#074 - Benjamin Bikman, Ph.D.: Insulin Resistance, Human Metabolism, Obesity, Diabetes, Mitochondrial Function, Reproductive Issues, Fasting, And More‪!‬ The Melanie Avalon Biohacking Podcast

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1:45 - IF Biohackers: Intermittent Fasting + Real Foods + Life: Join Melanie's Facebook Group At Facebook.com/groups/PaleoOMAD For A Weekly Episode GIVEAWAY, And To Discuss And Learn About All Things Biohacking! All Conversations Welcome!
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2:35 - Follow Melanie On Instagram To See The Latest Moments, Products, And #AllTheThings! @MelanieAvalon
8:55 - Ben's Personal Story
13:15 - Insulin's Role In Disease
17:05 - Measuring Insulin
17:25 - What Is Insulin?
19:30 - Insulin Signaling 
20:40 - Defining Insulin Resistance
21:35 - Insulin Resistance And Sex Hormones
23:35 - Fatty Acid Transportation
25:15 - High Blood Glucose; Low Insulin
25:35 - Gluconeogenesis
27:15 - Homeostasis Between Gluconeogenesis And Insulin
28:00 - Communication And Regulatory Signaling
31:05 - PCOS
33:05 - The Role Of Fat Cells In Insulin Resistance
34:30 - How We Gain Fat
36:55 - Insulin Resistance In Fat Cells
37:40 - Inflammation In Fat Cells
39:30 - Insulin Sensitivity In The Morbidly Obese
41:20 - The Role Of Hypertrophy Vs Hyperplastic Cells
43:35 - Differences In BMI Application
46:55 - Vitamin D, And K2
52:00 - Visceral Fat Vs Subcutaneous Fat
52:55 - Macrophages And Foam Cells
56:40 - Ceramides, "Bad" Fat In The Body
59:05 - Creating Insulin Resistance
59:40 - Inflammation And Ceramides
1:00:25 - Insulin Resistance In Muscle Vs Fat
1:03:40 - Glycogen Storage; Liver Vs Muscles
1:05:40 - Muscle Glycogen Usage
1:07:10 - Liver Glycogen Depletion And Ketosis
1:09:50 - Increased Glycogen Storage
1:12:10 - Water Demands Of Glycogen 
1:13:20 - Fat Storage Vs Glucose Storage
1:15:45 - Fruit Diets
1:17:40 - Non-Essential Carbohydrates
1:19:30 - Essential Glucose
1:21:00 - Carbohydrate Conversion To Fat
1:22:55 - Types Of Fat Created By Type Of Carbohydrate
1:24:20 - HFLC Vs LFHC
1:27:20 - How Saturated Fat Impacts Insulin Resistance
1:29:10 - Saturated Fat In The Blood
1:30:30 - Palmitate Production
1:32:00 - Oleic Acid Storage 
1:33:10 - Monounsaturated Fat's Protective Effect
1:34:00 - Natural Fats; Animal And Plant Saturated Fats
1:35:15 - Saturated Fat In A Mixed Macro Diet
1:37:10 - Order Of Macro Consumption
1:41:05 - Carb + Protein Plant Sources
1:45:00 - Physiological Insulin Resistance
1:50:00 - Metabolic Inflexibility
1:54:00 - A Practical Diet Including Carbs
1:56:40 - Glycemic Load And Glycemic Index
1:58:10 - CGM Usage 
1:58:40 - Berberine, Cinnamon, ACV For Glucose Control