Social Determinants of Health in Cancer Care American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO)

In this episode, guest host, Dr. Christopher Cross, Director of Global Health Equity Strategies at ASCO moderates a discussion with the Dr. Ophira Ginsburg Co-Author of the Lancet Commission on women, power, and cancer and Dr. Julie Gralow, an advisor to the Commission.  Dr. Ginsburg and Dr. Gralow share their insight into social determinants of health in cancer and prevention among women and global efforts underway to advance health equity.
TRANSCRIPT

The guest on this podcast episode has no disclosures to declare.
Dr. Christopher Cross: Welcome to ASCO's Social Determinants of Health in Cancer Care Podcast. I'm Dr. Christopher Cross, Director of Global Health Equity Strategies at ASCO.
I'm joined by Dr. Ophira Ginsburg, Senior Advisor for Clinical Research Center for Global Health at the National Cancer Institute, and Dr. Julie Gralow, Chief Medical Officer, and Executive Vice President of ASCO.
In this episode, we will discuss social determinants of health, focusing on women, cancer, and prevention. Thank you both for being a part of our podcast, we're excited to have you on.
Dr. Ophira Ginsburg: Thanks so much. My pleasure.
Dr. Julie Gralow: Thanks, Chris.
Dr. Christopher Cross: So, we'd like to start the conversation with asking our guests, how do you define social determinants of health and cancer care?
Dr. Ophira Ginsburg: Well, social determinants of health, according to the World Health Organization, I'm sure as you know, is really looking at a person's background that leads them to health inequities or health inequality. So, it has to do with the conditions under which people are born, how they develop, grow, live, work, age, and all the sort of forces and systems that shape their daily living conditions.
With respect to the interaction of women and cancer with respect to the social determinants of health, as we put forward in our commission report, really, gender has an influence on all of these factors. And not just gender, but the other intersectional aspects of a person's identity that can serve to compound and influence in a negative way their opportunities to understand what their risks of cancer are, to avoid those risks, to seek and obtain respectful, prompt, timely quality cancer health services.
And this also influences the way in which women interact with the health systems for cancer as care providers, whether it's clinicians, et cetera, or also, is the unpaid caregivers, as we sometimes call them, informal workforce. There's nothing informal about it.
Dr. Julie Gralow: And I would agree with the Ophira's definition. I think of it as the environment in which people are born, live, learn, and work, and how it impacts health.
And so, that can include economic stability, education access and quality, healthcare access and quality, the neighborhood and the environment in which the person lives. And then the social community context, the family, the relationships, all of those can combine to impact health.
Dr. Christopher Cross: Thank you for those responses. What does social determinants of health for women mean at a global level, Dr. Ginsburg?
Dr. Ophira Ginsburg: Global is local. So, we see social determinants of health, and by the way, also commercial determinants of health, which would be wrong not to include in this discussion as greatly impacting the aspects of opportunities to seek and prevent cancer, et cetera, everything we just discussed; this happens also on a global level.
So, as we show in our commission report where a woman lives does greatly influence cancer incidents, mortality, survival, and also, very importantly, who that woman is in her community. Whether she's living in a circumstance situation or there are identity factors that render her structurally marginalized will impact also on her lived experience of cancer.
And we have nine stories that highlight and offer some human aspect to what people are going through, whether they're care providers or women l

In this episode, guest host, Dr. Surendra Shastri is joined by Dr. Timothy Rebbeck to discuss social determinants of health at the global level and the impact on cancer care, prevention, and control.

Dr. Surendra Shastri is a Professor, Department of Health Disparities Research at MD Anderson Cancer Center. Dr. Timothy Rebbeck is the Vincent L. Gregory Professor of Cancer Prevention at the Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health and Professor of Medical Oncology at Dana-Farber Cancer Institute. Professor Rebbeck also serves as the director for the Zhu Family Center for Global Cancer Prevention Harvard TH Chan School of Public Health and the Center for Cancer Equity and Engagement at Dana Farber Harvard Cancer Center. 
TRANSCRIPT 
The guest on this podcast episode has no disclosures to declare.
Dr. Surendranath Shastri: Hello everyone. Welcome to ASCO's Social Determinants of Health in Cancer Care podcast. My name is Surendranath Shastri and I serve as Professor in the Department of Health Disparities Research, the Division of Cancer Prevention and Population Sciences at the MD Anderson Cancer Center. Joining us today is the very renowned Dr. Timothy Rebbeck, who serves as a Professor at the Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health. In this episode, we will discuss social determinants of health with a global perspective and what impact those have on cancer care in general with a little specific attention to cancer prevention and control. 
Thank you, Professor Rebbeck, for agreeing to be a part of our podcast. 
Dr. Timothy Rebbeck: Happy to join you today. 
Dr. Surendranath Shastri: Thank you very much. We are really blessed to have you on this podcast. So let's get the podcast rolling. We would like to begin the conversation with a simple question: How do you define social determinants of health in cancer care, particularly those in prevention?
Dr. Timothy Rebbeck: So I think the definitions that we need to be thinking about are really very specific to the questions we're trying to address. So there are many ways one could define social determinants. They are generally, in the United States at least, consequences of the legacy of historical, political, economic, and social influences, particularly for minority populations; those of the legacy of slavery and other related discrimination and segregation activities that have happened over many, many years and centuries, really. So that's not really an answer to how we define it, but I think that way we define it in terms of the research question or the clinical or public health question, and that using those variables that we define, we should be able to identify different groups who have specific needs or for whom we need to create interventions or prioritize activities to eliminate disparities. 
Dr. Surendranath Shastri: So speaking about social determinants of health in cancer care, particularly in the US, looking at the global perspective, I'm sure you'll agree that the social determinants might not be the same for people living in the US as compared to, say, people living in countries in South America or people living in Asia. So let me ask you a direct question pertaining to your work because you have been working globally and you have a lot of multicentric studies: Have you seen real life differences in social determinants of health based on geography and country in some of your multicentric studies? For example, you have this very large score study where you're looking at population groups of different backgrounds. So something like that? 
Dr. Timothy Rebbeck: Yes, absolutely. I would say that the categories or domains of social determinants are not fundamentally different in different parts of the world. They all involve things like access to care, insurance and payment, education and knowledge, things like that. Those are common to anywhere in the world. But the manifestation of those social determinants

In this episode guest host, Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley, moderates a discussion with two leaders from two remarkable organizations with the mission to provide food to those that are facing long-term illnesses like cancer.  In this episode,  the importance of the community and organizations addressing food insecurity and providing needed interventions are highlighted by Alissa Wassung, Executive Director at Food is Medicine Coalition and Alyssa Baldino, Associate Director of Nutrition Services and Therapeutics at Project Angel Food.
TRANSCRIPT 
The guest on this podcast episode has no disclosures to declare.
 Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Welcome back to ASCO's Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care podcast. I am Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley. We are continuing our conversation on “Community and Organizations Focused on organizations addressing Patient Needs in the Cancer Community.” I'm joined by Alissa Wassung, Executive Director of Food Is Medicine Coalition, and Alyssa Baldino, Associate Director of Nutrition Services and Therapeutics at Project Angel Food. In this episode, we will discuss a patient and household need that often gets overlooked following a cancer diagnosis, and that is food insecurity. We are fortunate to be joined by two people from amazing organizations with a mission to provide food to those that are facing long-term illnesses.
First, we have Food Is Medicine Coalition, which is a national organization that provides evidence-informed medical, food, and nutrition interventions to critically and chronically ill people while working to advance public policy surrounding food and nutrition. And second, we have Project Angel Food, located in Los Angeles, California, and is a part of the Food Is Medicine Coalition, which prepares and delivers healthy meals, comfort, and hope to people impacted by serious illness. 
So, given that both of our guests today are named Alyssa, we're going to say Alyssa B and Alissa W to distinguish between our two guests. So, thank you both for being part of our Social Determinant of Health conversation focused on communities and organizations.
Alissa Wassung: Thank you so much for having us. We're so excited to be here.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Great. Let's dive right in. And this first question is one that we ask all of our guests, and that is: What does Social Determinants of Health in cancer care mean to you? We'll start with you, Alissa W.
Alissa Wassung: I would have to say that it means making sure that everyone who is coping with cancer has everything that they need to survive and thrive through the process. From our perspective as caregivers in the community for over 40 years, a lot of this knowledge and wisdom comes from our roots in the HIV epidemic and seeing how the toll of illness can take on a person and also their caregiving structure, that it affects the whole family. So really, having that holistic, person-centered view of what wellness and health means through a diagnosis like cancer, making sure that we are showing up for the food piece and paying attention to the rest of it as well. Alyssa B?
Alyssa Baldino: I've been a dietitian for nearly 15 years, and someone's ability to manage their chronic illness is so heavily influenced by their environment and the resources available. So, education is obviously a good building tool to help someone work within their resources, but it only goes so far. So, the more holistic you look at, especially cancer clients, the better you can help someone, the more you understand all the outside factors that affect their lives.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Thank you for providing those perspectives. Social Determinants of Health feels like such a broad term. It's often described as where we live, learn, work, and play, and that's everything. So, would you consider food insecurity as a social determinant of health?
Alissa Wassung: Absolutely. The ability to nourish oneself as you are supporting your own body through

In this Part 2 episode guest host, Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley, discusses the importance of the community and organizations meant to address the social needs of patients as they navigate their cancer journey and the financial burden on the household following a cancer diagnosis. Dr. Tucker-Seeley is joined by Carla Tardif, Chief Executive Officer at Family Reach and Eucharia Borden: Vice President, Programs and Health Equity at Family Reach, whose mission is to remove the financial barriers standing between cancer patients and their treatment. 
TRANSCRIPT
The guest on this podcast episode has no disclosures to declare.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Hello and welcome to ASCO's Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care podcast. I am Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley, Vice President of Health Equity at Zero Prostate Cancer and Chair of ASCO's Health Equity and Outcomes Committee. I'm joined today by Carla Tardif, chief executive officer at Family Reach, and Eucharia Borden, vice president of programs and health equity at Family Reach. 
In this episode, we will discuss the importance of the community and organizations meant to address the social needs of patients as they navigate their cancer journey. There are many needs that cancer patients face and one of the biggest is the financial burden on the household following a cancer diagnosis. 
We are lucky to have two change makers from the organization Family Reach with us here today. Family Reach is an organization in Boston, Massachusetts that dedicates their work to removing financial barriers with financial education, financial planning, resource navigation, and emergency funds to patients and caregivers. 
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: So there is a discussion in healthcare services research now about whether the service to meet some of those patient social needs should be within the healthcare organization or the system, or whether community organizations should address those. And so, as a patient-focused organization, how does your organization partner with healthcare practices and systems?
Carla Tardif: Yeah, so that's a great question. There is not one answer. We all have to be involved in this conversation. We all have to be able to step in with financial resources, having the conversation to normalize the conversation around finances and health. One of my north stars is to make financial health a standard of care because it affects your care so much. So, yes, patients need to hear about it in the healthcare system. We partner with over 1000 cancer care centers in this country, working with over 4000 oncology social workers in those hospitals. We give them our financial education program. They have access to an online portal to talk to my team of licensed social workers and resource navigators. That is a really critical intersection with the patient. 
And we partner with nonprofits, as Eucharia shared, throughout the country who are working with patients because many patients do not feel comfortable talking about their finances in the healthcare system. How is this going to affect my care? Will I get a generic drug? Will I be invited to a trial? So they say nothing. If a parent has a child with cancer and a social worker sees that they cannot provide for their children, they could actually lose their children. The children could be removed from the home. This is the fear in talking about your finances in the healthcare system. 
So the advocacy organizations outside the healthcare system play a critical role in trust, as Eucharia said as well. Many of them are under-resourced. Many of them don't have the financial interventions that we have. So that partnership is critical. Then we have our website. So many people are just googling, looking up on the internet to take matters into their own hands - “How can I get financial support? How do I figure this out? Where do I get help?” So the answer really is every one of us needs to be educated and armed with the resource

In Part 1 of this episode guest host, Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley, discusses the importance of the community and organizations meant to address the social needs of patients as they navigate their cancer journey and the financial burden on the household following a cancer diagnosis. Dr. Tucker-Seeley is joined by Carla Tardif, Chief Executive Officer at Family Reach and Eucharia Borden: Vice President, Programs and Health Equity at Family Reach, whose mission is to remove the financial barriers standing between cancer patients and their treatment. 
TRANSCRIPT
The guest on this podcast episode has no disclosures to declare.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Hello and welcome to ASCO's Social Determinants of Health and Cancer Care podcast. I am Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley, Vice President of Health Equity at Zero Prostate Cancer and Chair of ASCO's Health Equity and Outcomes Committee. I'm joined today by Carla Tardif, chief executive officer at Family Reach, and Eucharia Borden, vice president of programs and health equity at Family Reach. 
In this episode, we will discuss the importance of the community and organizations meant to address the social needs of patients as they navigate their cancer journey. There are many needs that cancer patients face and one of the biggest is the financial burden on the household following a cancer diagnosis. 
We are lucky to have two change makers from the organization Family Reach with us here today. Family Reach is an organization in Boston, Massachusetts that dedicates their work to removing financial barriers with financial education, financial planning, resource navigation, and emergency funds to patients and caregivers. 
Thank you both for being a part of our Social Determinants of Health podcast series in this episode focused on community and organization.
Carla Tardif: Thank you for having us.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: Let's start the conversation with the question that we like to ask all of our guests. What does social determinants of health and cancer care mean to the both of you?
Carla Tardif: It's a great question and there are so many buzzwords now around this topic, so I really appreciate the opportunity to even define some of them, like social determinants of health, like financial toxicity, like health-related social risks and how are they different and what do they mean. We talk about social determinants of health being more about societal impact on people according to where they are born, live, work, play, and pray. And we talk about financial toxicity as the financial impact that a cancer diagnosis has on a family. Financial toxicity is a word that we say often and that really is about cancer affecting your finances and your finances affecting your cancer. And what does it mean when work is stopped, income is cut, out of pocket expenses, the cost of care, and how does that affect your ability to access care and adhere to treatment which will affect your survival rate? And then I'll pass it to you Eucharia, because I love her definition of social determinants of health.
Eucharia Borden: Thank you so much for having me here today. I think one of the first things that we need to put out there is that our professional language is full of jargon, and patients often don't understand things like social determinants of health, financial toxicity, what do these things mean to them? Which is why at Family Reach, we talk about meeting their basic needs, meeting their needs in areas like food, transportation, housing, and utilities, because that is also something that's important when you're approaching patients and working with patients who really do have financial toxicity - to make sure that you're on the same page with them about what their needs are and therefore what kinds of problems you're helping them to solve.
Dr. Reggie Tucker-Seeley: My first question is for you, Carla. Can you take us to the beginning? How did Family Reach get started and what led you to work with th

In this episode, guest host Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf, Director of Breast Medical Oncology at Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center – Jefferson Health examines the role providers play in collecting social determinants of health data from cancer patients to assist with receiving the care they need. Dr. Abu-Khalaf is joined by Dr. Luis Raez, Co-Director of Memorial Cancer Institute of Florida Atlantic University and Whitney Renau, Patient Care Coordinator of Hematology and Oncology from North Florida and South Georgia Veteran Health Services.
TRANSCRIPT
The guests on this podcast episode have no disclosures to declare.a
Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf: Social Determinants of Health in Cancer Care podcast. I'm Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf, Director of Breast Medical Oncology and Interim Chief of Cancer Services at the Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center at Jefferson Health. I'm joined today by Dr. Luis Raez, Co-director of the Memorial Cancer Institute at Florida Atlantic University and Florida Cancer Center of Excellence, and Whitney Renault, patient care coordinator of hematology and oncology for North Florida and South Georgia Veteran Health Services. Thank you both for being a part of the conversation on data gathering. 
Dr. Luis Raez: It's a pleasure to be here.
Whitney Renau: Thank you for having me. 
Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf: In this episode, we will discuss the challenges and barriers to collecting and documenting social determinants of health information for patients after a diagnosis of cancer. Our guests will share their experience in collecting social determinants of health information from patients and share who in their clinical team has been tasked to assist in obtaining this information. Last episode, we discussed data gathering from a patient's perspective, but we'd love to know why you both believe it's important to address social determinants of health and social needs when providing care for your cancer patients. 
Dr. Raez, would you like to just give us your thoughts on the importance of social determinants of health? 
Dr. Luis Raez: Yes. Thank you. I am a medical oncologist. I'm a director of the cancer center here at Memorial and South Florida. It's a public healthcare system. I practice lung cancer. And as much as the social determinants of health topic is a topic that many medical oncologists believe is not ours, that is in the realm of the social worker or somebody else, there's no way to avoid that. Because when you are providing the best target therapy of the world or the best immunotherapy of the world, and the patient has insurance, and you see that the outcomes are not the outcomes that you see in the clinical trials, you see that there is something else other than the biology that has an influence. That is why I consider the social determinants of health very important. In our own cancer center, we have several publications about target therapy, immunotherapy in black patients or Hispanic patients that clearly show inferior outcomes, despite the fact that they are getting the same drugs, the same doctors, the same care that we provide. That's why we're considering our healthcare system, as I said, Memorial Healthcare system, that very important topic that we have been trying to address for the last years.
Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf: Thank you so much. Whitney, would you like to add to this?
Whitney Renau: Absolutely. Exactly. It indirectly affects all the outcomes or overall disease survival. If they can't get to the treatments, if they don't eat well during the treatments, if they don't have support during the treatments, it's going to negatively impact all of the outcomes. We do a great job in being able to pay for the drugs and have great regimens, but if we can't get them to the drugs and the regimens and keep them coming, they're going to have overall poor disease survival rates. 
Dr. Maysa Abu-Khalaf: Absolutely. Thank you for that. Well, let's touch on the physician and clinician perspectives. Dr. Raez, there has