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TAPESCRIPT:
Hello everyone! This is Teacher Carol Pinho and this is our new episode of Carol Tips!

Today, we will talk about Simple Present

So, let’s get started

Simple Present is used to talk about routines, facts, likes, dislikes and general truths:

Regarding structure, we divide the subjects into two groups:

Group 1 = I, you, we and they
Group 2 = he, she and it (or the third person singular)

In affirmative sentences, the verbs are normal for the first group, like:

We study at the same school
They live in London
I have two kids

For Group 2, we must add S to the end of the verbs in affirmative sentences. In order to help you study, I will leave the explanation about the rules of adding S at the end of the tapescript.

This way, we will hear sentences like:
My husband works at a broadcasting company

or

She has five dogs and a cat.

When it comes to negative sentences, we will use the auxiliary verb DO for group 1 and DOES for group 2.

For example:

I don’t study on Sunday

They don’t attend meetings after 6p.m.

For Group 2, as we use DOESN’T, we won’t add S to the verbs:

She doesn’t have siblings

He doesn’t like eating broccoli

Remember the auxiliary verbs do not have a real meaning. They are there only to inform us what verbal tense is in use at the time we are speaking. So, in case we want to use the verb TO DO as the main verb, in the negative, we will use DON’T or DOESN’T, followed by DO, such as:

I don’t do housework during weekends

She doesn’t do the homework on time

When we talk about Interrogative Sentences, we will also use auxiliary verbs, before the subject:

For Example:

Do the kids play with friends at school?

Does the doctor attend in the morning?

We can also use QUESTION WORDS, like WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY, etc.

How often do you exercise?

Why does she live with her parents?


That’s it! Hope you liked it. Remember to follow us on Instagram. Search for @carolpinhoefl. See you on our next Carol Tips!

Hello everyone! This is Teacher Carol Pinho and this is our new episode of Carol Tips!

Today, here is the Second Episode about Present Perfect. The last two episodes were about Simple Past and Present Perfect as well. It would be interesting if you studied those ones first. In case you haven’t done it yet, I will leave the links at the end of the tapescript for you! 

As we saw it, Simple Past is used to talk about things that happened in the past, but the period must be SPECIFIC and OVER.
Regarding Present Perfect, it is used to talk about events that occured in the past, but when the PERIOD IS NOT SPECIFIC or when the PERIOD IS NOT OVER. 
We also use Present Perfect when we talk about NOT SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST, it means that we talk about an action that happened at some point in the past, but we don’t inform when.

Today we will talk about the KEY WORDS that can be used with Present Perfect. They are special words that add some new idea or meaning to the sentences.

EVER

Ever is usually used in questions, when we ask people about their life experiences. For example:
Have you ever traveled abroad? (I mean, anytime in your life?)
Have you ever eaten Thai food?
Has your mom ever been to Italy?

NEVER

Used to talk about the absence of expeciente. 

I have never climbed a mountain (Note that we don’t say = I haven’t ever climbed a mountain.

My mom has never spoken English.

JUST

It indicates situations which occurred in a very recent time in the past. For instance:

I arrived home at 5:00p.m. My mom called me at 5:10. In this situation, I could tell her: I have just arrived home from work.

other examples:

I will eat dessert later. I have just eaten half a pizza.

I am so happy! My brother has just told me he will be a father!

ALREADY

Used to talk about things that were done before the expected time

For example: It is 9:00a.m., but I have already cooked lunch for today.

My husband has already left for work. Normally he goes later.

We can also use ALREADY in questions, like:

Have you already done your homework?


And finally

YET…

In the end of affirmative questions, it is equal ALREADY…. so we can say

Have you already finished your lunch?
or
Have you finished your lunch yet?

but…. in the end of negative sentences, it means the opposite, that something is late, or not accomplished within the expected time….

I haven’t recorded the episode yet.

She hasn’t arrived from school yet.


That 's it! Hope you liked it. Remember to follow us on Instagram. Search for @carolpinhoefl. We are also on Youtube. See you on our next Carol Tips!

#TAPESCRIPT### 

Hello everyone! This is Teacher Carol Pinho and this is our new episode of Carol Tips! 

Today, we will start a series of Podcasts about Present Perfect. 

Last episode was about Simple Past. It is interesting if you study that one first. In case you haven’t done that yet, I suggest you go there and listen first! 

As we saw, Simple Past is used to talk about things that happened in the past, but the period must be SPECIFIC and OVER, which means, we have to know when the action occurred and the period of the sentence must be a time that is over, finished. For example: 

I moved to Bahia in 2016. (I inform when the action occurred: 2016 and this period is over, right?) or 

He didn’t work at that company last year. 

Talking about structure, when we use PRESENT PERFECT, we use the auxiliary verb TO HAVE: Remember that we use HAVE for I, YOU, WE and THEY and HAS for HE, SHE and IT. After the auxiliary verb, we use the 3rd column of the verbs, which is called PAST PARTICIPLE: 

For example 

go - went - gone 

see - saw - seen 

make - made - made 

dance - danced - danced 

PRESENT PERFECT, different from Simple Past, is used to talk about events that occurred in the past, but when the PERIOD IS NOT SPECIFIC or when the PERIOD IS NOT OVER. When we talk about NOT SPECIFIC TIME IN THE PAST, it means that we talk about an action that happened at some point in the past, but we don’t inform when, for example: 

I have studied at USP 

My husband has had a publicity agency 

We have lived in São Paulo

All of those things have occurred in my life, but I don’t tell you when exactly. 

It is important to say that we only use this for people who are alive, because their lifetime is an open period. When we talk about dead people, we use SIMPLE PAST, even when we don’t say when the actions happened, seeing that the person’s lifetime is OVER, so the period is OVER. For instance: 

My grandfather lived in Santos.

My grandmother had 11 children 

My great-grandfather worked as a wagon driver. 

All these people already passed, which means, they died. Their life period is OVER, is CLOSED. I don’t tell when these events occurred, but I know the period is OVER. 

The other use for PRESENT PERFECT is when we talk about actions that happened (in the past), but they are inside a period that is not OVER. For example: TODAY, THIS WEEK, THIS MONTH, THIS YEAR, IN THE LAST 10 YEARS, THIS DECADE, etc. 

I say…. 

I drank coffee yesterday. (using SIMPLE PAST, because both my action and the period are over) 

but I say…. 

I have drunk coffee today 

My daughter has read a book this week (using PRESENT PERFECT because TODAY and THIS WEEK are NOT OVER, even though my coffee and my daughter’s reading are over) 

In negative sentences we use the NEGATIVE AUXILIARY VERBS, HAVEN’T or HASN’T: 

I haven’t had breakfast today. 

My son hasn’t done homework this week. 

In INTERROGATIVE sentences, we use the auxiliary verbs before the subject: 

Have you eaten any fruit today? 

Has she lived abroad in the last 10 years? 

Where have you been to this week? 

What have you done today? 

Note that, in PRESENT PERFECT, we use the PRINCIPAL VERB in PAST PARTICIPLE (or 3rd COLUMN) in all sentences, affirmative, negative and interrogative! 

That 's it! Hope you liked it. In our next episode we will talk more about PRESENT PERFECT. Remember to follow us on Instagram. Search for @carolpinhoefl. We are also on Youtube. See you on our next Carol Tips!

###TAPESCRIPT###

Hello everyone! This is Teacher Carol Pinho and this is our new episode of Carol Tips!

Today, we will talk about Simple Past 

So, let’s get down to business!



Simple Past is used to talk about things that happened in the past, but the period must be SPECIFIC, that is, we have to know when the action occurred, like in:

I visited my family in 2019.

or

I went to London in 2017.



The period must be SPECIFIC and FINISHED, meaning that, the “time” of the sentence must be OVER

For example:

The sentence: “My daughter was born in 2000” is correct, because the year 2000 is over now.

ok teacher…. and if I want to say “I drank coffee today”, is it correct? No! It is not! Today is not over. My coffee is over, but the period we are using isn’t finished. In this case, we will use PRESENT PERFECT. We will talk about this verbal tense on our next episode.



Now, talking about structure. When we use Simple Past, we use the 2nd column of the verbs in the affirmative sentences, like:

go - went

see - saw

make - made

dance - danced



For example:

My husband cooked pasta last Sunday.

or 

She watched an amazing movie yesterday.

In the negative, we use the auxiliary verb DIDN’T  and the principal verb in the infinitive form, which is the base form or the 1st column of verbs.



For example:

I didn’t go to the movies last weekend.

or 

My parents didn’t visit me last year.

(Do you see? In the negative, the verb is not in the PAST FORM)



When we talk about INTERROGATIVE sentences, we use DID as the auxiliary verb, followed by the subject and the infinitive of the verb too, equal in the negative form.

For instance:

Did you read the news yesterday?

or 

Did you see John at school last week?



When we use WH words in the questions, like WHAT, WHERE, WHEN, WHY or HOW, we place them before the subject. The structure will be:

WH WORD + DID + SUBJECT + VERB IN INFINITIVE

For example:

When did you move to Bahia?

How did you go to work yesterday?

Why did you decide to stop university last year?

When we make sentences with VERB TO BE in the PAST, it is all different, right?

In affirmative sentences, we use WAS or WERE



Note that we use WAS for I, HE, SHE and IT 

and WERE for YOU, WE and THEY



Like in:

I was born in 1982

She was at home last night

They were boring when they were kids



For the NEGATIVE form, we do not use the AUXILIARY VERB DIDN’T. VERB TO BE goes to negative form alone, 

was not (or) WASN’T

She wasn’t my friend 10 years ago

I wasn’t well last night

were not (or) WEREN’T



They weren’t together in the party on Saturday

You weren’t happy at the club yesterday



In the INTERROGATIVE, we move the verb to be before the subject, such as:



Was he at school yesterday?

Were you happy when you lived in London?



We can also place the WH WORDS before verb to be in the questions. For example:

Where were you last night?

Why was the refrigerator door opened?



That’s it! Hope you liked it. Remember to follow us on Instagram. Search for @carolpinhoefl. We are also on Youtube. See you on our next Carol Tips!

####TAPESCRIPT####
Hello everyone! This is teacher Carol Pinho, and here is our new episode of Carol Tips! Remember that this audio tapescript is available in the podcast description!
Today we will talk about  HAVE SOMETHING DONE
In English, if I say: I CUT MY HAIR YESTERDAY, I mean I, myself, with my hands, cut my own hair. It doesn’t mean I paid someone else, like a hairdresser, to cut my hair for me.
When I say: I AM PAINTING MY APARTMENT, I am telling you that I am painting the walls myself, using my hands.
Ok! So, Teacher! How can I inform that I paid someone to do something for me?
We use HAVE SOMETHING DONE.
The structure is simple: we use HAVE in the verbal tense that we want. For example:
I have or He has  (for Simple Present)
She will have (for the Future)
They had (for the Past)
You should have (when we talk about modal verbs)
He has never had (for Present Perfect)
After HAVE, we use the SOMETHING, which is, in the previous examples, the hair, the apartment or the walls.
Then, we use the verb in the participle form, which is the 3rd column of the verbs
Like in:
I had my hair cut yesterday. (I am telling you that I got someone else to cut my hair for me yesterday)
I am having my apartment painted this week. (someone is painting my apartment this week, not me)
I will have my car washed next Saturday (I will pay a person to wash my car for me next Saturday, I won’t wash it myself)
Lisa had the roof repaired yesterday (Lisa paid someone to repair her damaged roof)
My husband has his beard trimmed at the same barbershop. (He pays the same barber to trim his beard)
We had our shower fixed two days ago. (We called someone to fix our broken shower)
We can use it in NEGATIVE form:
I don’t have my hair cut. I cut it myself.
We didn’t have the car washed last week. It is so dirty!
She doesn’t have the house cleaned, because she doesn’t like other people in her house.
I won’t have my nails polished this week. I will polish them myself.
And, we can also use it in INTERROGATIVE sentences, like:
Did you have your hair cut?
Does she have her nails polished every week?
Will you have the car washed next Saturday?
That’s it! Hope you like it! Follow us on Instagram as well! Search for @carolpinhoefl! See you on the next episode of Carol Tips!

Hello everyone! This is teacher Carol Pinho! 

I have been teaching English for over 24 years now. Here you will find, every week, audio tips about grammar, vocabulary, pronunciation and business, always counting on easy explanations, useful examples and clear tapescripts to support and improve your studies! Hope to make your learning process a nicer journey! New episodes every Sunday! See you around