Holy Quran Qahramon

Sūrat al-Layl  الليل "The Night" is the ninety-second sūrah (chapter) of the Qur'an, containing twenty-one āyāt (verses). This sūrah is one of the first ten to be revealed in Mecca. It contrasts two types of people, the charitable and the miserly, and describes each of their characteristics

Summary


1-4 Oaths by various natural objects
5-13 The obedient blessed and the covetous accursed
14-16 The covetous warned with hell-fire
17-21 True believers shall be rewarded hereafter [1]



Date of the revelations

Duration: 2 minutes and 27 seconds.2:27Al-Lail in murattalMasjid al-Haram, Mecca at night

Sūrah Al-Lail is a Meccan sura, and was among the first ten surahs to be revealed. Meccan surahs are chronologically earlier surahs that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 sūwar. Most of the surahs containing muqatta'at are Meccan. According to Yusuf Ali, Al-Lail may be placed in the dating period close to Surat Al-Fajr and Ad-Dhuha (93). It is similar in subject matter to the chapter preceding it, Ash-Shams (91)



Q92:1–11 By night and Day

Allah begins this chapter by swearing a series of oaths: by the night when it envelops the world, by the day when it illuminates and, finally by Himself who has created the male and female (92:1-3). Evidence of these three things are invoked (night, day and gender) to illustrate how the aims and activities engaged in by both individuals and nations, are, in respect to their moral nature, widely divergent. Verse 92:3 literally means, "Consider that which has created [or "creates"] the male and the female", i.e., the elements which are responsible for the differentiation between male and female. This, together with the symbolism of night and day, darkness and light, is an allusion - similar to the first ten verses of the preceding surah (Ash-Shams) - to the polarity evident in all nature and, hence, to the dichotomy (spoken of in the next verse) which characterizes man's aims and motives. Following a style common to the brief chapters, three opposing moral characteristics are presented as illustrations, providing a means from which mankind may judge which of the two lifestyles is being represented

By the night as it envelops; By the day as it appears; By Him Who created male and female; Certainly, your efforts and deeds are diverse; As for him who gives and has taqwa; and believes in al-husnā; We will make smooth for him the path of ease; But he who is greedy and thinks himself self-sufficient; and denies al-husnā; We will make smooth for him the path to evil; and what will his wealth avail him when he goes down (in destruction)

— Quran 92:1-11 -Yusuf Ali

92:1 وَالَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَى

92:2 وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا تَجَلَّى

92:3 وَمَا خَلَقَ الذَّكَرَ وَالْأُنثَى

Wa-(a)l-laili 'idhā yaghshāBy the night as it envelopsWa-(a)n-nahāri 'idhā tajallāBy the day as it appearsWa mā khalaqa-(a)dh-dhakara wa-(a)l-‘unthāAnd (by)he who created the male and female

Ash-Shams الشمس "The Sun" is the 91st surah of the Qur'an, with 15 ayat or verses. It opens with a series of solemn oaths sworn on various astronomical phenomena, the first of which, "by the sun", gives the sura its name, then on the human soul itself. It then describes the fate of Thamud, a formerly prosperous but now extinct Arab tribe. The prophet Saleh urged them to worship God alone, and commanded them in God's name to preserve a certain she-camel; they disobeyed and continued to reject his message; they killed the she-camel and God destroyed them all except those who had followed Salih

Summary


1-10 Oaths that man’s happiness and misery depends on the purity or corruption he hath wrought in it
11-15 Thamúd destroyed for rejecting their prophet[1



Name of the surah

Jalaluddin Al-Suyuti co-author of the classical Sunni tafsīr known as Tafsir al-Jalalayn suggests that some of the sūrahs have been named using incipits (i.e. the first few words of the surah). The Surah has been so designated after the word ash-shams with which it opens. Hamiduddin Farahi wrote that some sūrahs have been named after some conspicuous words used in them.[2] Touched by an Angel: Tafseer Juz ‘Amma is an AlMaghrib Institute Tafsir course[3] which further investigates that the sun (ash-shams) is mentioned in several surahs; the reason why is this one called Surah Shams is because, in it, the sun is mentioned four times. Allah says:91:1 وَالشَّمْسِ وَضُحَاهَا91:2 وَالْقَمَرِ إِذَا تَلَاهَا91:3 وَالنَّهَارِ إِذَا جَلَّاهَا91:4 وَاللَّيْلِ إِذَا يَغْشَاهَا

Translation: By the sun and its brightness, and [by] the moon when it follows it. And [by] the day when it displays it, and [by] the night when it covers it. [Surah Ash-Shams, verses 1-4]. Notice “it,” “it,” “it,” … in Arabic, the pronoun used is haa (هَا), which is feminine. And all the other nouns referred to are masculine; which only leaves Ash-Shams–the sun–which is a feminine word; that’s the “it” referred to in the first four ayaat.[4]



Translation (Sahih internatin from quran.com)


By the sun and its brightness
And [by] the moon when it follows it
And [by] the day when it displays it1
And [by] the night when it covers [i.e., conceals] it
And [by] the sky and He who constructed it
And [by] the earth and He who spread it
And [by] the soul and He who proportioned it
And inspired it [with discernment of] its wickedness and its righteousness,
He has succeeded who purifies it,
And he has failed who instills it [with corruption].
Thamūd denied [their prophet] by reason of their transgression,
When the most wretched of them was sent forth
And the messenger of Allāh [i.e., Ṣāliḥ] said to them, "[Do not harm] the she-camel of Allāh or [prevent her from] her drink."
But they denied him and hamstrung1 her. So their Lord brought down upon them destruction for their sin and made it equal [upon all of them].
And He does not fear the consequence thereof.

Al-Balad  البلد, "The City" is the 90th Surah or chapter of the Qur'an. It is composed of 20 verses



Summary


1-7 Man, though created in misery, yet boasts of his riches
8-16 Captives to be freed and the poor and orphan to be fed
17-20 Description of the companions of the right and left hand



The subject matter and style of Qur'anic chapter al balad resemble those of the earliest Surahs revealed at Mecca,[2] but it contains a pointer which indicates that it was sent down in the period when the disbelievers of Makkah had resolved to oppose Muhammad, and made it lawful for themselves to commit tyranny and excess against him



In this Surah a vast subject has been compressed into a few brief sentences, and it is a miracle of the Quran that a complete ideology of life which could hardly be explained in a thick volume has been abridged most effectively in brief sentences of this short Surah. Its theme is to explain the true position of man in the world and of the world in relation to man and to tell that God has shown to man both the highways of good and evil, has also provided for him the means to judge and see and follow them, and now it rests upon mans own effort and judgment whether he chooses the path of virtue and reaches felicity or adopts the path of vice and meets with doom

First, the city of Makkah and the hardships being faced therein by the Holy Prophet (upon whom be peace) and the state of the children of Adam have been cited as a witness to the truth that this world is not a place of rest and ease for man, where he might have been born to enjoy life, but here he has been created into toil and struggle. If this theme is read with verse 39 of Surah An-Najm (Laisa lil insani illa ma saa : there is nothing for man but what he has striven for), it becomes plain that in this world the future of man depends on his toil and struggle, effort and striving

After this, man's misunderstanding that he is all in all in this world and that there is no superior power to watch what he does and to call him to account, has been refuted

Then, taking one of the many moral concepts of ignorance held by man, as an example, it has been pointed out what wrong criteria of merit and greatness he has proposed for himself in the world

The person who for ostentation and display squanders heaps of wealth, not only himself prides upon his extravagances but the people also admire him for it enthusiastically, whereas the Being Who is watching over his deeds, sees by what methods he obtained the wealth and in what ways and with what motives and intention he spent it

Then Allah says: We have given man the means of knowledge and the faculties of thinking and understanding and opened up before him both the highways of virtue and vice: one way leads down to moral depravity, and it is an easy way pleasing for the self; the other way leads up to moral heights, which is steep like an uphill road, for scaling which man has to exercise self- restraint

It is man's weakness that he prefers slipping down into the abyss to scaling the cliff

Then, Allah has explained what the steep road is by following which man can ascend to the heights

It is that he should give up spending for ostentation, display and pride and should spend his wealth to help the orphans and the needy, should believe in Allah and His Religion and joining the company of believers should participate in the construction of a society which should fulfill the demands of virtue and righteousness patiently and should be compassionate to the people

The end of those who follow this way is that they would become worthy of Allah's mercies

On the contrary, the end of those who follow the wrong way, is the fire of Hell from which there is no escape

Al-Fajr (Arabic: الفجر, "The Dawn", "Daybreak") is the eighty-ninth chapter of the Quran, with 30 verses .[3] The sura describes destruction of disbelieving peoples: the Ancient Egyptians, the people of Iram of the Pillars, and Mada'in Saleh. It condemns those who love wealth and look with disdain upon the poor and orphans. Righteous people are promised Paradise – the final verse says "And enter you My Paradise!". The Surah is so designated after the word wal-fajr with which it opens.[4]



Summary


1-4 Various oaths by natural objects
5-13 Unbelievers are warned by the fate of Ád, Thamúd, and Pharaoh[5]
14-17 Man praises God in prosperity, but reproaches him in adversity
18-22 Oppression of the poor and the orphan denounced
23-26 The wicked will vainly regret their evil deeds on the Judgment Day
27-30 The believing soul invited to the joys of Paradise[6]

Then the surah discusses that Man praises God in prosperity, but reproaches him in adversity in ayaat 14th to 17th. The discourse then denounces the oppression of the poor in ayaat 18th to 22nd. And approaching the end ayaat 23rd to 25th give the verdict that the wicked will vainly regret their evil deeds on the judgment-day, while ayaat 26th to the 30th gives the good news to the believing soul invited to the joys of Paradise.[7]



Period of revelation

Quran chapters are not arranged in the chronological order of believed revelation (wahy).[8] Muhammad told his followers, the sahaba, the placement in Quranic order of every Wahy revealed along with the original text of Quran.[9] Wm Theodore de Bary, an East Asian studies expert, describes that "The final process of collection and codification of the Quran text was guided by one overarching principle: God's words must not in any way be distorted or sullied by human intervention. For this reason, no serious attempt, apparently, was made to edit the numerous revelations, organize them into thematic units, or present them in chronological order....".[10][11] Surat Al-Fajr is a Meccan sura[12] and meccan suras are chronologically earlier suras that were revealed to Muhammad at Mecca before the hijrah to Medina in 622 CE. They are typically shorter, with relatively short ayat, and mostly come near the end of the Qur'an's 114 surahs. Most of the surahs containing muqatta'at are Meccan. Henceforth apart from traditions,[clarification needed] this surah qualifies to be Meccan typically. According to Yusuf Ali, Al-Fajr may be placed in the dating period close to Surat Al-Lail and Ad-Dhuha.



Theme of the surah

There are almost seven divisions in the Qur'an[clarification needed] according to Themes.[24][25] The last of these seven sections goes from surah Al-Mulk [surah number 67] to surah Al-Nas [surah number 114].[26] This final part [last seventh of the Quran] focuses on sources of reflection, people, final scenes they will face on Judgment Day and hellfire and paradise in general[27] and admonition to the Quraysh about their fate in the present and the hereafter if they deny Muhammad, specifically.[28] This surah Al-Fajr forms a pair with the next one Al-Balad. The central theme of both the surahs is to reprimand the leaders of the Quraysh for the rebellious attitude and arrogant behavior they have adopted with regard to Allah and their fellow human beings after being bestowed with favors and riches.[29]

Al-Ghāshiyah (Arabic: الغاشية, "The Overwhelming", "The Pall") is the 88th chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 26 ayat or verses. The surah's topics are Paradise, Hell and the miracle of the creation of all things by God.

This surah refers to three broad-ranging topics. First, God describes the difference between good and evil paths that an individual can take and the consequence of each path. God then clarifies their destiny and describes what hell would be like for the non-believers. The second theme mentions the creations God has made, referring to the sky, the earth, and the mountains. Lastly, in verses 21–22, God gives a direct message to Muhammad and tells him, "So remind, [O Muhammad]; you are only a reminder. You are not over them a controller."[1]

Summary


1-3 The terrible day of judgment
4-7 Description of the torments of hell
8-16 The joyful state of the Muslims on the judgment-day
17-20 God manifests himself in his works
21-22 Muhammad only to warn, not to rule over, the infidels
23-26 God will himself punish the unbelievers[2]


Hadith



Al-Dahhak b. Qais asked al-Nu'man b. Bashir: What did the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) recite on Friday after reciting the Surah Al-Jumua (62). He replied: He used to recite, "Had the story of overwhelming event reached you?" (Al-Ghashiyah).[3][4][5][6][7]


Samra ibn Jundab narrated that: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite in the Friday prayer: "Glorify the name of your most high Lord" (Surah 87) and Has the story of the overwhelming event reached you? (Al-Ghashiyah).[8][9][10][11]


Abu Bakr bin An-Nadr said: We were in At-Taff with Anas, and he led them in praying Zuhr. When he had finished, he said: ''I prayed Zuhr with the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) and he recited two surahs for us in the two rak'ahs: 'Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High' (Quran 87) and 'Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?"' (Al-Ghashiyah).[12]


It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that: The Prophet (ﷺ) used to recite in the Eid prayers ''Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High." (Surah 87) and "Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?" (Al-Ghashiyah).[13][14][15][16]


It was narrated from al-Nu'man b. Bashir that: The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) used to recite on the two Eid prayers and on Jumu'ah: "Glorify the Name of Your Lord, the Most High" (Surah 87) and "Has there come to you the narration of The Overwhelming?" (Al-Ghashiyah) Sometimes the two (Eid and Jumu'ah) occurred on the same day, and he would recite them (these two Surahs).[17][18][19]

Al-Aʻlā (Arabic: الأعلى, lit. 'The Most High, Glory To Your Lord In The Highest') is the eighty-seventh chapter (surah) of the Qur'an, with 19 ayat or verses.

Al-A'la describes the Islamic view of existence, the Oneness of Allah, and Divine revelation, additionally mentioning rewards and punishments. Mankind often hides things from each other and from themselves as well. The sura reminds its readers that Allah knows the things that are declared and things that lie hidden. The final verse of this Sura affirms that a similar message was also revealed to Abraham and Moses in the scriptures.[1] This sura is part of the series of Al-Musabbihat as it begins with the glorification of Allah. This is a Makkan surah. The first 7 Āyāt (verses) were revealed during the first years of Makkan life.

One of the companions of Ali said that he prayed twenty consecutive nights behind him and he did not recite any Surah, except Surah A’la. Surat Al-A'lā is among the most recited suras in the Jummah and Witr prayers.



Summary


1-5 God, the Most High, praised for his works
6-9 God promises to help Muhammad to proclaim the Quran
10-11 The God-fearing only shall be admonished
12-15 The wicked shall be punished, but the righteous shall be blessed
16-17 Men choose the present life rather than the life to come
18-19 The books of Abraham and Moses attest the Quran [2]


Hadith


Ibn ‘Abbas (d.687) narrated: The Prophet recited in Witr: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High (Al-Ala).[3][4][5][6][7][8][9]
Ibn ‘Abbas reported; when the prophet recited: "Glorify the name of thy Lord, the Most High."(Al-Ala) He would say: "Glory be to Allah, the most High".[10]


Samra ibn Jundab narrated that: The Messenger of Allah used to recite in the Friday prayer: "Glorify the name of your most high Lord" (Al-Ala) and Has the story of the overwhelming event reached you? (Al-Ghashiyah). [11][12][13][14]


It was narrated from Ibn ‘Abbas that the Prophet used to recite in the ‘Eid prayers "Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High." (Al-Ala) and “Has there come to you the narration of the overwhelming?” (Al-Ghashiyah).[15][16][17][18]



It was narrated from al-Nu'man b. Bashir that: The Messenger of Allah used to recite on the two Eid prayers and on Jumu'ah: "Glorify the Name of Your Lord, the Most High" (Al-Ala) and "Has there come to you the narration of The Overwhelming?"(Al-Ghashiyah) Sometimes the two ('Eid and Jumu'ah) occurred on the same day, and he would recite them (these two Surahs).[19][20][21]


It was narrated that Imran ibn Husain said: "The Prophet prayed Zuhr and a man behind him recited: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High. When he had finished praying, he said: 'Who recited: Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High?" (Al-Ala) A man said: 'I did.' He said: 'I realized that some of you were disputing with me over it'".[22][23]


Abu Bakr bin An-Nadr said: "We were in At-Taff with Anas, and he led them in praying Zuhr. When he had finished, he said: 'I prayed Zuhr with the Messenger of Allah and he recited two surahs for us in the two rak'ahs: "Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High' (Al-Ala) and 'Has there come to you the narration of the over-whelming?'" (Al-Ghashiyah). [24]


It was narrated that Jabir said: "Muadh stood up and prayed Isha', and made it lengthy. The Prophet said: 'Do you want to cause hardship to the people, O Mu'adh; do you want to cause hardship to the people O Mu'adh? Why didn't you recite Glorify the Name of your Lord Most High (Al-Ala) or Ad-Dhuha or; When the heaven is cleft asunder?"[25][26]


Narrated Uqbah ibn Amir: “When the following was revealed: ‘So glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most Great’,[69:52] the Messenger of Allah said to us: ‘Say this in your Ruku’.’ And when the following was revealed: ‘Glorify the Name of your Lord, the Most High.’[87:1] th