Glossarium - Glossário TPM 2021.9 Teoria Política Moderna 2021.9

hevelyn ghizzi

Texto e voz por Axel Rogério da Silva


Anarchists are various groups of individuals that search to break free from the psycho ideological oppression caused by the hierarchical authoritarian entities. There are anarchical subdivisions with their own rejections, such as:

Anarcho capitalism: Fully rejects the State imposition, however it remains faithful to capitalism and private property.

Anarcho communism: Rejects not only the State and its laws but capitalism, private property and the current labor system as well.

Anarcho feminism: Which rejects the imposition and control of the patriarchy.

Anarcho primitivism: Rejects technology, the great causative agent of environmental, political and social disasters.

Despite their specificities, anarchists converge on the search of freeing themselves from the coercive ties that stops them from developing their own natural existence. In order to achieve this natural existence, they end up using freed, a tool that will provide a complete liberation of the individual. The anarchist methods begin with education and rebellion to posteriorly provoke a revolution in society and its current system, after this anarchist revolution, society would walk on the right path, in other words, would be progressing and existing in the utopic-designed way. Therefore, by anarchy it is understandable the perception of existence of repression caused by men and the need to overcome or exterminate them, so humans can worry only about their natural obstacles.

Texto por Letícia, Voz por Axel Rogério da Silva 





The concept of republic is counterpoised to monarchy, instead of hereditary power, the power is achieved through the vote - in a direct or indirect manner. The Head of State can be a person or a group of people, nevertheless, it's worth mentioning that the concept of republic has changed over time. First of all, the Republic, in ancient Rome, was treated as an organization that excluded the kings - in other words, something of the people - in which res republica means public thing. With Cicero, the republic became counterpoised to unjust Governments, because it was the only way for a community to assert its justice. The Cicero's concept arrived into the Middle Ages, when the Republics were small and christian, having two powers: the Church and the Empire. In the Modern Age, the republic secularization happens, but the cicerian concept remains. With the monarchy and the aristocracy, the Republic was counterpoised to anarchy or violent regimes. In the Modern Age the constitution became a fundamental part of a republic, achieving an ideal of Cicero's practical reason.

Still in the Modern Age, with Maquiavelli and later with Montesquieu, a trinity of government forms was established: Monarchy, Republic (aristocracy and democracy) and Despotism - and in this typology a qualitative criterion was used, with several factors. According to these factors, a Republic must be small with relative equality, with the source of laws and social integration that must come through the virtue of the citizens who need to put the State above self-interest. Basically, in the Republic, the political order is born from below. It's worth pointing out, finally, that there are authoritarian regimes that are more republican in theory than in practice.

LETICIA LOPES

stanley 

VITOR RISSATTI