Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST‪)‬ Machine Learning Street Talk (MLST)

Professor Chris Bishop is a Technical Fellow and Director at Microsoft Research AI4Science, in Cambridge. He is also Honorary Professor of Computer Science at the University of Edinburgh, and a Fellow of Darwin College, Cambridge. In 2004, he was elected Fellow of the Royal Academy of Engineering, in 2007 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh, and in 2017 he was elected Fellow of the Royal Society. Chris was a founding member of the UK AI Council, and in 2019 he was appointed to the Prime Minister’s Council for Science and Technology.



At Microsoft Research, Chris oversees a global portfolio of industrial research and development, with a strong focus on machine learning and the natural sciences.

Chris obtained a BA in Physics from Oxford, and a PhD in Theoretical Physics from the University of Edinburgh, with a thesis on quantum field theory.



Chris's contributions to the field of machine learning have been truly remarkable. He has authored (what is arguably) the original textbook in the field - 'Pattern Recognition and Machine Learning' (PRML) which has served as an essential reference for countless students and researchers around the world, and that was his second textbook after his highly acclaimed first textbook Neural Networks for Pattern Recognition.



Recently, Chris has co-authored a new book with his son, Hugh, titled 'Deep Learning: Foundations and Concepts.' This book aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the key ideas and techniques underpinning the rapidly evolving field of deep learning. It covers both the foundational concepts and the latest advances, making it an invaluable resource for newcomers and experienced practitioners alike.



Buy Chris' textbook here:

https://amzn.to/3vvLcCh



More about Prof. Chris Bishop:

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher_Bishop

https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/people/cmbishop/



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TOC:

00:00:00 - Intro to Chris

00:06:54 - Changing Landscape of AI

00:08:16 - Symbolism

00:09:32 - PRML

00:11:02 - Bayesian Approach

00:14:49 - Are NNs One Model or Many, Special vs General

00:20:04 - Can Language Models Be Creative

00:22:35 - Sparks of AGI

00:25:52 - Creativity Gap in LLMs

00:35:40 - New Deep Learning Book

00:39:01 - Favourite Chapters

00:44:11 - Probability Theory

00:45:42 - AI4Science

00:48:31 - Inductive Priors

00:58:52 - Drug Discovery

01:05:19 - Foundational Bias Models

01:07:46 - How Fundamental Is Our Physics Knowledge?

01:12:05 - Transformers

01:12:59 - Why Does Deep Learning Work?

01:16:59 - Inscrutability of NNs

01:18:01 - Example of Simulator

01:21:09 - Control

Dr. Philip Ball is a freelance science writer. He just wrote a book called "How Life Works", discussing the how the science of Biology has advanced in the last 20 years. We focus on the concept of Agency in particular.



He trained as a chemist at the University of Oxford, and as a physicist at the University of Bristol. He worked previously at Nature for over 20 years, first as an editor for physical sciences and then as a consultant editor. His writings on science for the popular press have covered topical issues ranging from cosmology to the future of molecular biology.



YT: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n6nxUiqiz9I



Transcript link on YT description



Philip is the author of many popular books on science, including H2O: A Biography of Water, Bright Earth: The Invention of Colour, The Music Instinct and Curiosity: How Science Became Interested in Everything. His book Critical Mass won the 2005 Aventis Prize for Science Books, while Serving the Reich was shortlisted for the Royal Society Winton Science Book Prize in 2014.



This is one of Tim's personal favourite MLST shows, so we have designated it a special edition. Enjoy!



Buy Philip's book "How Life Works" here: https://amzn.to/3vSmNqp



Support MLST:
Please support us on Patreon. We are entirely funded from Patreon donations right now. Patreon supports get private discord access, biweekly calls, early-access + exclusive content and lots more.
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Dr. Paul Lessard and his collaborators have written a paper on "Categorical Deep Learning and Algebraic Theory of Architectures". They aim to make neural networks more interpretable, composable and amenable to formal reasoning. The key is mathematical abstraction, as exemplified by category theory - using monads to develop a more principled, algebraic approach to structuring neural networks.



We also discussed the limitations of current neural network architectures in terms of their ability to generalise and reason in a human-like way. In particular, the inability of neural networks to do unbounded computation equivalent to a Turing machine. Paul expressed optimism that this is not a fundamental limitation, but an artefact of current architectures and training procedures.



The power of abstraction - allowing us to focus on the essential structure while ignoring extraneous details. This can make certain problems more tractable to reason about. Paul sees category theory as providing a powerful "Lego set" for productively thinking about many practical problems.



Towards the end, Paul gave an accessible introduction to some core concepts in category theory like categories, morphisms, functors, monads etc. We explained how these abstract constructs can capture essential patterns that arise across different domains of mathematics.



Paul is optimistic about the potential of category theory and related mathematical abstractions to put AI and neural networks on a more robust conceptual foundation to enable interpretability and reasoning. However, significant theoretical and engineering challenges remain in realising this vision.



Please support us on Patreon. We are entirely funded from Patreon donations right now.

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Links:

Categorical Deep Learning: An Algebraic Theory of Architectures

Bruno Gavranović, Paul Lessard, Andrew Dudzik,

Tamara von Glehn, João G. M. Araújo, Petar Veličković

Paper: https://categoricaldeeplearning.com/



Symbolica:

https://twitter.com/symbolica

https://www.symbolica.ai/



Dr. Paul Lessard (Principal Scientist - Symbolica)

https://www.linkedin.com/in/paul-roy-lessard/



Interviewer: Dr. Tim Scarfe



TOC:

00:00:00 - Intro

00:05:07 - What is the category paper all about

00:07:19 - Composition

00:10:42 - Abstract Algebra

00:23:01 - DSLs for machine learning

00:24:10 - Inscrutibility

00:29:04 - Limitations with current NNs

00:30:41 - Generative code / NNs don't recurse

00:34:34 - NNs are not Turing machines (special edition)

00:53:09 - Abstraction

00:55:11 - Category theory objects

00:58:06 - Cat theory vs number theory

00:59:43 - Data and Code are one in the same

01:08:05 - Syntax and semantics

01:14:32 - Category DL elevator pitch

01:17:05 - Abstraction again

01:20:25 - Lego set for the universe

01:23:04 - Reasoning

01:28:05 - Category theory 101

01:37:42 - Monads

01:45:59 - Where to learn more cat theory

Dr. Minqi Jiang and Dr. Marc Rigter explain an innovative new method to make the intelligence of agents more general-purpose by training them to learn many worlds before their usual goal-directed training, which we call "reinforcement learning".

Their new paper is called "Reward-free curricula for training robust world models" https://arxiv.org/pdf/2306.09205.pdf

https://twitter.com/MinqiJiang
https://twitter.com/MarcRigter

Interviewer: Dr. Tim Scarfe

Please support us on Patreon, Tim is now doing MLST full-time and taking a massive financial hit. If you love MLST and want this to continue, please show your support! In return you get access to shows very early and private discord and networking. https://patreon.com/mlst

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MLST Discord: https://discord.gg/machine-learning-street-talk-mlst-937356144060530778

Nick Chater is Professor of Behavioural Science at Warwick Business School, who works on rationality and language using a range of theoretical and experimental approaches. We discuss his books The Mind is Flat, and the Language Game.



Please support me on Patreon (this is now my main job!) - https://patreon.com/mlst - Access the private Discord, networking, and early access to content.

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Buy The Language Game:

https://amzn.to/3SRHjPm



Buy The Mind is Flat:

https://amzn.to/3P3BUUC



YT version: https://youtu.be/5cBS6COzLN4



https://www.wbs.ac.uk/about/person/nick-chater/

https://twitter.com/nickjchater?lang=en

See what Sam Altman advised Kenneth when he left OpenAI! Professor Kenneth Stanley has just launched a brand new type of social network, which he calls a "Serendipity network". The idea is that you follow interests, NOT people. It's a social network without the popularity contest. We discuss the phgilosophy and technology behind the venture in great detail. The main ideas of which came from Kenneth's famous book "Why greatness cannot be planned".



See what Sam Altman advised Kenneth when he left OpenAI! Professor Kenneth Stanley has just launched a brand new type of social network, which he calls a "Serendipity network".The idea is that you follow interests, NOT people. It's a social network without the popularity contest.


YT version: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pWIrXN-yy8g



Chapters should be baked into the MP3 file now


MLST public Discord: https://discord.gg/machine-learning-street-talk-mlst-937356144060530778

Please support our work on Patreon - get access to interviews months early, private Patreon, networking, exclusive content and regular calls with Tim and Keith.
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Get Maven here:
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Kenneth:
https://twitter.com/kenneth0stanley
https://www.kenstanley.net/home

Host - Tim Scarfe:
https://www.linkedin.com/in/ecsquizor/
https://www.mlst.ai/

Original MLST show with Kenneth:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lhYGXYeMq_E

Tim explains the book more here:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wNhaz81OOqw