Legally Speaking with Michael Mulligan

Michael Mulligan

Legal news and issues with lawyer Michael Mulligan on CFAX 1070 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

  1. 5D AGO

    When Free Expression Ends And Misconduct Begins At A Canadian University

    Courtrooms, campus corridors, mountain slopes, and border tarmacs: we connect them through three rulings that change how you navigate rights, rules, and risk. We start with a Vancouver Island University protest case where banners, ladders, and megaphones escalated into disruptions of exams. The student fought a two‑year suspension, arguing misidentification, unfair process, and—most ambitiously—freedom of expression under the Charter. We walk through why the court said no, revisiting Dolphin Delivery and the baseline that the Charter restrains government, not institutions acting independently. In BC, universities aren’t automatically treated as government actors, so Charter arguments usually fail unless legislation compels the action. The practical takeaway is clear: campus discipline lives under university policy and administrative law, not constitutional guarantees. Then we climb into the backcountry with a Wildlife Act prosecution that turned on what “full curl thinhorn ram” actually means. Is it age, horn length, or both? At trial, experts wrangled over true versus false annuli, and the hunter was convicted. On appeal, the court read the regulation’s “or” as a real alternative: either eight years as proven by annuli or a horn tip that extends beyond the nose bridge plane when viewed squarely from the side. That interpretation aligns with field reality, where counting ridges through binoculars is guesswork. For hunters, this sets a safer path: document the side view and horn tip position to meet the length criterion without winning a lab fight over annuli. We land with a hard deadline at the border. A sniffer dog allegedly damaged a multi‑million‑dollar helicopter during a customs search. The owner complained immediately and filed a claim, but the later lawsuit missed a little‑known limit: the Customs Act requires claims within three months. The court enforced the clock and dismissed the case, even while acknowledging the fairness concerns. If border searches damage your property, act fast—document everything, get estimates, and file in the correct court before the window slams shut. Want practical law without the jargon? Press play for a grounded guide to: when free expression stops at the campus gate, how one word in a regulation can flip a conviction, and why a hidden limitation period can decide your whole case. If this helped you spot risks early, follow the show, share it with a friend, and leave a quick review telling us which case hit home. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    22 min
  2. DEC 11

    How Canada’s New Justice Bill Could Reshape Courts, Sentencing, And Digital Harms

    A 76-page justice overhaul just landed, and we’re diving into what actually changes for victims, accused persons, and the people who keep our courts running. We break down how Bill C-16 reframes parts of criminal law—naming femicide as a route to first-degree murder, tackling AI-generated intimate images and deepfakes, and defining coercive control—while asking the hard question: can an already stretched system carry the weight? We walk through the new femicide framework and why proving patterns of coercive or controlling behaviour will demand careful evidence and clear jury instructions. Then we turn to the digital front: offences targeting realistic AI fabrications, “nudify” apps, and the spread of synthetic sexual content. You’ll hear how the “likely to be mistaken” standard may hinge on context, labelling, and expert testimony, and why enforcement will test both legal doctrines and tech literacy. Delay is the thread that ties it all together. We explore how pretrial screening in sexual offence cases—lawyers for complainants, notice periods, and multiple hearings—slows trials, and how C-16’s timing tweaks may help at the margins but won’t replace the need for more judges, Crown, defence, and courtrooms. On sentencing, we unpack the shift that lets courts set aside mandatory minimums when they would be grossly disproportionate for the individual—fairer outcomes, but likely more litigation. We also highlight humane changes that support witnesses, including broader remote testimony and support animals. To ground the legal theory in real life, we close with a BC case on who qualifies as a spouse under the Family Law Act. The two-year marriage-like rule sounds simple—until on-and-off relationships, shared business ties, and disputed “gifts” like a six-figure SUV enter the picture. The result is a cautionary tale about continuity, documentation, and the legal weight of domestic arrangements. If you care about safer communities, fair process, and workable courts, this conversation maps what’s coming—and what still needs funding and focus. If the analysis helped, follow the show, share it with a friend, and leave a quick review to help others find thoughtful legal content. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases and legislation discussed.

    22 min
  3. DEC 4

    How To Lose A Job In 10 Words Or Less

    A single sentence can change a career. We open with a real-world case: a shuttle driver on SFU property tells a flagger she’s “unbelievably beautiful” and suggests modelling. Security documents the exchange, the university issues a campus ban, and the employer fires him. He then pushes for the complainant’s identity under FOIPPA, arguing that the decision-makers needed complete, accurate information. We walk through why FOIPPA binds public bodies but not private companies, how section 28 actually works, and why the court said disclosure wasn’t required when the driver admitted the key facts. Plus, we flag the sting in the tail: special costs when you sue the wrong parties. From there, the stakes rise. Mid-trial in Vancouver, a mother asks to relocate her eight-year-old to Thailand. The judge says no on best-interests grounds. She leaves anyway, hides her location, and starts a case abroad. We explain how habitual residence anchors jurisdiction, why the Hague Convention exists to stop jurisdiction shopping, and how credibility findings—false affidavits, financial misstatements—reshape custody, support, and costs. The practical takeaway is stark: unilateral moves during active proceedings invite severe legal consequences and can fracture future parenting arrangements. We close with the Lytton wildfire class action. Plaintiffs allege a passing train ignited the fire; the defendants point to onboard video, sensors, and clean inspection data. The court certifies the case, clarifying that the standard is some basis in fact, not proof. Timing, location near the tracks, tinderbox conditions, and a supportive expert opinion clear the threshold. Certification doesn’t decide liability—it ensures a fair, efficient path to test common issues, expert evidence, and causation at trial. If you value clear, no-spin explanations of how law affects real people—from campus discipline and privacy to cross-border parenting and community-scale claims—follow the show, share it with a friend, and leave a review telling us which case challenged your assumptions. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    21 min
  4. NOV 27

    Wills, Words, And What Counts

    A signed page beside a will. A daughter who gave up her life to care for her parents. A court is asked to decide whether a single sheet of paper can rewrite an estate. We dig into a recent BC Supreme Court ruling to unpack how WESA’s formal requirements and the curative power of section 58 actually work when intention, capacity, language, and timing collide. If you’ve ever wondered whether “wishes” are enough, this story shows why two witnesses, translation, and dated execution details matter more than heartfelt words. Then we pivot from probate to plumbing with a small claims case that starts with a jailhouse phone call and ends with a $34,000 invoice. The homeowner’s mom acted as go‑between while crews replaced pumps, chased leaks, and tackled a failing septic system. With spotty records and no signed work authorizations, the judge had to reconstruct a contract from dispatcher notes, GPS logs, and receipts. The result lies between free fix and blank cheque: agency is recognized, unjust enrichment is avoided, and the final award is trimmed to what’s reasonably proven. Across both cases, one theme holds: intent without process is a gamble. For families, that means executing wills to WESA standards, confirming capacity, and ensuring translation for non‑fluent testators. For trades and contractors, that means written scope, clear rates, change orders, and contemporaneous records that survive scrutiny. These aren’t legal niceties; they are the difference between peace and protracted fights—between getting paid and getting pared down. If this conversation helps clarify how to protect your wishes and your work, follow the show, share it with someone who needs it, and leave a quick review so others can find it. Your feedback helps us tackle more real cases with practical takeaways. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    22 min
  5. NOV 20

    When A Guest Won’t Leave

    A single sentence in the Criminal Code can decide whether you can legally remove someone from your home—or whether you’re suddenly the one at risk of an assault charge. We break down a fresh BC Supreme Court ruling that reads purpose into Parliament’s 2011 reforms on self-defence and defence of property, answering a practical question with big stakes: if you invite someone in and later revoke consent, can you use reasonable force to make them leave? Short answer: yes, if you give a reasonable time to go and the force is proportionate, because the law was never meant to grant squatters’ rights to rowdy guests and stubborn salespeople. From there, we follow the thread of “reasonableness” into family law. British Columbia treats partners who live together in a marriage-like relationship for two continuous years as spouses for property division, but the crucial trigger is separation. The two-year limitation period starts when you separate, not when the romance finally fizzles. In the case we unpack, on‑again, off‑again reunions couldn’t reset the clock. If you plan to claim division of property, mark the separation date, organise documents, and act before the window closes. We close with a cautionary tale about civil procedure and proportionality: a $9,000 used SUV, mechanical trouble, and a claim that ballooned to $250 million. The court ordered security for costs, balancing access to justice against the burden of defending an outsized, low‑merit case with little chance of recovering expenses. Together, these stories showcase how Canadian courts weigh text, purpose, and fairness—guarding property rights, enforcing clear timelines, and filtering litigation through practical safeguards. If you enjoyed the analysis, follow the show, share it with a friend who loves real‑world law, and leave a quick review to help others find us.  Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    22 min
  6. NOV 13

    How A Judge’s Questions Crossed The Line And Triggered A New Trial

    Ever wondered when a judge’s questions stop clarifying and start tilting the scales? We dive into a BC sexual assault case where the trial judge’s heavy-handed interventions—pages of pointed questioning, steering how evidence was led, and relying on answers personally elicited—pushed the process past what a reasonable observer would call fair. The conviction didn’t fall because of proven bias, but because the appearance of fairness matters just as much as the verdict, and the court ordered a new trial to reset the game. From that courtroom moment, we zoom out to a piece of Canadian legal history that still shapes modern practice: private prosecutions. Yes, “anyone” can lay an information, but today the pathway runs through built-in safeguards—judicial screening, notice to Crown Counsel, and the power for Crown to take over and stay proceedings. We explain when that discretion is virtually unreviewable, and when it crosses into abuse of process due to bad faith, improper purpose, or actions that undermine the integrity of the justice system. Along the way, we examine a real-world attempt to weaponize private prosecutions against police, prosecutors, and politicians, why it failed on evidentiary grounds, and how courts use tools like summary dismissal and ad hoc Crown to keep the system credible. If you care about fair trials, judicial neutrality, prosecutorial discretion, and the rare but critical safety valves that keep politics in check, this conversation offers a clear, grounded tour of the law in action. Subscribe, share with a friend who loves legal deep dives, and leave a review to tell us where you think the line should be drawn. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    21 min
  7. NOV 7

    When Your Outfit Is “Red To Hide Blood,” You’ve Made Bad Choices

    A 20-year online feud that began on a community website ended with a meticulously planned attack inside a BC courtroom—red clothes to hide blood, a packed suitcase, a knife and a hammer, and alcohol for courage. We walk through how the trial judge weighed mental health evidence against extensive planning, why the NCRMD standard remains a high bar, and how appellate courts defer to sentencing judges unless there’s a clear error. You’ll hear exactly why a 12-year sentence held firm despite arguments for reduced moral culpability. Then we pivot to a case that could change how your parcels land at your door. Consumer Protection BC ruled that “delivered to the consumer” means more than GPS at your address and a hand-off to an unknown person. When a buyer never saw his $500‑plus item, Amazon leaned on coordinates and history; the regulator leaned on the statute. The result: a full refund, legal costs, and a $10,000 penalty. We break down distance sales contracts, the 30‑day delivery rule, and why terms of service can’t erase statutory rights. For shoppers, this means real recourse when packages vanish. For sellers, it means building proof that the consumer actually received the goods—think signatures, verified IDs, or explicit consent for alternative delivery methods. Along the way, we highlight the role of courthouse sheriffs in preventing tragedy, the practical meaning of mitigation at sentencing, and the evidence standards that separate suspicion from proof in both criminal and consumer contexts. If you care about justice, safety, and what “delivered” really means, this conversation will sharpen your understanding and give you steps you can use today. If you found this useful, follow the show, share it with a friend, and leave a quick review so more listeners can find it. What’s your take: should high‑value deliveries always require a signature? Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    22 min
  8. OCT 30

    Bail Myths, Real Fixes

    Think “bail reform” will clean up street disorder? We take a hard look at what Bill C‑14 really changes and why it targets the wrong problem. From the presumption of innocence to the right to remain silent, we trace how symbolic tweaks and reverse onus proposals collide with Charter protections while doing little to speed justice or improve safety. If the true bottleneck is time to trial, then the fixes live in courtrooms, staffing, treatment, and housing—not in performative reminders to judges about conditions they already use. We map the actual bail framework: primary grounds to ensure appearance in court, secondary grounds to protect the public, and tertiary grounds to maintain confidence when the case is overwhelming. Then we examine the principle of restraint, a constitutional guardrail that forbids using bail as punishment or a shortcut to rehabilitation. Along the way, we challenge the idea that adding factors like “outstanding charges” will move the needle when judges already account for risk and record. Tough talk can’t replace trial capacity, and piling on conditions cannot stand in for a system that’s too slow to deliver verdicts. The conversation shifts to life‑or‑death stakes with the Good Samaritan Drug Overdose Act and the Supreme Court of Canada’s ruling in Wilson. Parliament’s aim was direct: remove the fear of possession charges when someone calls 911 and stays to help, so more people survive overdoses. The Court agreed that immunity from being charged or convicted necessarily blocks arrests for possession in that context, preventing end‑runs that chill emergency calls. Police still have tools for other offences when grounds exist, but they can’t use possession as a pretext at overdose scenes. It’s a decision that aligns law with public health and trust. If you want a justice system that is fair and effective, this episode offers a clear roadmap: defend core rights, invest in speed and capacity, and design laws that solve real problems. Listen, share with a friend who cares about public safety and civil liberties, and leave a review to keep these conversations moving forward. Follow this link for a transcript of the show and links to the cases discussed.

    22 min

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Legal news and issues with lawyer Michael Mulligan on CFAX 1070 in Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.

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