Ben Franklin's World Airwave Media

Early America was a diverse place. A significant part of this diversity came from the fact that there were at least 1,000 different Indigenous tribes and nations living in different areas of North America before the Spanish and other European empires arrived on the continent’s shores.
 Diane Hunter and John Bickers join us to investigate the history and culture of one of these distinct Indigenous tribes: the Myaamia. At the time of this recording, Diane Hunter was the Tribal Historic Preservation Officer for the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma. She has since retired from that position. John Bickers is an Assistant Professor of History at Case Western Reserve University in Ohio. Both Diane and John are citizens of the Miami Tribe of Oklahoma and experts in Myaamia history and culture.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/372



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Williamsburg Email Lists The Power of Place: The Centennial Campaign for Colonial Williamsburg
Complementary Episodes
Episode 029: Colin Calloway, The Victory with No Name: The Native American Defeat of the First American Army Episode 223: Susan Sleeper-Smith, A Native American History of the Ohio River Valley & Great Lakes Region Episode 290: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 1: Before 1620 Episode 291: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 2: 1620 and Beyond Episode 297: Claudio Saunt, Indian Removal Act of 1830 Episode 323: Michael Witgen, American Expansion and the Political Economy of Plunder Episode 362: David W. Penney, Treaties Between the US & American Indian Nations Episode 367: The Brafferton Indian School, Part 1 Episode 368: The Brafferton Indian School, Part 2: Legacies
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Long before European arrival in the Americas, Indigenous people and nations practiced enslavement. Their version of enslavement looked different from the version Christopher Columbus and his fellow Europeans practiced, but Indigenous slavery also shared many similarities with the Euro-American practice of African Chattel Slavery.
While there is no way to measure the exact impact of slavery upon the Indigenous peoples of the Americas, we do know the practice involved many millions of Indigenous people who were captured, bound, and sold as enslaved people.
Estevan Rael-Gálvez, Executive Director of Native Bound-Unbound: Archive of Indigenous Slavery, joins us to discuss the digital project Native Bound-Unbound: Archive of Indigenous Slavery.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/371



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial Williamsburg Email Lists  The Power of Place: The Centennial Campaign for Colonial Williamsburg  

Complementary Episodes
Episode 008: Greg O'Malley, Final Passages: The Intercolonial Slave Trade of British America Episode 139: Andrés Reséndez, The Other Slavery Episode 184: David J. Silverman, Thundersticks: Firearms and the Violence Transformation of Native America Episode 197: Brett Rushforth, Native American Slavery in New France Episode 220: Margaret Ellen Newell, New England Indians, Colonists, and Origins of Slavery Episode 367: The Brafferton Indian School, Part 1 Episode 368: The Brafferton Indian School, Part 2: Legacies  
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Happy Halloween! In honor of the 31st of October and All Hallows Eve, we investigate a historical incident of witches and witchcraft in Springfield, Massachusetts in 1651.
Malcolm Gaskill, Emeritus Professor of Early Modern History at the University of East Anglia in Norwich, England, and one of the leading experts in the history of witchcraft, joins us to discuss details from his new book, The Ruin of All Witches: Life and Death in the New World.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/370



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation Colonial WIlliamsburg Email Lists "I made this": Black Artists & Artisans Conference, November 10-11, 2023
Complementary Episodes
Episode 049: Malcolm Gaskill, How the English Became American Episode 053: Emerson W. Baker, A Storm of Witchcraft Episode 192: Brian Regal, The Secret History of the New Jersey Devil Episode 225: Elaine Forman Crane, The Poison Plot: Adultery & Murder in Colonial Newport Episode 341: Mairi Cowan, Possession and Exorcism in New France
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Establishing colonies in North America took an astonishing amount of work. Colonists had to clear trees, eventually remove stumps from newly cleared fields, plant crops to eat and sell, weed and tend those crops, and then they had to harvest crops, and get the crops they intended to sell to the nearest market town, and that was just some of the work involved to establish colonial farms.
Colonists did not often perform this work on their own. They enlisted the help of children and neighbors, purchased enslaved people, and used animals.
Undra Jeter is the Bill and Jean Lane Director of Coach and Livestock at the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation. He joins us to explore the animals English and British colonists brought with them to North America and used to build, run, and sustain their colonial farms and cities. Animals provided many benefits to early Americans, so Undra also shares information about the Colonial Williamsburg Foundation’s efforts to bring back the population numbers of some of these historic animal breeds through its rare breeds program.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/369



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation “I made this”: Black Artists & Artisans Conference, November 10-11, 2023  Factor Meals, Save 50 percent by using benfranklin50
Complementary Episodes
Episode 067: John Ryan Fischer, An Environmental History of Early California & Hawaii Episode 168: Andrea Smalley, Wild By Nature: Colonists and Animals in North America Episode 187: Kenneth Cohen, Sport in Early America Episode 234: Richard Bushman, Farms & Farm Families in Early America Episode 275: Ingrid Tague, Pets in Early America
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The Brafferton Indian School has a long and complicated legacy. Chartered with the College of William & Mary in 1693, the Brafferton Indian School’s purpose was to educate young Indigenous boys in the ways of English religion, language, and culture. The Brafferton performed this work for more than 70 years, between the arrival of its first students in 1702 and when the last documented student left the school in 1778. 
This second episode in our 2-episode series about the Brafferton Indian School will focus on the legacy of the Brafferton Indian School and how it and other colonial-era Indian Schools established models for the schools the United States government and religious institutions established during the Indian Boarding School Era. 
As one of the architects of these later Boarding Schools, Richard Henry Pratt, stated, the purpose of these boarding schools was to “kill the Indian and save the man.” Pratt meant that the United States government desired to assimilate and fully Americanize Indigenous children so there would be no more Native Americans. 
But Indigenous peoples are resilient, and they have resisted American attempts to extinguish their cultures. So we’ll also hear from three tribal citizens in Virginia who are working in different ways to reawaken long-dormant aspects of their Indigenous cultures.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/368



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation The American Indian Initiative at Colonial Williamsburg  William & Mary, Brafferton Initiative William & Mary October 28th Lecture: Ned Blackhawk, “The Indigenous Origins of the American Revolution”
Complementary Episodes
Episode 290: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 1: Before 1620 Episode 291: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 2: 1620 and Beyond Episode 310: Rosalyn LaPier, History of the Blackfeet Episode 314: Colin Calloway, Native Americans in Early American Cities Episode 343: Music and Song in Native North America Episode 353: Brooke Bauer, Women and the Making of Catawba Identity Episode 367: The Brafferton Indian School, Part 1  
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In 1693, King William III and Queen Mary II of England granted a royal charter for two institutions of higher education in the Colony of Virginia. The first institution was the College of William & Mary. The second institution was the Indian School at William & Mary, known from 1723 to the present as the Brafferton Indian School.
The history of the Brafferton Indian School is a story of power, trade, land, and culture. It’s an Indigenous story. It’s also a story of English, later British, colonialism.
Over the next two episodes, we will investigate the Brafferton Indian School and the stories it tells about power, trade, land, culture, and colonialism in early America. We’ll also explore the legacy of the Brafferton and other colonial Indian schools by examining the connections between these schools and the creation of the Indian Boarding Schools that operated within the United States between the mid-nineteenth and mid-twentieth centuries.
In this episode, we focus on the history and origins of the Brafferton Indian School.
Show Notes: https://www.benfranklinsworld.com/367



Sponsor Links
Colonial Williamsburg Foundation The American Indian Initiative at Colonial Williamsburg William & Mary, Brafferton Initiative William & Mary October 28th Lecture: Ned Blackhawk, “The Indigenous Origins of the American Revolution”
Complementary Episodes
Episode 104: Andrew Lipman, The Saltwater Frontier: Native Americans and Colonists on the Northeastern Coast Episode 132: Coll Thrush, Indigenous London Episode 171: Jessica Stern, Native Americans, British Colonists, and Trade in North America Episode 290: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 1: Before 1620 Episode 291: The World of the Wampanoag, Part 2: 1620 and Beyond Episode 310: Rosalyn LaPier, History of the Blackfeet Episode 314: Colin Calloway, Native Americans in Early American Cities Episode 353: Brooke Bauer, Women and the Making of Catawba Identity  
Listen!
Apple Podcasts Spotify Google Podcasts Amazon Music Ben Franklin's World iOS App Ben Franklin's World Android App
Helpful Links
Join the Ben Franklin's World Facebook Group Ben Franklin’s World Twitter: @BFWorldPodcast Ben Franklin's World Facebook Page Sign-up for the Franklin Gazette Newsletter