An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans

John Lehr

Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human.

  1. 30 AUG

    Episode 80: Gettin’ Corny! The Amazing History of Maize.

    To celebrate their 80th episode, The Two Humans get a belly full of corn (and we’re not talkin’ about moonshine)! Episode 80: Gettin’ Corny! The Amazing History of Maize. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Bailey, Flora L. 1940   Navaho Foods and Cooking Methods. American Anthropologist, Vol. 42(2), pp. 270-290.   Biography 2019   Orville Redenbacher. Biography, April 16, 2019, www.biography.com/business-leaders/orville-redenbacher.   Castetter, Edward F. and Willis H. Bell 1942   Pima and Papago Indian Agriculture. The University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque.    Christensen, Clyde M. and Henry H. Kaufman 1969   Grain Storage: The Role of Fungi in Quality Loss. University of Minnesota Press, Minneapolis, MN.   Cleveland Clinic 2025   Pellagra. Cleveland Clinic [website], my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/ 23905-pellagra.   Cordell, Linda S., H. Wolcott Toll, Mollie S. Toll, and Thomas C. Windes  2008   Archaeological Corn from Pueblo Bonito, Chaco Canyon, New Mexico: Dates, Contexts, Sources. American Antiquity 73(3), pp. 491–511.   Czerwony, Beth 2021   Why Can You See Corn in Your Poop? Cleveland Clinic (website), June 24, 2021, health.clevelandclinic.org/why-can-you-see-corn-in-poop.   Dappen, Nathan and Neil Losin (Directors) 2015   Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn [Video]. HHMI Biointeractive, www.biointeractive.org/classroom-resources/popped-secret-mysterious-origin-corn.   Davidson, Alan 2002   The Penguin Companion to Food. Penguin Books, London, UK.   Devor, E. J. and Linda S. Cordell 1981   Neural-Tube Defects in a Pre-Historic South-Western Indian Population. Annals of Human Biology, 8(1), pp. 65–75.   Dickerson, George 1992   A Small-Scale Agriculture Alternative: Specialty Corns. United States Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC, June 1992.      Fine Dining Lovers Editorial Staff 2023   What Huitlacoche Is and How to Eat It. Fine Dining Lovers (website), March 31, 2023, www.finedininglovers.com/explore/articles/what-huitlacoche-and-how-eat-it.   Fussell, Betty 1992   The Story of Corn. University of New Mexico Press, Albuquerque, NM.   Galinat, Walton C. 1988   The Origin of Corn. Corn and Corn Improvement, Third Edition (ed. G. F. Sprague and J. W. Dudley, American Society of Agronomy, Inc., Madison, WI, pp. 1-31.   Huff, Leah Alexandra 2006   Sacred Sustenance: Maize, Storytelling, and a Maya Sense of Place. Journal of Latin American Geography, 2006, Vol. 5, No. 1 (2006), pp. 79-96.     Hussein, Hussein S. and Jeffrey M. Brasel  2001   Toxicity, Metabolism, and Impact of Mycotoxins on Humans and Animals. Toxicology, Vol. 167, pp. 101–134.   Juárez-Montiel, Margarita, Sandra Ruiloba de León, Griselda Chávez-Camarillo, César Hernández-Rodríguez, and Lourdes Villa-Tanaca 2011   Huitlacoche (Corn Smut), Caused by the Phytopathogenic Fungus Usilago maydis, as a Functional Food. Revista Iberoamericana de Micología, Vol. 28(2), pp. 69–73.   Kavena, Juanita Tiger 1980 Hopi Cookery. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson.   Keoke, Emory Dean and Kay Marie Porterfield 2003   Encyclopedia of American Indian Contributions to the World. Checkmark Books, New York.   King, Frances B. and Bonnie W. Styles 1978   2000 Years of Corn in the “Corn Belt.” Central States Archaeological Journal, Vol. 25, No. 4 (OCTOBER, 1978), pp. 180-184.   Kleinman, Evan 2022   Teosinte: Corn’s Wild Unruly Ancestor Had a Spiritual Significance. Good Food (podcast), KCRW, December 30, 2022, www.kcrw.com/culture/shows/good-food/masa-corn-history-science-politics-reair/teosinte-corn-ancestors-spiritual-history.   Licht, Mark and Zachary Clemens 2021   The Birds and Bees of Corn Pollination. Integrated Crop Management, Iowa State University, Extension and Outreach (website), July 19, 2021, https://crops.extension.iastate.edu/post/ birds-and-bees-corn-pollination.   Marasas, W. F. O.  1996   Fumonisins: History, World-Wide Occurrence and Impact. In Fumonisins in Food (ed. Lauren S. Jackson, Jonathan W. Devries, and Lloyd B. Bullerman). Plenum Press, New York, pp. 1-17.   McCray, John 2013   Mycotoxins, Maize, and Site Abandonment in the American Southwest [Master’s Thesis]. New Mexico Highlands University, Las Vegas, NM.   Peraica, M., B. Radic, A. Lucic, and M. Pavlovic.  1999   Toxic Effects of Mycotoxins in Humans. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, Vol. 77(9), pp. 754–766.   Radford, Benjamin 2013   Why Can’t Humans Eat Grass? Live Science, January 28, 2013, www.livescience.com/32435-why-cant-humans-eat-grass.html.   Rice, Ellie 2018   Popped Secret: The Mysterious Origin of Corn (Film Guide). HHMI Biointeractive (website), January 2018, www.biointeractive.org/sites/ default/files/ PoppedSecret-Educator-film.pdf.   Robbins, Wilfred William, John Peabody Harrington, and Barbara Freire-Marreco  1916   Ethnobotany of the Tewa Indians (Bureau of American Ethnology, Bulletin 55. Smithsonian Institution, Washington, DC.   Smith, Leah 2025   Corn Pollination: The Nerdy Gardener's Complete Guide. Sow True Seed (website), accessed June 24, 2025, sowtrueseed.com/blogs/ gardening/corn-pollination-the-nerdy-gardeners-complete-guide.     Snow, David H.  1990   Tener Comal y Metate: Protohistoric Rio Grande Maize Use and Diet (ed. Paul E. Minnis and Charles L. Redman). Perspectives on Southwest Prehistory, Westview Press, Inc., Boulder, CO, pp. 289-300.   USDA National Agricultural Library 2025   Early History. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/early-history, accessed August 29, 2025. 2025   Popcorn Explosion. USDA National Agricultural Library (website), www.nal.usda.gov/exhibits/speccoll/exhibits/show/popcorn/popcorn-explosion, accessed August 21, 2025.   Weatherwax, Paul 1918   The Evolution of Maize. Bulletin of the Torrey Botanical Club, Vol. 45, No. 8 (Aug., 1918), pp. 309-342. 1954   Indian Corn in Old America. The MacMillan Company, New York, NY. Wetterstrom, Wilma 1986   Food, Diet, and Population at Prehistoric Arroyo Hondo Pueblo, New Mexico. School of American Research Press, Santa Fe.

    1h 32m

  2. 24 JUL

    Episode 79: Well, Sex Me Up and Color Me Bad!! A Kaleidoscopic Look at Colors

    In this episode, The Two Humans discuss COLORS and what happens when “our brains and the universe meet.” Oh, wow, man; like, far out!! Episode 79: Well, Sex Me Up and Color Me Bad!! A Kaleidoscopic Look at Colors An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Brusatin, Manlio 1991   A History of Colors. Shambhala, Boston, MA.    Cleveland Clinic 2025   Synesthesia. Cleveland Clinic (website), accessed June 9, 2025, my.clevelandclinic.org/health/symptoms/24995-synesthesia.   D’Andrade, R. and M. Egan 1974   The Colors of Emotion. American Ethnologist,  Feb., 1974, Vol. 1, No. 1 (Feb., 1974), pp. 49-63.   Deak, Megan 2024   Why Were Roman Citizens Punished for Wearing Purple? WorldAtlas.com (website), February 16, 2024, www.worldatlas.com/ancient-world/why-were-roman-citizens-punished-for-wearing-purple.html.   Deutscher, Guy 2010   Through the Language Glass: Why the World Looks Different in Other Languages. Picador, New York, NY.    Editors of Encyclopaedia Britannica 2025   Kaleidoscope: Optical Device. Encyclopaedia Britannica (website), accessed July 11, 2025, www.britannica.com/technology/kaleidoscope.   Eriksen Translations 2025   How Translating Colors Across Cultures Can Help You Make a Positive Impact. Eriksen Translations (website), February 3, 2020, eriksen.com/marketing/ color_culture/.   Finlay, Victoria 2002   Color: A Natural History of the Palette. Random House Trade Paperbacks, New York, NY.    Fox, James 2021   The World According to Color: A Cultural History. Penguin Books, London, UK.    Girard, Jeremy 2019   Visual Color Symbolism Chart by Culture. ThoughtCo, September 25, 2019, www.thoughtco.com/visual-color-symbolism-chart-by-culture-4062177.   Gloye, Eugene E. 1957   Why Are There Primary Colors? The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Critism, Sep., 1957, Vol. 16, No. 1 (Sep., 1957), pp. 128-131.   Gregonis, Linda M. and Victoria R. Evans 2025   The Hohokam and Their World: An Exploration of Art and Iconography. The University of Arizona Press, Tucson, AZ.   Haviland, William A., Dana Walrath, Harold E. L. Prins, and Bunny McBride 2011   Evolution and Prehistory: The Human Challenge, Ninth Edition. Wadsworth, Cengage Learning, Belmont, CA.   Jones, Nicola 2022   Over the Rainbow: How Culture Shapes Color. Atmos (website), November 1, 2022, atmos.earth/over-the-rainbow-color-perception-science/.   Jones, Tim 2010   Unweaving the Rainbow. Communicate Science (website), February 28, 2010, communicatescience.com/zoonomian/2010/02/28/unweaving-the-rainbow/.   Josserand, Mathilde, Emma Meeussen, Asifa Majid, and Dan Dediu 2021   Environment and Culture Shape Both the Colour Lexicon and the Genetics of Colour Perception. Nature.com, September 27, 2021, www.nature.com/ articles/ s41598-021-98550-3.   Kareklas, Ioannis, Frederic F. Brunel, and Robin A. Coulter 2014   Judgment Is Not Color Blind. Journal of Consumer Psychology, Vol. 24, No. 1 (January 2014), pp. 87-95.   Kean, Sam 2022   Could Claude Monet See Like a Bee? Distillations Magazine, January 11, 2022, www.sciencehistory.org/stories/magazine/could-claude-monet-see-like-a-bee/.   Keats, John 2025   Lamia. Part II. Poeticous (website), www.poeticous.com/keats/lamia-part-ii, accessed July 14, 2025.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011   Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Madden, Thomas J., Kelly Hewett, and Martin S. Roth 2000   Managing Images in Different Cultures: A Cross-National Study of Color Meanings and Preferences. Journal of International Marketing, 2000, Vol. 8, No. 4 (2000), pp. 90-107.     Meyers, Harriet 2021   Can Dogs See Color? American Kennel Club (website), December 7, 2021,   www.akc.org/expert-advice/health/can-dogs-see-color/.     Nostalgia Central 2025   X-Ray Specs. Nostalgia Central (website), nostalgiacentral.com/pop-culture/fads/x-ray-specs/, accessed July 12, 2025.   Psychology Today 2025   Synesthesia. Psychology Today (website), accessed June 9, 2025 www.psychologytoday.com/us/basics/synesthesia.   Qiblawi, Adnan 2024   Art Bites: Could Monet See into the Ultraviolet Spectrum. ArtNet, September 18, 2024, news.artnet.com/art-world/art-bites-could-monet-see-into-the-ultraviolet-spectrum-2538474.   Robinson, Jefferson 2022   Colour Semiotics and What They Mean in Other Cultures. Buzzword (website), February 27, 2022, buzzwordcreative.co.uk/colour-semiotics-and-what-they-mean-in-other-cultures/.   Shech, Elay and Michaeol Watkins 2025   Colors are objective, according to two philosophers—even though the blue you see doesn’t match what I see. The Conversation, April 25, 2025,  theconversation.com/colors-are-objective-according-to-two-philosophers-even-though-the-blue-you-see-doesnt-match-what-i-see-234467.   SmarterTravel 2016   What Colors Mean in Other Cultures. HuffPost.com, January 26, 2016, www.huffpost.com/entry/what-colors-mean-in-other_b_9078674.   St. Clair, Kassia 2016   The Secret Lives of Color. Penguin Books, New York, NY.   Wikipedia.org 2025   I Wanna Sex You Up. Wikipedia.org  (website), accessed July 11, 2025, https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I_Wanna_Sex_You_Up.

    1h 16m

  3. 7 JUL

    Episode 78: BYOP (Bring Your Own Pronoun): The Profound Power of Personal Pronouns.

    Pronouns are little words that cause big problems. In this episode, The Two Humans discuss the quest for a non-gendered, third-person, personal pronoun. Episode 78: BYOP (Bring Your Own Pronoun): The Profound Power of Personal Pronouns. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Anderson, James 1792 Grammatical Disquisitions. The Bee or Literary Weekly Intelligencer, Volume Eleventh, James Anderson, Edinburgh, Scotland, pp. 120-130.    Baron, Dennis 2020 What’s Your Pronoun? Beyond He & She. Liveright Publishing Corporation, New York, NY.     Behrens, Susan J.  2014 English Pronouns Revealed. Research and Teaching in Developmental Education, Spring 2014, Vol. 30, No. 2, (Spring 2014), pp. 91-95.     Blake, Frank R.  1934 The Origin of Pronouns of the First and Second Person. The American Journal of Philology, Vol. 55, No. 3 (1934), pp. 244-248.    Bullock, Barbara 2001 On the Use of ils for elles: Gender Syncretism in the History of French. The French Review, Mar., 2001, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Mar., 2001), pp. 700-709   Curzan, Anne 1996 Third Person Pronouns in the ‘Peterborough Chronicle.’ Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1996, Vol. 97, No. 3 (1996), pp. 301-314.   Fleming, Grace 2018 Dangling Participle: Explanation and Examples. ThoughtCo.com, December 22, 2018, www.thoughtco.com/what-is-a-dangling-participle-1857150. Flom, George T. 1908 Contributions to the History of English. I: The Origin of the Pronoun “She.” The Journal of English and Germanic Philology, Apr., 1908, Vol. 7, No. 2 (Apr., 1908), pp. 115-125.     Foertsch, Julie and Morton Ann Gernsbacher 1997 In Search of Gender Neutrality: Is Singular “They” a Cognitively Efficient Substitute for Generic “He”? Psychological Science, Mar., 1997, Vol. 8, No. 2 (mar., 1997), pp. 106-111.    Grammarly.com 2024 What Are Split Infinitives? Meaning and Examples. Grammarly.com, January 18, 2024, www.grammarly.com/blog/grammar/split-infinitives/.   Hogan, Pat, Gayle Roberts and Farren Gillaspie 2017 Why Does Language Matter? Counterpoints, 2017, Vol. 485, Basically Queer: An Intergeneration Introduction to LGBTQA2S+ Lives (2017), pp. 8-17.    Hope, Jonathan 1993 Second Person Singular Pronouns in Records of Early Modern ‘Spoken’ English. Neuphilologische Mitteilungen, 1993, Vol. 94, No. 1 (1993), pp. 83-100.    HRC Foundation 2025 Glossary of Terms. Human Rights Campaign (website), accessed May 26, 2025, www.hrc.org/resources/glossary-of-terms.   Kottak, Conrad Phillip 2011 Cultural Anthropology: Appreciating Cultural Diversity, Fourteenth Addition. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY. Lakoff, Robin Tolmach 1975 Language and Woman’s Place in Language and Woman’s Place: Text and Commentaries (ed. by Mary Bucholz), 2004, Oxford University Books, Oxford, UK. 1990 Talking Power: The Politics of Language. Basic Books, New York, NY.     Livia, Anna 2001 Pronoun Envy: Literary Uses of Linguistic Gender. Oxford University Press, New York, NY.     MacNamara, Jessica, Sarah Glann and Paul Durlak 2017 Experiencing Misgendered Pronouns: A Classroom Activity to Encourage Empathy. Teaching Sociology, JULY 2017, Vol. 45, No. 3 (JULY 2017), pp. 269-278.   Martyna, Wendy 1980 Beyond the “He/Man” Approach: The Case for Nonsexist Language. Signs, Spring, 1980, Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1980), pp. 482-493.   McWhorter, John 2025 Pronoun Trouble: The Story of Us in Sevel Little Words. Avery, New York, NY.     Pennebaker, James W. 2011 The Secret Life of Pronouns: What Our Words Say about Us. Bloomsbury Publishing, New York, NY.    Schilt, Kristen and Laurel Westbrook 2015 Bathroom Battlegrounds and Penis Panics. Contexts, SUMMER 2015, Vol. 11, No. 3, Moving through Time and Space (SUMMER 2015), pp. 26-31.    Scribendi.com 2025 Where Did the Oxford Comma Come From, and Why Is It So Important?. Scribendi.com (website), accessed July 5, 2025, www.scribendi.com/academy/ articles/oxford_comma_importance.en.html.     Shakespeare, William 2025 Act 3, Scene 1 from Romeo and Juliet. The Folger Shakespeare Library (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.folger.edu/explore/shakespeares-works/romeo-and-juliet/read/3/1/. 2025 Speech: O Romeo, Romeo, wherefore art thou Romeo. Poetry Foundation (website), accessed June 11, 2025, www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/56974/ speech-o-romeo-romeo-wherefore-art-thou-romeo.   Simpson, Paul and Andrea Mayr 2010 Language and Power: A Resource Book for Students. Routledge, Abingdon, UK.     Stock, Braxton Phoenix 2023 Understanding Gender Identity. Braxton Phoenix Stock, Coppell, TX.     Svartengren, T. Hilding 1927 The Feminine Gender for Inanimate Things in Anglo-American. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 83-113.    Swick, Ed 2011 English Pronouns and Prepositions (Second Edition). McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.     Vocabulary.com 2025 “Dangling Participle.” Vocabulary.com Dictionary (website), accessed June 10, 2025, https://www.vocabulary.com/dictionary/dangling participle.   Yorkston, Eric and Gustavo E. De Mello 2005 Linguistic Gender Marking and Categorization. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2, (September 2005), pp. 224-234.

    1h 29m

  4. 2 JUN

    Episode 77: Iron Age House: “Living in the Past” and the Evolution of Reality TV

    The Two Humans go searching for the Iron Age and discover the ancestor of reality television instead.   Episode 77: Iron Age House: “Living in the Past” and the Evolution of Reality TV An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Anderson, Jay 1982 Living History: Simulating Everyday Life in Living Museums. American Quarterly, Vol. 34, No. 3 (1982), pp. 290-306.   BFI Screenonline 2025 Living in the Past (1978). BFI Screenonline (website), accessed May 31, 2025, screenonline.org.uk/tv/id/583427/.   Current Archaeology 2025 Building the Past: Reconstructing a Late Neolithic House from Wyke Down. Current Archaeology, April 28, 2025, Issue 423, the-past.com/feature/building-the-past-reconstructing-a-late-neolithic-house-from-wyke-down/#.   Dolan, Brian 2016 Making Iron in the Irish Midlands: The Social and Symbolic Role of Iron Age Ironworkers. The Journal of Irish Archaeology, Vol. 25 (2016), pp. 31-48.   Dowling, Tim 2015 10,000 BC Review: ‘It might make you wish you lived in a time before television.’ The Guardian, February 3, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/03/10000-bc-review-channel-5-reality-series#:~:text=It.   Firstbrook, Peter 2001 Surviving the Iron Age. BBC Worldwide Ltd, London, UK.   Greene, Kevin and Tom Moore 2010 Archaeology: An Introduction (Fifth Edition). Routledge, London, UK.   Hodder, Ian 2001 Introduction: A Revival of Contemporary Theoretical Debates in Archaeology. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 1-13.Jodelka, Filipa 2015 10,000 BC: ‘They’d face disaster in their modern lives, never mind the prehistoric ones. The Guardian, February 7, 2015, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2015/feb/02/10000-bc-reality-show-preview.   Llawerch, Will 2022 The Little Book of Iron Age Skills. Endeavour Productions Canada, Coppell, TX.   McCarthy, Patrick 2014 “Living History” As the “Real Thing”: A Comparative Analysis of the Modern Mountain Man Rendezvous, Renaissance Fairs, and Civil War Reenactments. ETC: A Review of General Semantics, April 2014, Vol. 71, No. 2 (April 2014), pp. 106-123.   Nussbaum, Emily 2024 Cue the Sun: The Invention of Reality TV. Random House, New York, NY.   Percival, John 1980 Living in the Past: A Journey Back to the Iron Age. British Broadcasting Corporation, London, UK.     Peterson, David 1988 IN MY OPINION: There Is No Living History, There Are No Time Machines. History News, September/October 1988, Vol. 43, No. 5 (September/October 1988), pp. 28-30.   Poole, Michael (Executive Producer) 2007 What Happened Next? Living in the Past. [Television Program]. BBC Bristol. Powell, Eric A. 2015 Hillforts of the Iron Age. Archaeology, November/December 2015, Vol. 68, No. 6 (November/December 2015), pp. 54-56, 58, 60, 62-63.    Renfrew, Colin 2001 Symbol before Concept: Material Engagement and the Early Development of Society. Archaeological Theory Today (ed. Ian Hodder), pp. 122-140.   Renfrew, Colin and Paul Bahn 2008 Archaeology: Theories, Methods, and Practice (Fifth Edition). Thames and Hudson, New York, NY.   Rose, Randall L. and Stacy L. Wood 2005 Paradox and the Consumption of Authenticity through Reality Television. Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 32, No. 2 (September 2005), pp. 284-296.    Williams, Joe 2025 Beltain Celtic Fire Festival at Butser Ancient Farm – Crowds Dazzled by Burning of 40 ft. Wickerman. The News, May 4, 2025, www.portsmouth.co.uk/news /people/beltain-celtic-fire-festival-at-butser-ancient-farm-crowds-dazzled-by-burning-of-40ft-wickerman-5112680.

    1h 19m

  5. 12 MAY

    Episode 76: Come on! Daddy Needs a New Pair of Shoes

    Calling all high rollers! The Two Humans roll the dice and discuss why humans love to gamble. Trust me, this episode is a sure bet! Episode 76: Come on! Daddy Needs a New Pair of Shoes An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources: American Gaming Association 2025 Commercial Gaming Tracker. American Gaming Association (website), April 17, 2025, www.americangaming.org/resources/commercial-gaming-revenue-tracker/.   Anonymous, Henrietta Bowden-Jones, and Sanju George 2012 Gambling Addiction. BMJ: British Medical Journal, 7 January 2012, Vol. 344, No. 7838 (7 January 2012), pp. 47-49.    Asbury, Herbert 1938 Sucker’s Progress: An Informal History of Gambling in America. Thunder’s Mouth Press, New York, NY.   Betts, Anna 2025 Sports Betting Firms Claim Their Programs Are ‘Not Designed’ to Enable Problem Bettors—But Advocates Are Skeptical. The Guardian, February 22, 2025, www.theguardian.com/us-news/2025/feb/22/sports-betting-vip-programs.   Borghesi, Richard 2008 Widespread Corruption in Sports Gambling: Fact or Fiction? Southern Economic Journal, Apr., 2008, Vol. 74, No. 4 (Apr., 2008), pp. 1063-1069.    Carran, Malzgorzata (Margaret)  2013 Minors and Gambling Addiction. European Journal of Risk Regulation, 2013, Vol. 4, No. 4 (2013), pp. 509-520.    Chadwick, Meloney Crawford 2004 Gambling. GPSolo, OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004, Vol. 21, No. 7, More Bumps in the Road (OCTOBER/NOVEMBER 2004), pp. 46-47.  Cline, Austin 2017 Macuilxochitl: Macuilxochitl, God of Gambling in Aztec Religion. Learn Religions,  March 15, 2017, www.learnreligions.com/macuilxochitl-aztec-god-of-gambling-248585.    DraftKings 2025 What Is a Point Spread Bet? DraftKings (website), accessed May 3, 2025, help.draftkings.com/hc/en-us/articles/4405230599955-What-is-a-point-spread-bet-US.   Duke University Medical Center 2005 Gambling Monkeys Give Insight into the Neural Machinery of Risk. Science Daily.com (website), August 23, 2005, www.sciencedaily.com/releases/ 2005/ 08/050823080657.htm.   Eadington, William R. 1999 The Journal of Economic Perspectives, Summer, 1999, Vol. 13, No. 3 (Summer, 1999), pp. 173-192.    Fisher, Eric 2025 Americans Bet $148 Billion on Sports in 2024, Up 23.6%. Front Office Sports, February 20, 2025, frontofficesports.com/americans-bet-148-billion-on-sports-in-2024-up-23-6/.   Greenberg, Doug 2025 U.S. Sports Betting Industry Post Record $13.7B Revenue for ’24. ESPN, February 19, 2025, www.espn.com/espn/betting/story/_/id/43922129/us-sports-betting-industry-posts-record-137b-revenue-24.   Guardian Staff 2025 John Oliver on US Sports Betting: ‘It Shouldn’t Be This Easy to Love This Much. The Guardian, March 17, 2025, www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2025/mar/17/john-oliver-last-week-tonight-betting.   Haines, Lester 2004 HK Feds Bust Illegal Cricket Fighting Ring. The Register, August 16, 2004, https://www.theregister.com/2004/08/16/cricket_fighting_ring/.   Henson, Steve 2025 Fans Say the Games Are Rigged for the Chiefs. Are the Officials on Kansas City’s Side.The Los Angeles Times, January 27, 2025, sports.yahoo.com/ officials-favoring-chiefs-drue-tranquill-190921412.html.   Janvrin, Richard 2025 Point Spread Betting: Sports Betting Guide. PennLive.com, April 2, 2025, www.pennlive.com/betting/guides/pointspread/.   Lesieur, Henry R. and Robert L. Custer 1984 Pathological Gambling: Roots, Phases, and Treatment. The Annals of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, Jul., 1984, Vol. 474, Gambling: Views from the Social Sciences (Jul., 1984), pp. 146-156.   Nair, Nitten 2025 Macuilxochitl: God of Games. MythLok (website), accessed May 5, 2025, mythlok.com/macuilxochitl/.   Ouellette, Jennifer 2024 Archaeologist Believe This Bronze Age Board Game Is the Oldest Yet Found. Arstechnica.com, September 16, 2024, arstechnica.com/science/2024/09/ archaeologists-believe-this-bronze-age-board-game-is-the-oldest-yet-found/.   Pappas, Stephanie 2022 Ancient Game Board Could Be a Missing Link Tied to the Egyptian Book of the Dead. Live Science, August 26, 2022, www.livescience.com/board-game-tied-to-egyptian-book-of-dead.html. Parlett, David 2025 Faro. Encyclopedia Britannica (website), accessed May 5, 2025, www.britannica.com/topic/faro-card-game.   Perdum, David 2024 Study: ‘Angry Bettors’ behind Growing Abuse of NCAA Athletes. ESPN, October 28, 2024, www.espn.com/college-sports/story/_/id/41665899/study-angry-bettors-growing-abuse-ncaa-athletes.   Reynolds, Mike 2024 American Gaming Association: Legal Sports Betting Hit Record Revenue in 2023. S&P Global, February 21, 2024, www.spglobal.com/market-intelligence/en/news-insights/articles/2024/2/american-gaming-association-legal-sports-betting-hits-record-revenue-in-2023-80522087.   Schwartz, David G. 2006 Roll the Bones: The History of Gambling. Gotham Books, New York, NY.   Smith, Travis R., Michael J. Beran, and Michael E. Young 2017 Gambling in Rhesus Macaques (Macaca mulatta): The Effects of Cues Signaling Risky Choice Outcomes. Learning & Behavior, April 18, 2017, Vol. 45, pp. 288-299.   Stinchfield, Randy and Ken C. Winters 1998 Gambling and Problem Gambling among Youths. The Annals of Political and Social Science, Mar., 1998, Vol. 556, Gambling: Socioeconomic Impacts and Public Policy (Mar., 1998), pp. 172-185.    Traina, Jimmy 2025 Troy Aikman Talks about Calling Out Refs, NFL During Texans-Chiefs Playoff Game.Sports Illustrated, January 30, 2025, www.krqe.com/sports/sports-illustrated/c9c44025/troy-aikman-talks-about-calling-out-refs-nfl-during-texans-chiefs-playoff-game/.

    1h 17m

  6. 28 APR

    Episode 75: I’ll Topia if U-topia: Why It’s So Hard to Create a Perfect World.

    Think YOU can do it better? In this episode, The Two Humans take a swing at creating a better world. The suggestion box is outside the entrance to the communal showers. Episode 75: I’ll Topia if U-topia: Why It’s So Hard to Create a Perfect World. An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources: Backhouse, Fid and others 2025 Cambodian Genocide. The Encyclopedia Britannica, March 21, 2025, www.britannica.com/event/Cambodian-Genocide.   Budds, Diana 2019 Inside Paraguay’s Failed Aryan ‘Utopia.’ Curbed, June 28, 2019, archive.curbed.com/2019/6/28/18744439/nueva-germania-failed-utopia.   Claeys, Gregory 2011 Searching for Utopia: The History of an Idea. Thames & Hudson, New York, NY.  2017 Dystopia: A Natural History. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Delano, Sterling F.  2004 Brook Farm: The Dark Side of Utopia. Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA.     Dobson, Jim 2023 How to Rule Your Own Country: Inside the Outrageous World of Micronations. Forbes, September 21, 2023, www.forbes.com/sites/jimdobson/2023/09/21/how-to-rule-your-own-country-inside-the-outrageous-world-of-micronations/.   Douglas, Jennifer 2022 Failed Dreams of Building ‘New Australia’ Utopia in Australia in Paraguay Jungle in 19th Century. Australian Broadcasting Corporation News, November 26, 2022 www.abc.net.au/news/2022-11-27/history-of-failed-attempt-to-build-new-australia-in-paraguay/101590946.   Greekgodsandgoddesses.net 2022 Elysium. Greekgodsandgoddesses.net, January 24, 2022, greekgodsandgoddesses.net/myths/elysium/.   Greene, Vivien 2011 Utopia/Dystopia. American Art, Vol. 25, No. 2 (Summer 2011), pp. 2-7.    Griffin, Sean 2018 Antislavery Utopias. Journal of the Civil War Era, Vol. 8, No. 2, The Future of Abolition Studies: A Special Issue (June 2018), pp. 243-268.   Hesiod 2025 Hesiod, Works and Days (trans. Gregory Nagy). Harvard University’s Center for Hellenic Studies (website), accessed April 27, 2025, chs.harvard.edu/primary-source/hesiod-works-and-days-sb/.   Kagan, Paul 1975 New World Utopias: A Photographic History of the Search for Community. Penguin Books, New York, NY.    Kumar, Krishan 2010 The Ends of Utopia. New Literary History, Summer 2010, Vol. 41, No. 3 (Summer 2010), pp. 549-569.    Lewis, Danny 2016 This Art Show Looks at 500 Years of Failed Utopias. Smithsonian Magazine, December 29, 2016, www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/art-show-looks-500-years-failed-utopias-180961587/.   More, Thomas 2003 Utopia (trans. Paul Turner). Penguin Books, New York, NY.   National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial 2025 National Cambodian Heritage Museum and Killings Field Memorial (website), www.cambodianmuseum.org/remembering-the-killing-fields.   National Park Service  2023 Secular Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 23, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/000/secular-utopias-in-america.htm. 2023 Utopias in America. National Park Service (website), October 24, 2023, www.nps.gov/articles/utopias-in-america.htm.   Orwell, George 1949 1984. Berkley/Mariner, New York, NY.    Reed, Lawrence 2021 The Dark Side of Paradise: A Brief History of America’s Utopian Experiments in Communal Living. Foundation for Economic Education (website), June 13, 2021, fee.org/articles/the-dark-side-of-paradise-a-brief-history-of-americas-utopian-experiments-in-communal-living/.   Rickett, Oscar 2018 Failed ‘Utopias’ Throughout History. VICE, April 9, 2018, www.vice.com/ en/article/failed-utopias-throughout-history-v25n1/.   Sargent, Lyman Tower and Lucy Sargisson 2014 Sex in Utopia: Eutopian and Dystopian Sexual Relations. Utopian Studies, Vol. 25, No. 2 (2014), pp. 299-320.    Savage, Rachel 2012 The World’s Top 5 Failed Utopias. The Isis, May 15, 2012, isismagazine. org.uk/about-us/

    1h 17m

  7. 21 MAR

    Episode 74: Taking a Sit: 5,000 Years of Taking a Load Off

    You better take a knee because in this episode, The Two Humans discuss everything from squatting to bean bag chairs. Episode 74: Taking a Sit: 5,000 Years of Taking a Load Off An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011 Resources:   Bennett, Henry Eastman 1925 A Study of School Posture and Seating. The Elementary School Journal, Sep., 1925, Vol. 26, No. 1 (Sep., 1925), pp. 50-57.    British Medical Journal 1904 School Desks and Posture. The British Medical Journal, Vol. 2, No. 2288 (Nov. 5, 1904), pp. 1263-1264.    Chockalingam, Nachiappan 2020 Sitting on the Floor: Is It Better Than Sitting in a Chair? The Conversation, July 29, 2020, www.cnn.com/2020/07/29/health/floor-sitting-benefits-wellness-partner/index.html.   Danto, Arthur C. 1987 The Seat of the Soul: Three Chairs. Grand Street, Summer, 1987, Vol. 6, No. 4 (Summer, 1987), pp. 157-176.    Dhawan, Nikhil 2020 A Brief History of Sitting. Students of Living (website), July 19, 2020, www.studentsofliving.com/post/a-brief-history-of-sitting#.   Fuller, Robert C. and Derek E. Montgomery 2015 Body Posture and Religious Attitudes. Archiv fur Religionspsychologie/Archive for the Psychology of Religion, 2015, Vol. 37, No. 3 (2015), pp. 227-239.   Harris, Trudier 1996 Porch-Sitting as a Creative Southern Tradition. Southern Cultures, 1996, Vol. 2, No. 3/4 (1996), pp. 441-460.  Hewes, Gordon W. 1955 World Distribution of Postural Habits. American Anthropologist, Apr., 1955, New Series, Vol. 57, No. 2, Part 1 (Apr., 1955), pp. 231-244.    Icalla, Del 2024 Japanese Sitting Traditions. Nipino.com (website), January 19, 2024, www.nipino.com/japanese-sitting-traditions.     Jameson, Marni 2014 Sitting through History: Chair Designs through the Ages Reflect Changes in Materials, Technology, and Society. The Times Picayune, October 13, 2014, www.nola.com/entertainment_life/home_garden/sitting-through-history-chair-designs-through-the-ages-reflect-changes-in-materials-technology-and-society/article_5d27d534-7d87-5f75-b4cd-d9977fa74c04.html.   Katella, Kathy 2019 Why Is Sitting So Bad for Us? Yale Medicine, August 28, 2019, www.yalemedicine.org/news/sitting-health-risks.    Kikuchi, Hiroyuki, Shigeru Inoue, Yuko Odagiri, Manami Inoue, et al. 2015 Occupational Sitting Time and Risk of All-Cause Mortality among Japanese Workers. Scandinavian Journal of Work, Environment & Health, November 2015, Vol. 41, No. 6 (November 2015), pp. 519-528.    Rybczynski, Witold 2016 Now I Sit Me Down: From Klismos to Plastic Chair (A Natural History). Farrar, Straus and Giroux, New York, NY.    Straker, Leon M., Peter B. O’Sullivan, Anne Smith, and Mark Perry 2007 Computer Use and Habitual Spinal Posture in Australian Adolescents. Public Health Reports (1974-), Sep. – Oct., 2007, Vol. 122, No. 5 (Sep. – Oct., 2007), pp. 634-643.    Tenner, Edward 1997 How the Chair Conquered the World. The Wilson Quarterly (1976-), Spring, 1997, Vol. 21, No. 2 (Spring, 1997), pp. 64-70.    Yosifon, David and Peter N. Stearns 1998 The Rise and Fall of American Posture. The American Historical Review, Oct., 1998, Vol. 103, No. 4 (Oct., 1998), pp.1057-1095.

    1h 17m

  8. 10 MAR

    Episode 73: Slinging the Slang

    Are you a hepcat, a skibidi rizzler, an NPC, or a square? In this episode, The Two Humans wrap their tongues around the latest lingo. You dig, Daddy-o? Episode 73: Slinging the Slang An Intro to Anthro with 2 Humans Human Number One, John McCray, and Human Number Two, John Lehr, re-assess what it means to be human. http://www.intro2anthro.podbean.com https://www.facebook.com/profile.php?id=100093893313542 IG @introtoanthrowith2humans Merch: www.cafepress.com/shop/TheCaveShoppe/products?designId=136195011   Resources:   Behrens, Cole 2024   Did You Just Get Mogged by a Skibidi Rizzler? Gen Alpha Slang Explained. The Columbus Dispatch, August 17, 2024, www.dispatch.com/story/ news/local/2024/08/17/skibidi-toilet-ohio-rizz-gen-alpha-slang-terms-meaning/74702923007/   Cassidy, Daniel 2007   How the Irish Invented Slang: The Secret Language of the Crossroads. CounterPunch, Petrolia, CA.   Coleman, Julie 2012   The Life of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Cook, Tim 2013   Fighting Words: Canadian Soldiers’ Slang and Swearing in the Great War. War in History, July 2013, Vol. 20, No. 3 (July 2013), pp. 323-344.   Gates, Shivonne M. and Christian Idbury 2019   Standard Language Ideology and the Non-Standard Adolescent Speaker. Voices and Practices in Applied Linguistics: Diversifying a Discipline (ed. C. Wright, L. Harvey, and J. Simpson), White Rose University Press, York, UK, pp. 109-125.   Green, Jonathon 2015   The Vulgar Tongue: Green’s History of Slang. Oxford University Press, Oxford, UK.   Holmes, Janet and Nick Wilson 2017   An Introduction to Sociolinguistics (Fifth Edition). Routledge, Abingdon, UK.   Kipfer, Barbara Ann (ed.) 2008   American Slang (Fourth Edition). HarperCollins, New York, NY.   Mathews, Sr., Michael R. 2025   Slang Through the Ages. Michael R. Mathews, Sr. (self-published), January 9, 2025.   McPhee, M. C. 1927   College Slang. American Speech, Dec., 1927, Vol. 3, No. 2 (Dec., 1927), pp. 131-133.   McRae, Rick 2001   ‘What Is Hip?’ and Other Inquiries in Jazz Slang Lexicography. Notes, Mar., 2001, Second Series, Vol. 57, No. 3 (Mar., 2001), pp. 574-584.   Morin, Amy 2025   Parents, Here’s the 2025 Teen Slang You Need to Know. Parents, January 9, 2025, www.parents.com/teen-slang-dictionary-for-parents-8547711.   Puchner, Martin 2020   The Language of Thieves. W. W. Norton & Company, New York, NY.   Rizzler, Ohio 2024   Brainrot: The Gen-A Slang Lexicon. Elevated Publishing, Coppell, TX.   Rodrigues, Isabelle and Ted Neather 2007   Streetwise French: Speak and Understand Everyday French. McGraw-Hill, New York, NY.   Sullivan, Joseph M 1921   Criminal Slang. The Virginia Law Review, May, 1921, New Series, Vol. 7, No. 1 (May, 1921), pp. 9-17.   Tanner, Jeremy 2024   The 10 Most Searched for Slang Words of 2024. MSN.com, November 3, 2024, www.msn.com/en-us/news/world/see-the-10-most-searched-for-slang-words-of-2024/ar-AA1tqIvC.   Thrush, Catherine 2015   A New Look at Old Words: Street Slang from the 1600s to 1800s. Urban Realms, urbanrealms.com.   Whitman, Walt 1885   Slang in America. The North American Review, Nov., 1885, Vol. 141, No. 348 (Nov., 1885), pp. 431-435.

    1h 18m
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