How can we avoid the Curse of Knowledge? With Steven Pinker, Harvard professor of psychology

To kick-off the second season of Data Malarkey, Sam Knowles talks to one of the all-time greats of academic psychology – Steven Pinker, the Johnstone Family Professor of Psychology at Harvard University. An experimental psychologist interested in all aspects of language, mind, and human nature, Steve is one of the most important public intellectuals – and best-selling authors – of the past 30 years. He came to global attention with his 1994 book, The Language Instinct, and followed that three years later with How The Mind Works.

In the 2000s, Steve’s interests – and popular-science best sellers – have flexed and grown to cover nature and nurture, human progress, violence (or otherwise) in society, and most recently, rationality. Many listeners will be familiar with The Blank Slate, The Better Angels of our Nature, Enlightenment Now, and – most recently – Rationality. A less well-known but important work is Steve’s 2014 book The Sense of Style: The Thinking Person’s Guide to Writing in the 21st Century, and what it has to say about the Curse of Knowledge.

Garlanded by media, national and international associations, and academic institutions around the world, Steve is generally agreed to be one of the world’s leading thinkers and most influential writers. He is that rarest of creatures – a serious, practicing academic who writes with great clarity for both his peers and an intelligent lay audience.

Our conversation was recorded remotely, via the medium of Riverside.fm, on 18 May 2023.

Thanks to Joe Hickey for production support.

Podcast artwork by Shatter Media.

Voice over by Samantha Boffin.

Steve spends his time reading, teaching, and writing – totally immersing himself when it comes to books. And when he’s not doing that, he’s walking, hiking, cycling, travelling and talking with his wife, the novelist and philosopher, Rebecca Goldstein. He also has a passion – and a real skill – for photography, a passion developed from his early-career research in visual cognition and his love of visual aesthetics.

This episode covers so much in just 45 minutes, from why the world is rather less violent than the news cycle might suggest to the replicability crisis in psychology; from our faulty belief that a sample will be representative of a population, to underpowered psychological research using too few experimental subjects. More than once, Steve refers to Amos Tversky’s 1971 paper in Psychological Bulletin, “Belief in the law of small numbers”. As Steve points out: “He did warn us. We should have listened!” For those unfamiliar with this seminal, overlooked paper – here it is.

And while we’re very much in the wheelhouse of an academic psychologist at the height of his profession, at all times Steve avoids the Curse of Knowledge, which he defines as “the difficulty in imagining what it’s like for some else not to know something that you know”. As the Curse of Knowledge is a repeated target of Sam’s in his data storytelling training, host and guest wig out about the Curse, which Steve also characterises as a lack of Theory of Mind.

Other topics covered in this episode include: what insight is and how to move from data to insight; the very real power of analogy (like the solar system for atomic structure) in driving breakthrough innovation and understanding; the dangers (and shortcomings) of AI. While Steve suspects the dangers have been overstated, he’s all for minimising deep fakes – on news in particular – and fraud. 

EXTERNAL LINKS

Steve’s home page – https://stevenpinker.com

Photos by Steven Pinker – http://stevepinker.com

The Harvard Department of Psychology page for Steve – https://psychology.fas.harvard.edu/people/steven-pinker

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