patrice (2016). “Battlefield Diplomacy and Empire-building in the Early Modern Pacific World.” Itinerario, 40(3). p. 67–488. 

Eng Sin Kueh, Joshua (2014). The Manila Chinese: Community, Trade, and Empire, c. 1570-1770 [doctoral dissertation]. Georgetown University.

Escoto, Salvador P. (1999). “Expulsion of the Chinese and Readmission to the Philippines: 1764-1779.” Philippine Studies, 47(1), p. 48-76.

Escoto, Salvador P. (2000). “A Supplement to the Chinese Expulsion from the Philippines, 1764-1779.” Philippine Studies, 48(2), p. 209-234.

Wickberg, Edward (1964). “The Chinese Mestizo in Philippine History.” The Journal of Southeast Asian History, 5(1), p. 62-100.

Ruiz-Stovel, Guillermo (2009). “Chinese Merchants, Silver Galleons, and Ethnic Violence in Spanish Manila, 1603-1686.” Mexico y la Cuenca del Pacifico, 12(36), p. 47-63.

McCarthy, Charles J. (1970). “Slaughter of Sangleys in 1639.” Philippine Studies, 18(3), p. 659-667.

Wilson, Andrew (2004). Ambition and Identity: Chinese Merchant Elites in Colonial Manila, 1880-1916. University of Hawaii Press. 

“Journal of the Proceedings of His Majesty’s Forces On An Expedition Against Manila.” In Beatson, Robert (ed.),(1972) Naval and Military Memoirs of Great Britain, From 1727 to 1783, Vol. 2, Greg Press.

Fish, Shirley (2003). When Britain Ruled the Philippines, 1762-1764: The Story of the 18th Century British Invasion of the Philippines During the Seven Years War. Authorhouse.

In California, sympathetic judges allow a Filipino man to marry a white woman—at least until a new state law arrives. In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we check out the Roldan v. Los Angeles County case. (Listen to S5E12 before listening to this one!)

In the early decades of the 20th century, scores of young Filipino men began migrating to the United States to work. In their spare time, they dressed in their best suits and nattiest shoes, then hit the clubs. But when these dance-hall romances blossomed into marriages with white women, the law stepped in to stop them. Central to the plaintiffs’ legal arguments was a dazzling trick question of pure pseudoscience: Was the Filipino a Mongolian… or a Malay? 



Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdeptFollow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdeptEmail us: thecolonialdept@gmail.com



References:

Strandjord, Corinne (2009). “Filipino Resistance to Anti-Miscegenation Laws in Washington State.” Great Depression in Washington State. 

https://depts.washington.edu/depress/filipino_anti_miscegenation.shtml

Volpp, Leti (1999-2000). “American Mestizo: Filipinos and Antimiscegenation Laws in California.” UC Davis Law Review, 33, 795-835.

Baldoz, Richard (2004). “Valorizing Racial Boundaries: Hegemony and Conflict in the Racialization of Filipino Migrant Labour in the United States.” Ethnic and Racial Studies, 27(6), 969-986.

Aguilar, Filomeno V. (2011). “Filibustero, Rizal, and the Manilamen of the Nineteenth Century.” Philippine Studies, 59(4), 429–469.

Johnson, Stefanie (2005). “Blocking Racial Intermarriage Laws in 1935 and 1937.” The Seattle Civil Rights and Labor History Project. https://depts.washington.edu/civilr/antimiscegenation.htm

Wilkerson, Isabel (2020). ‎Caste: The Origins of Our Discontents. Random House

Desmond-Harris, Jenée and Caswell, Estelle (13 January 2015). “The myth of race, debunked in 3 minutes.” Vox. https://www.vox.com/2015/1/13/7536655/race-myth-debunked

“Filipino Contract Laborers in Hawaii.” 1926. Monthly Labor Review 24(4), 4-9.

After publishing Noli Me Tangere, Jose Rizal gets red-tagged… er, German-tagged by the Spanish authorities! In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we check out the accusations against Rizal, and how he responded to them. (Listen to S5E11 before listening to this one!)

Sea snakes and scientists, popes and Pacific islands all star in this wide-ranging episode. As Germany and Spain threaten to go to war over a chain of islands, the Spaniards feared that the diplomatic ruckus kicked up by the Caroline Crisis would also swallow up their colony next door: the Philippines!

Follow us on IG: @thecolonialdept

Follow us on TikTok: @thecolonialdept

Email us: thecolonialdept@gmail.com

P.S. My voiceover partner-in-crime, Anya, is on extended leave, so I’ll be voicing the entirety of this episode.

References:

Weston, Nathaniel Parker (2012). “Scientific Authority, Nationalism, and Colonial Entanglements between Germany, Spain, and the Philippines, 1850 to 1900” [doctoral dissertation]. University of Washington. 

Weston, Nathaniel Parker (2021). Specters of Germany: Colonial Rivalry and Scholarship in the Philippine Reform Movement and Revolution. Ateneo de Manila University Press.

Hanlon, David (1988). Upon a Stone Altar: A History of the Island of Pohnpei to 1890. University of Hawaii Press.

Hezel, Francis X. (1995). Strangers in Their Own Land: A Century of Colonial Rule in the Caroline and Marshall Islands. University of Hawaii Press. 

“German Gunboats and Pacific Natives” (14 February 1887). The West Australian.

“Jose Rizal, suspected spy, deciphered” (19 September 2012). National Historical Commission of the Philippines. https://nhcp.gov.ph/jose-rizal-suspected-spy-deciphered/

During negotiations with the besieging British, an English officer loses his head to Philippine lancers! In this week's episode of Extra Credit, we zero in on this unexpected episode during the 1762 Battle of Manila. (Listen to S5E10 before listening to this one!)