Borders in Globalization Podcast BIG

#30 BIG Podcast - “Democracy, Migration Studies and Border Studies: Bridges and/or Gaps” - With: Oliver Schmidtke, Political scientist, Director of the Center for Global Studies – Victoria, Canada; (PART 1)



Classically, Migration Studies explore all mobility regimes of human groups. There is a spectrum of public policies ranging from the migration of high-skilled workers to refugees. For the Migration Studies, national borders provide a form of social closure. Traditionally, Borders refer to issues that are fundamental to political community (state sovereignty, territorial delimitation, national security, political identity). And for this reason, borders are also instruments for regulating flows, policy tool for inclusion/exclusion. Several authors have pointed out a form of gap between Border Studies and Migration Studies. That there was a lack of cross-fertilization between these two research traditions. And some populist and nationalist discourses can exploit the ambivalence of the borders and the confusion around it. We will discuss about all the relations between democracy, migration and borders and get answers with Oliver Schmidtke.



Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠



TIME MARKERS

03:34 The Links between Migration Studies and Border Studies

07:16 Migration Studies and the concept of Border

13:16 Liberal paradox, Physical Walls and Administrative Walls

20:41 Ethical Challenges and The Hardening of Borders

26:58 No Borders and Mutual Assistance at Borders in Migration Studies

33.32 National Imagination of Borders and Migrations

With: David J. Breeze – British archaeologist and scholar of Hadrian's Wall⁠, the Antonine's Wall⁠ and the Roman army⁠; Chairman of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies from 2000 to 2015

A second wall was built to the north of Hadrian's Wall from 141-142 AD until 155 AD but was abandoned militarily in 164. This is the Antonine’s Wall (three meters high with a fence along the top, length of approximately 60 km with seventeen forts, other ‘fortlets’ and ramparts built from layers of turf and bordered north by a ditch 12 m wide at the top with a depth of 4 m; with also one military path south of the rampart, bath-houses, barracks, and around 7,000 soldiers living all along). Unlike Hadrian, Emperor Antoninus (reigned 138–161) never set foot in the province of Britannia. By ordering the construction of this wall further north, Antoninus therefore modified Hadrian's legacy in terms of frontier policies. What functions did the borders of the Roman Empire have? What functions did Hadrian's Wall have? Can the frontiers of the Roman Empire be considered strict separations between the civilized (Roman) world and the world of the barbarians ("qui barbaros Romanosque Divideret")? How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies? We will discuss all this and get answers with archeologist David J. Breeze.



Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠⁠



Time Markers:

00:01 How was a normal day in Hadrian's Wall camp or fort? Vindolanda Tablets Answers.

07:44 Archeological Evidence of Customs Relations at the Frontiers?

10:36 Antonine’s Wall/ Hadrian's Wall: Comparison

19:41 The great flexibility of the Romans in the organization of their numerous and diverse frontiers

24:56 Fall of the Roman Empire: Which borders were the most difficult and fragile to defend?

30:00 Frontiers of the Roman Empire and UNESCO World Heritage Sites

32:37 How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies?

With: David J. Breeze – British archaeologist and scholar of Hadrian's Wall, the Antonine's Wall and the Roman army; Chairman of the International Congress of Roman Frontier Studies from 2000 to 2015

The history of the Roman Empire is intertwined with the control of the entire Mediterranean Sea and reached at its peak 5 million km² for 60 million inhabitants. The empire was heterogeneous and expanded through conquests and was maintained through a network of frontiers and a system of friendly, allies or “client” states (reges amicique populi Romani). Due to rebellions from some tribes as the Brigantes, and after having visited the Danube and Rhine frontiers, the Roman Emperor Hadrian (reigned 117–138) came to Brittania in July 122 BC. By ordering the construction of the Wall (between 122 – and maybe before according to certain authors – and 127 AD), Hadrian put an end to the territorial expansion of the Roman Empire. In short, Hadrian adopted a policy of protecting frontiers without expansion. What functions did the borders of the Roman Empire have? What functions did Hadrian's Wall have? Can the frontiers of the Roman Empire be considered strict separations between the civilized (Roman) world and the world of the barbarians ("qui barbaros Romanosque Divideret")? How is archeology an interesting and relevant discipline for Border Studies? We will discuss all this and get answers with archeologist David J. Breeze.



Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠⁠



Time Markers:

00:00 Intro with David J. Breeze

01:41 State of Archeological Knowledge of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire

05:13 The Functions of the Frontiers of the Roman Empire

13:15 Roman “limes” and Empire's defensive systems?

20:10 Organization of the Roman army on the frontiers and the question of what is beyond the frontiers

27:12 Emperor Hadrian (Publius Aelius Hadrianus) and the Frontiers of The Roman Empire

36:57 Hadrian’s Wall: history of archaeological research and the functions of the wall

The Nation-State model is built on the synchronization between a so-called state territory and a so-called national population. The mechanical imposition of this specific model has led to serious conflicts in certain parts of the world. What are the consequences of this model on the design of the country's borders? How to organize borderlands while avoiding conflicts with neighbors? With Nick Megoran, this podcast (in 2 parts) is an opportunity to talk about several original practices such as condominiums, joint development zones, territorial leasing, enclaves, the exchange of territory, statutory autonomy, free and customs zones, law of neighborliness, mobile borders, decoupling of international borders from other functional or administrative limits, juridical, fiscal and economic cross-border cooperation. So many illustrations that allow us to think differently about sovereignty and state borders. Transboundary Cooperation transcend the Border Nation State System. Sovereignty doesn’t have to be Zero-Sum.

Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠⁠



Time Markers:

00:00 Cross-border cooperation legal tools (Ex: Local Cross-border Cooperation Group (GLCT) of The Greater Geneva ; European grouping of territorial cooperation (EGTC) of “Cerdagne Hospital”)

04:12 Cross-border tax cooperation between Geneva/France; Economic Co-Development of the Columbia River between Canada/USA

07:33 Luxembourg, Cross-Border Workers, Teleworking, Fiscal Challenges and Legal Solutions

09:03 Cross-Coordination for Whom?

13:40 Law of neighborliness and 4 fundamental rules for contiguous States

16:03 Examples of “Quinto Real”, “Mundat forest”, and the “free zones of Pays de Gex and Haute-Savoie”

23:28 Mobile Watershed lines on the Mountains and Mobile Borders in the Rivers

26:10 Transboundary Cooperation transcend the Border Nation State System

28:12 Added Value of Political Geography for Border Studies

The Nation-State model is built on the synchronization between a so-called state territory and a so-called national population. The mechanical imposition of this specific model has led to serious conflicts in certain parts of the world (we will discover the ancient situation of Denmark/Germany border and the current one of Kyrgyzstan/Uzbekistan border). There have been several ways of thinking and representing the construction of this nation-state with its constituent factors, its regime of political sovereignty and territorial boundaries: community of origin, community of language, community of interests and values, cultural homogenization, elective community, common history and territorial patriotism but also imagined community. What are the consequences of this model on the design of the country's borders? How to organize borderlands while avoiding conflicts with neighbors? With Nick Megoran, this podcast (in 2 parts) is an opportunity to talk about several original practices such as condominiums, joint development zones, territorial leasing, enclaves, the exchange of territory, statutory autonomy, free and customs zones, mobile borders, decoupling of international borders from other functional or administrative limits, juridical and economic cross-border cooperation. So many illustrations that allow us to think differently about sovereignty and state borders. Sovereignty doesn’t have to be Zero-Sum. Borders don’t have to be Walls and Barriers.



Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic ⁠



Time Markers:

00:00 Intro

01:53 Our Guest today: Nick Megoran

03:28 The Nation-State Model and its links with Borders

07:13 Denmark/Germany Schleswig War and Modern State Building Challenges

15:57 Condominium; Joint development Zone; Territorial Leasing

22:21 Cross-Border Ferghana Valley (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan/Tajikistan) facing National Bordering Processes

29:14 Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan Border Clash and the Overcome of the Violence by Open Borders

32:34 Bilateral Exchange of Lands and International Boundary Delimitation (Uzbekistan/Kyrgyzstan; Eritrea/Ethiopia)

37:09 Enclaves/Exclaves : Pros and Cons

42:23 Enclaves Patchwork between Netherlands and Belgium in Baarle and Common Services Successes

45:43 Cross-Enclaves Fireworks Businesses and The Rule of Front Door for Citizenship

48:51 Autonomous status and the Example of Åland Islands (part of Finland Territory but Swedish Official Language)

50:16 Nagorno-Karabakh Conflict Situation

50:50 Example of 1923 Lausanne Treaty and Greece/Turkey Population Exchange: Ethnic Cleansing as one of the Darkest Side of The Nation State

The Māori are Indigenous Polynesian peoples with distant roots in the Lapita civilization. First inhabitants of what is called New Zealand, they arrived there more than 1000 years ago. The Māori people is a minority, it forms about 18% of the New Zealand population. In this podcast, we will talk about the anthropological, political and legal history of New Zealand, the context of the declaration of independence (in Māori He Whakaputanga o te Rangatiratanga o Nu Tireni), the treaty of Waitangi, the societal organization of the people Māori (Iwi, Whanau, Hapu) and relations with colonial institutions. An extensive discussion about Māori culture, social and territorial boundaries between different Māori tribes and the importance of genealogy, the involvement of Māori culture within the governance of customs borders and the perspectives of indigenous peoples in research on borders.



Time Markers:

00:00 The role of the Māori People in terms of customs borders

05:55 WorldView of Māori People regarding the phenomenon of Borders?

07:52 New Zealand Customs and Māori responsiveness

10:04 The governance of New Zealand's borders at the time of Covid

13:52 International trade partners with New Zealand and the Māori People

19:56 Main challenges facing New Zealand's borders

22:42 Military history of Māori during the 2 World Wars

28:01 Learnings about Borders from Indigenous Perspectives and Indigenous contributions on Borders



Websites:

BIG Website: ⁠⁠https://biglobalization.org  ⁠⁠

JMN Website: ⁠⁠https://www.uvic.ca/humanities/intd/europe/eu-grants/network/hmsdata-20-23/index.php⁠⁠

Subscribe: ⁠⁠http://bit.ly/2AL0HbO⁠⁠ 

Facebook: ⁠⁠https://www.facebook.com/BordersInGlobalization⁠⁠ 

Twitter: ⁠⁠https://twitter.com/big_uvic