5 of the Best John Palmer

Joan of Arc
 



Born
6 January, c. 1412[1]Domrémy, 



 

 
Joan of Arc        nicknamed "The Maid of Orléans" (French: La Pucelle d'Orléans), is considered a heroine of France and a Roman Catholic saint. 
 
Joan was the daughter of Jacques d'Arc and Isabelle Romée[23] in Domrémy, a village which was then in the French part of the duchy of Bar.[24] Joan's parents owned about 50 acres (20 hectares) of land and her father supplemented his farming work with a minor position as a village official, 
 
She later testified that she experienced her first vision in 1425 at the age of 13, when she was in her "father's garden"[26] and saw visions of figures she identified as Saint Michael, Saint Catherine, and Saint Margaret, who told her to drive out the English and bring the Dauphin to Reims for his coronation
 
 

 
In 1418, Paris was taken by the Burgundians, who massacred the Count of Armagnac and about 2,500 of his followers.[16] The future French king,Charles VII, assumed the title of Dauphin – the heir to the throne – at the age of fourteen, after all four of his older brothers had died in succession.[1
 
 
 
 
 
"... the Maiden lets you know that here, in eight days, she has chased the English out of all the places they held on the river Loire by attack or other means: they are dead or prisoners or discouraged in battle. 
 
The sudden victory at Orléans also led to many proposals for further offensive action. Joan persuaded Charles VII to allow her to accompany the army with Duke John II of Alençon, and she gained royal permission for her plan to recapture nearby bridges along the Loire as a prelude to an advance on Reims and the coronation of Charles VII. 
 

 
Joan Arc song
CBBC: Horrible Histories - Joan of Arc Song - YouTube
 
 
 
 
Boudica



Died
circa AD 60 or 61, Britannia



 
Boudica was a striking looking woman. - "She was very tall, the glance of her eye most fierce; her voice harsh. A great mass of the reddest hair fell down to her hips. Her appearance was terrifying
 

 
Boudica's husband Prasutagus was ruler of the Iceni tribe. He ruled as a nominally independent ally of Rome and left his kingdom       when he died  Boudica was flogged, her daughters were raped, and Roman financiers called in their loans.
 
 
 

 
 
In 60 or 61 AD, while the Roman governor Gaius Suetonius Paullinus was leading a campaign in North Wales, the Iceni rebelled. Members of other tribes joined them
 

The Iceni warriors managed to destroy Camulodunum (Colchester) they also defeated the Roman IX Legion.
Hearing the news, Paullinus rushed back from Wales and set about evacuating Londinium (London). He guessed (correctly) that it would be the Britons next target.
Boudicca and her army destroyed Londinium and then attacked Verulamium (St Albans), destroying that city too.
Some people believe that more than 70,000 people were killed in the attacks on Camulodunum, 

 

The Roman army in Britain regrouped in the Midlands and finally defeated the Britons in the Battle of Watling Street.

 
 
Roman cavalry was released which promptly encircled the enemy and began their slaughter from the rear. Seemingly mad with blood lust, Tacitus records that 80,000 Britons; men, women and children, were killed. The Roman losses amounted to 400 dead with a slightly larger number wounded.
 
Boudica was not killed in the battle but took poison rather than be taken alive by the Romans.
 

Alfred Lord Tennyson, the Victorian poet, wrote a poe(continued)

next saturday good epsiode i  think

Taj Mahal
 
Commissioned in 1632 by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan to house the tomb of his third wife, Mumtaz Mahal, the Taj Mahal stands on the southern bank of the Yamuna River. The mausoleum is widely recognized as "the jewel of Muslim art in India" and remains as one of the world’s most celebrated structures and a symbol of India’s rich history.[6]
 

 
 
, Mumtaz Mahal,                                           Mughal emperor Shah Jahan
 
 

 
 
Shah Jahan promoted the use of white marble inlaid with semi-precious stones, and buildings under his patronage reached new levels of refinement.[22]
 
Great site with vedeo worth seeing
The Taj Mahal - Facts & Summary - HISTORY.com
 
 
 
Sphinx
 
The largest and most famous sphinx is the Great Sphinx of Giza, situated at theGiza Plateau adjacent to the Great Pyramids of Giza on the west bank of theNile River and facing due east (
 WikiMiniAtlas
 
29°58′31″N 31°08′15″E). The sphinx is located to the east of and below the pyramids
 
 

 

The Sphinx was carved from the bedrock of the Giza plateau, a single ridge of limestone that is 73 meters long and 20 meters high.

It was only in 1905 when the sand was cleared away to expose the full body of the Sphinx, before that, the Sphinx was covered in sand.

 
he missing nose; It was first believe that the Sphinx lost its nose to Napoleons men, but 18th century drawings reveal that the nose of the Sphinx was missing before Napoleon’s arrival, it is believed that the nose of the Sphinx was shot off by the Turks.  Urban Myth  there were pics of sphinx before he came  without noise
 

The Sphinx is oriented due east facing the rising sun near the 30th parallel.

There are three passages into or under the Sphinx, the “Tomb of Osiris” is one of the most incredible discoveries linked to the Sphinx, located 95 feet below the surface behind the back of the Sphinx. It is believed to be the resting place of Egyptian God Osiris.

 

 
 
Eiffel Tower
 
 
 Erected in 1889 as the entrance arch to the 1889 World's Fair, it was initially criticised by some of France's leading artists and intellectuals for its design, but has become both a global cultural icon of France and one of the most recognizable structures in the world.[1] The tower is the tallest structure in Paris and the most-visited paid monument in the world; 6.98 million people ascended it in 2011.[2] The tower received its 250 millionth visitor in 2010.[2]
 
Gustave Eiffel 
                                                                             
The projected tower had been a subject of some controversy, attracting criticism from both those who did not believe that it was feasible and those who objected on artistic grounds, 
Gustave Eiffel responded to these criticisms by comparing his tower to the Egyptian Pyramids: "My tower will be the tallest edifice ever erected by man. Will it not also be grandiose in its way? And why would something admirable in Egypt become hideous and ridiculous in Paris?
 
When construction of the tower began on the Champs de Mars, a group of 300 artists, sculptors, writers and architects sent a petition " that would dominate Paris like a "gigantic black smo(continued)

next episode  16th march

William the Conqueror (c.1028 - c.1087)
 

Early in 1066, Edward, king of England died and Harold, Earl of Wessex was crowned king. William was furious, claiming that in 1051 Edward, a distant cousin, had promised him the throne and that Harold had later sworn to support that claim.
 
The first years of William's reign were spent crushing resistance and securing his borders, which he did with ruthless efficiency. 
 
Horrible Histories  How William the Conqueror  came to England
Horrible histories battle of Hastings - YouTube
The Domesday Book
 
 
Based on the Domesday survey of 1085-6, which was drawn up on the orders of King William I, it describes in remarkable detail, the landholdings and resources of late 11th-century England, 
 
Providing definitive proof of rights to land and obligations to tax and military service, its 913 pages and two million Latin words describe more than 13,000 places in England and parts of Wales. Nicknamed the 'Domesday' Book by the native English, after God's final Day of Judgement
 

 
Richard the Lionheart
 
As king, Richard's chief ambition was to join the Third Crusade, prompted by Saladin's capture of Jerusalem in 1187. To finance this, he sold sheriffdoms and other offices and in 1190 he departed for the Holy Land.

 
 Although he came close, Jerusalem, the crusade's main objective, eluded him. Moreover, fierce quarrels among the French, German and English contingents provided further troubles. After a year's stalemate, Richard made a truce with Saladin and started his journey home
 

Richard the lion heart video
Horrible Histories King Richard I - YouTube
 
 Richard, became king. John received titles, lands and money, but this was not enough. In October 1190, Richard recognised his nephew, Arthur, as his heir. Three years later, when Richard was imprisoned in Germany, John tried to seize control. He was unsuccessful and, when Richard returned in early 1194, was banished. The two were soon reconciled and, when Arthur was captured by Philip II in 1196, Richard named John heir
 
Richard the lion heart death video
 
Horrible Histories Stupid Deaths Richard The Lion Heart - YouTube
 
 King john
In 1199, Richard died and John became king.
 

 
 his government became increasingly ruthless and efficient in its financial administration. Taxes soared and he began to exploit his feudal rights ever more harshly.
 
This bred increasing baronial discontent. Negotiations between John and his barons failed and civil war broke out in May 1215. When the rebels seized London, John was compelled to negotiate further and, on 19 June at Runnymede on the River Thames, he accepted the baronial terms embodied in the Magna Carta

 
King john hoorible histories 
Horrible Histories New Song - Epic Magna Carta Rap Battle - CBBC - YouTube
 
Megna Carta  HH song 
Horrible Histories Song NEW! - Magna Carta 800 Years Song - CBBC - YouTube
 
king John   HH Chatty death
Horrible Histories Stupid Deaths: King John I OF England - YouTube

NEXT EPSIODE FEB 24
 
Accidental Inventions
 
Crisps
George Crum
 
George Crum (born George Speck;[1] c. 1828 – July 22, 1914)[2] was a mixed-race African/Native American trapper and guide in the Adirondacks, who became renowned for his culinary skills after becoming a cook and restaurant owner in Saratoga Springs, New York. By 1860 he owned Crum's House, a popular lakeside restaurant in nearby Malta.
 
 
 
       
Hotel chef George Crum enjoyed a wonderful knack for cooking. From his kitchen at Moon's Lake House near Saratoga Springs, N.Y., Mr. Crum could "take anything edible and transform it into a dish fit for a king." That skill came in handy – the upscale Lake House attracted customers who were used to being treated like kings.
In 1853, a cranky guest complained about Crum's fried potatoes. They were too thick, he said. Too soggy and bland. The patron demanded a new batch.
Crum did not take this well. He decided to play a trick on the diner. The chef sliced a potato paper-thin, fried it until a fork could shatter the thing, and then purposefully over-salted his new creation. The persnickety guest will hate this, he thought. But the plan backfired. The guy loved it! He ordered a second serving.
 

The first potato chip factory was built in 1895 by William Tappenden in Cleveland, OH. He funded the remodeling of his barn into a factory with the profits he made by delivering potato chips to grocery stores.
It takes 1,000 pounds of potatoes to make 350 pounds of potato chips.


Pringles are made from mashed potatoes that have been dehydrated and reconstituted into a dough.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wbbsbE2mQuA
 
Super glue
 
Harry Coover
 

Super Glue, also known as cyanoacrylate, was originally discovered in 1942 by Dr. Harry Coover, who by the way died last month on March 26th, 2011.  Coover was attempting to make clear plastic gun sights to be put on guns used by Allied soldiers in WWII.  One particular formulation he came up with didn’t work well for gun sights, but worked fantastically as an extremely quick bonding adhesive.
 
 
X RAYS
 
The first X-ray device was discovered accidentally by the German scientist Wilhelm Roentgen (1845-1923) in 1895. He found that a cathode-ray tube emitted invisible rays that could penetrate paper and wood. The rays caused a screen of fluorescent material several yards away to glow. Roentgen used his device to examine the bone structure of the human hand.
 
   First x ray photo                                                         Wilhelm Röntgen
 

Upon their discovery in 1895, X-rays were advertised as the new scientific wonder and were seized upon by entertainers. Circus patrons could view their own skeletons and were given pictures of their own bony hands wearing silhouetted jewelry. Many people were fascinated by this discovery. Some people, however, feared that it would allow strangers to look through walls and doors and eliminate privacy.HOW X RAYS WORK SHORT VIDEo
X Rays Work - YouTube
 
MICROWAVE
 
 
 
In 1945, the American engineer, Percy Spencer was carrying out maintenance work on a live radar set. Whilst working within close proximity to the radar equipment, he felt a tingling sensation throughout his body and noticed that a chocolate bar in his pocket had completely melted. After some investigation he determined that it was the microwaves being emitted by the magnetron tube in the radar set which had caused the chocolate to get warm enough to melt.
Percy Spencer experimented further by directing the magnetron tube at kerne(continued)

new episiode early feb 
 
 
 
 
Transatlantic crossings
 
 
 
 
History[edit]
Packet ships (1812–1838)[edit]




The England, a packet ship of the Black Ball Line


The modern era of "liners" was established by the Black Ball Line which began operation in 1818. The packet ships were contracted by governments to carry mail and also carried passengers and timely items such as newspapers. Up till this point there were no regular passages advertised by sailing ships. They arrived at port when they could, dependent on the wind, and left when they were loaded, frequently visiting other ports to complete their cargo
 
 
 
Paddlers
 
 



The Sirius is considered the first Blue Riband holder for her 1838 voyage to New York at 8.03 knots (14.87 km/h).





In 1843, Great Western recorded a Blue Riband voyage of 10.03 knots (18.58 km/h).


In 1832, Junius Smith, American lawyer turned London merchant, published the idea of building a line of transatlantic
 
Single srew
 
 
Single screw steamers (1872–89)[edit]




White Star's Adriatic by George Parker Greenwood. She was the first screw liner  to    win the Blue Riband with an 1872 run at 14.65 knots (27.13 km/h)





 



In 1845, Brunel’s Great Britain became the first iron-hulled screw liner on the Atlantic. Starting in 1850, the Inman Line built numerous reduced versions for the steerage trade
 
 
 Cunard's Etruria of 1885, averaged 19.56 knots (36.23 km/h) on an 1888 Blue Riband crossing                                                                                
Inman's City of Paris broke 20.01 knots (37.06 km/h) in 1889                                                                                                                             
 
 Double screw  streamers 1887  1907 
 
 

Cunard's Mauretania held the Blue Riband from 1909 to 1929 at 26.06 knots (48.26 km/h
 

Cunard White Star's Queen Mary regained the Blue Riband at 30.99 knots (57.39 km/h) in 1938.
 
 

The United States won the Blue Riband at 34.51 knots (63.91 km/h) in 1952. Formally, she still holds the title
 
 
cables
 
When the first transatlantic telegraph cable was laid in 1858 by businessman Cyrus West Field, it operated for only three weeks; subsequent attempts in 1865 and 1866 were more successful. Although a telephone cable was discussed starting in the 1920s[citation needed], to be practical it needed a number of technological advances which did not arrive until the 1940s.[citation needed] Starting in 1927, transatlantic telephone service was radio-based.[1]
TAT-1 (Transatlantic No. 1) was the first transatlantic telephone cable system. It was laid(continued)

 
Writer and broadcaster Georgi Markov has died of blood poisoning, four days after he said he was stabbed with an umbrella at a London bus stop.
Scotland Yard said they are treating his death as suspicious and samples of his blood have been sent to the Porton Down Germ Warfare Centre for examination.
 
 
 

Estimates of world population for various points in history have been a subject of study for many years. Many authoritative sources exist for historical population estimates (e.g. U.S. Census estimates of historical world population). This article lists many of these estimates. Estimates previous to the year 10,000 BC can be made only from archaeological evidence.
The last point in which Homo sapiens hit a dangerous low, coming close to extinction, was at approximately 70,000 BC during the Toba catastrophe. The University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign estimates human world population (Homo sapiens in Africa) between 1,000 and 10,000 breeding couples.[
 

 
 http://galen.metapath.org/popclk.html
On writting this world pop was 7,106,540,659
 
Happy days
 

Happy Days is an American television sitcom that aired first-run from January 15, 1974, to September 24, 1984, on ABC. Created by Garry Marshall, the series presents an idealized vision of life in the mid-1950s to mid-1960s United States.[1]

The series was produced by Miller-Milkis Productions (Miller-Milkis-Boyett Productions in later years) and Henderson Productions in association with Paramount Television. Happy Days is one of the highest-rated shows of the 1970s.

 

 
 
 
Susan B Anthony

 
Susan Brownell Anthony (February 15, 1820 – March 13, 1906) was an American social reformer who played a pivotal role in the women's suffrage movement. Born into a Quaker family committed to social equality, she collected anti-slavery petitions at the age of 17. In 1856, she became the New York state agent for the American Anti-Slavery Society.