Right Up Your Algae Clara Ryan and Emily Dawe

Let us close this ever-important month off with a spotlight on black conservationists that inspire us. This episode gives a short history of black people's place in North American and African conservation and hopes to give recognition to some incredible people who are helping change the world.
Black Myths Podcast
PBS podcasts
Meet the Black Mambas, South Africa’s all-female anti-poaching unit: https://www.nationalgeographic.co.uk/travel/2021/03/meet-the-black-mambas-south-africas-all-female-anti-poaching-unit
Black Mambas Anti-Poaching Unit: https://www.helpingrhinos.org/black-mambas/
Painted Dog Conservation: https://www.tusk.org/projects/painted-dog-conservation/
Conservation and wildlife: https://www.oxfordbibliographies.com/display/document/obo-9780199846733/obo-9780199846733-0022.xml
Conserving while black: https://www.fws.gov/story/conserving-while-black-breaking-down-barriers-conservation-community
Brown Girl Outdoor World: https://browngirloutdoorworld.com/partners-2/
The Manatee Man: https://www.pbs.org/wnet/nature/podcast/meet-the-manatee-man/

In this week's episode, Emily and Clara look at some recent discoveries in the science world. Learn about topics ranging from mining waste to White Rhino IVF practices to why it seems like birds don't want you to sleep in.
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Find our resources:
 https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00264-9#ref-CR1
https://www.nationalobserver.com/2023/12/18/opinion/digging-deep-healthy-soil-farming
https://www.edenseven.co.uk/what-does-a-tonne-of-co2-look-like#:~:text=Translating%20CO2%20into%20activities&text=For%20example%2C%20one%20tonne%20of,500%20litres%20of%20Diesel%20consumed
https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-024-00071-2#ref-CR4
https://besjournals.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/1365-2745.14145?_ga=2.238070528.14054478.1707235110-2080811654.1707235110
https://www.bbc.com/news/science-environment-68064432

This week Clara and Emily travel to the lush nation of Columbia! In this beautiful country you'll find ugly river dolphins, condors, manatees and... cocaine hippos? Introduced by Pablo Escobar is the Columbian hippo, the worlds largest invasive species. Listen along to learn the difficulties of castrating a hippo, a strange take on rewilding, and why you shouldn't eat hippo meat.

A Case for Hippos in Columbia: file:///C:/Users/emily/Downloads/TheCaseForHipposinColombia.pdf
Colombian Hippos and Species Management: https://www.mdpi.com/2075-471X/12/2/29#B30-laws-12-00029
Removing Pablo Escobar’s hippos from Colombia to cost $3.5m: https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2023/3/30/removing-pablo-escobars-hippos-from-colombia-to-cost-3-5m#:~:text=Scientists%20warn%20the%20hippos%20do,animals%20a%20toxic%20invasive%20species.
Pablo Escobar: Why scientists want to kill Colombia's hippos: https://www.bbc.com/news/world-latin-america-56011594
In Colombia, Escobar’s hippos spawn another problem: Wildlife trafficking: https://news.mongabay.com/2022/02/in-colombia-escobars-hippos-spawn-another-problem-wildlife-trafficking/
Animalista, Narco-Cultural, Conservacionista. Visions of Nature Around the Case of Hippos in Colombia: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12304-023-09541-y
Pablo Escobar's "cocaine hippos" won't stop multiplying. Colombia wants to move dozens of them out of the country: https://www.cbsnews.com/news/pablo-escobar-cocaine-hippos-colombia-wants-to-transfer-dozens-populaion-control/
Pablo Escobar's feral hippos face cull in Colombia: https://www.bbc.com/news/67306304
Rapid population growth and high management costs have created a narrow window for control of introduced hippos in Colombia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC10106455/

Clara and Emily are taking root this year on new and interesting topics. Your favourite podcasters are back and here to share the wonders of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), their fascinating punishment-reward relationship with plants, and how the agricultural industry can benefit from these fungi.
Mechanisms underlying beneficial plant-fungus interactions in mycorrhizal symbiosis - Scientific Figure on ResearchGate. Available from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Hyphopodium-adhesion-to-the-root-epidermis-in-arbuscular-mycorrhizas-A-top-view-of-the_fig2_47545096 [accessed 13 Jan, 2024]

https://www.nature.com/articles/nrmicro1987

https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2019.02904#:~:text=For%20hyphal%20length%20in%20soil,strain%20with%200.8%20%CE%BCm2.

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/227672792_Brundrett_M_C_-_Coevolution_of_roots_and_mycorrhizas_of_land_plants_New_Phytologist?enrichId=rgreq-cb7693a731a3aa68d3bf2396eafc2e93-XXX&enrichSource=Y292ZXJQYWdlOzIyNzY3Mjc5MjtBUzo1NTQyNjM4NzgwOTQ4NDhAMTUwOTE1ODIxNDU4MQ%3D%3D&el=1_x_2&_esc=publicationCoverPdf
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00344-014-9414-4

Shalaby AM and Hanna MM (1998). Preliminary studies on interactions between VA mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae, Bradyrhizobium japonicum and Pseudomonas syringae in soybean plants. Acta Microbiol Pol 47:385 – 391.

The November 2023 edition of Biosphere Bulletin! Your trusty hosts discuss carbon neutrality, an elephant mystery being solved, and so much more in this week's episode of Right up your Algae. To let us know your thoughts or to suggest an episode topic email ruyapodcast@outlook.com
A singular shark bitter taste receptor provides insights into the evolution of bitter taste perception. 10.1073/pnas.2310347120
Evolution of taste: Early sharks were able to perceive bitter substances: https://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2023/11/231113155215.htm
Conservation successes and challenges for wide-ranging sharks and rays: https://www.pnas.org/doi/epdf/10.1073/pnas.2216891120
B.C., Ottawa, First Nations announce conservation agreement: https://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/british-columbia/nature-agreement-bc-ottawa-1-billion-conservation-1.7017562
One solution to the plastic crisis may lie in bugs' bellies: https://www.washingtonpost.com/climate-solutions/2023/11/17/plastic-eating-bugs-recycling-pollution/
Africa’s first carbon-removal plant stokes questions about responsible climate solutions: https://www.nbcnews.com/science/environment/africas-first-carbon-removal-plant-stokes-questions-responsible-climat-rcna117590

Radiation, and freezing, and drought oh my! Tardigrades are resistant to all this and more. Emily shows Clara the weird and wacky side of scientific studies including one that shot tardigrades out of a gun. To learn about the only animal that can (BEAR-ly) survive in space, make sure to listen to this week's episode of right up your algae.
Tardigrades as a potential model organism in space research: https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/abs/10.1089/ast.2006.0088
New species of water bear uses fluorescent “shield” to survive lethal UV radiation:
https://www.science.org/content/article/new-species-water-bear-uses-fluorescent-shield-survive-lethal-uv-radiation
University of Florida Entomology and Nematology
https://entnemdept.ufl.edu/creatures/MISC/tardigrade.html
Tardigrade Survival Limits in High-Speed Impacts—Implications for Panspermia and Collection of Samples from Plumes Emitted by Ice Worlds
https://www.liebertpub.com/doi/full/10.1089/ast.2020.2405
Recovery and reproduction of an Antarctic tardigrade retrieved from a moss sample frozen for over 30 years
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0011224015300134
Tardigrade survive exposure to space in low Earth orbit
https://www.cell.com/current-biology/pdf/S0960-9822(08)00805-1.pdf
Survival in extreme environments – on the current knowledge of adaptations in tardigrades
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02252.x?casa_token=2d-MxR8xW0oAAAAA%3A-plyMfNz54ueBgpYNyu5CskClFbYk5RsSKht-Fzhx0a-w91sbiGTbU9NdJW68ib2MWwbsY8dmw_AmBsr