英語で学ぶ世界の歴史〜Takeko's Historedio〜ヒストレディオ

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英語の文章を読んで英語と世界史を同時に勉強できる「ヒストレディオ」。英語が苦手だけど好き！世界史が苦手、だけど勉強してみたい！そんな皆さんのためのpodcastです。文章はウェブサイトに掲載しています。 ▶番組のページは http://tn8.jp/historedio/

Episodes

  1. 04/29/2024

    page8〜縄文土器 一万年以上続いた日本の先史・縄文時代

    大変申し訳ありませんが編集が一部ミスをしておりました、本日中にアップデートいたしますので少々お待ちください。キャッシュに古いものがダウンロードされている場合5/2以降に再ダウンロードをお願い致します。 ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page8〜やっぱり土器だね・縄文時代/ ▶単語 eponymous 名を冠した knead　こねる undergo 経験する thick-walled 厚みのある leap　跳ねる leach アクを抜く horse chestnut ときのき ▶英文 The Jōmon period, a prehistoric era in Japan that lasted for more than ten thousand years approximately between 15,000 and 2,400 BCE, is eponymous with the style of pottery that was a defining feature of the period. Jōmon is a Japanese word meaning “cord-marked,” and as the name suggests, Jōmon pottery is distinguished by its unique cord-mark patterns. The pottery was used not only in daily life but also for social and religious ceremonies. For instance, it is said that the corpses of small children were buried in Jōmon vessels. Jōmon pottery pieces were formed by coiling, which involved kneading clay into long strips and coiling the strips one on top of another while smoothing out the joints between them. The resulting pieces, having been decorated, then underwenta simple low-temperature firing process in an open fire. Because of this method of production, Jōmon pottery is generally thick-walled and fragile. Archaeologists divide the Jōmon period into six stages, during which the style of the pottery (such as its patterning, thickness, and color) changed. There were pieces without cord marks and others decorated with seashells. The color ranged from blackish- to reddish-brown, depending on the type of clay used and the firing conditions. These pottery pieces reflect not only the lifestyle of the Jōmon people but also the development of their artistic sensibilities and technological skills. Among the pieces, the flame-style pottery made during the middle Jōmon period, the complex shape of which resembles leaping flames, is still highly regarded for its artistic quality. The emergence of Jōmon pottery led to such cooking techniques as boiling, making it possible to leach toxins from horse chestnuts and acorns and facilitated the storage of foodstuffs. It allowed a broader range of foods to be consumed, bringing significant stability to people’s diets. It is said that this improvement in diet contributed to the Jōmon people enjoying longer lifespans. Thus, Jōmon pottery can be considered a crucial element when discussing the Jōmon period. ▶クイズ No.1 What are the characteristic features of Jomon period pottery? No.2 What were the uses of Jōmon pottery? No.3 What is the name of a famous type of pottery from the Middle Jomon period?

    29 min

  2. 03/30/2024

    page8〜縄文式土器（英文のみ）

    今月は編集が間に合わずまずは英文のみをお届けします。数日以内に和訳や解説をアップロードします。

    3 min

  3. 02/28/2024

    page7〜一万年以上続いた日本の先史・縄文時代 後編

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page6〜一万年以上続いた日本の先史・縄文時代/ ▶単語 migratory fish 回遊魚 sedentary　定住の subsequent　あとに続く、その後の marine transgressions　海進 marine regressions　海退 mounds　土塁 Holocene 完新世 ▶英文 This area is blessed with forest and aquatic resources. Cool-temperate deciduous broadleaved forests consisting chiefly of beech spread widely, and the intersection of warm and cold currents create ideal fishing conditions off the coast. Also, migratory fish** such as salmon and trout swim upstream in the rivers. Under such environmental conditions, people living in Northern Japan were able to secure food in a stable manner, and they initiated a sedentary way of life using pottery around 15,000 years ago. Over the subsequent 10,000 years, they continued a lifestyle based on hunting, fishing, and gathering, adapting to environmental changes such as climate warming and cooling and the corresponding marine transgressions and regressions. Already in the very early stage of sedentary life, they developed a complex spiritual culture. They made graves and created dumping grounds, artificial earthen mounds, and stone circles that were used for rituals and ceremonies. These were built for ancestor and nature worship, for prayer for the fertility of nature, or to confirm a social bond across the generations. The Jomon Prehistoric Sites in Northern Japan consist of 17 archaeological sites that illustrate the way of life of people at that time, including settlements, burial areas, and stone circles where rituals and ceremonies were performed. JOMON ARCHIVES https://jomon-japan.jp/en/ ▶クイズ No.1 How long did the Jomon period last? No.2 Why were the people of the Jomon period able to secure a stable food supply? No.3 What did the Jomon people believe in?

    25 min

  4. 01/28/2024

    page6〜一万年以上続いた日本の先史・縄文時代 前編

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page6〜一万年以上続いた日本の先史・縄文時代/ ▶単語 the Paleolithic period 旧石器時代 plain 平野 inner bays　内湾 marshes　沼地 deciduous 落葉性の broadleaved forests 広葉樹林 beech ブナ warm and cold currents　暖流と寒流 ▶英文 The Jomon period is an age of Japanese prehistory that spans a period of time from about 15,000 to 2,400 years ago. In Japan, the Jomon period was preceded by the Paleolithic period, a long period of cooler temperatures, and was followed by the Yayoi period, characterized by paddy rice cultivation and agriculture. Northern Japan, where the Jomon Prehistoric Sites are located, has varied landforms, such as mountains, hills, plains, and lowlands, as well as inner bays, lakes and marshes, and rivers with an abundant flow of water. This area is blessed with forests and aquatic resources. Cool-temperate deciduous broadleaved forests consisting chiefly of beech spread widely, and the intersection of warm and cold currents create ideal fishing conditions off the coast. JOMON ARCHIVES https://jomon-japan.jp/en/ ▶クイズ No.1 How long did the Jomon period last? No.2 Why were the people of the Jomon period able to secure a stable food supply? No.3 What did the Jomon people believe in?

    23 min

  5. TRAILER

    予告編・縄文時代をやるよ！

    Hello and welcome to Historedio. This is Takeko. I’m a lazy Japanese podcaster and an English and History learner. This is a short trailer episode. First, let me apologize I couldn’t release new episodes this month. I tried to write scripts for the next episodes which focus on the Jomon era in Japan. There are too many interesting things to talk about so it takes too long time to write and compile. I’ll upload the next episode in a month.

    3 min

  6. 11/24/2023

    コラム1〜Radiocarbon Dating 放射性炭素年代測定法について

    コラム「歴史コレクション」では英語で歴史を学ぶ上で疑問に思い調べたことをまとめています。今回は放射性炭素年代測定法について。そもそも放射性ってどういう事？どんな仕組みで調べているの？英語読んでみましょう！

    24 min

  7. 11/01/2023

    page5〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page5〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ ▶単語 Spartans スパルタ市民 Perioikoi　ペリオイコイ Helots　ヘイロータイ dwell　居住する armor　防具 captive　捕虜 oppressively　制圧的に uprising　反乱 ▶英文 In Sparta, there were three primary social divisions: the Spartans, the Perioikoi, and the Helots. The Spartans were the full citizens—the warriors I talked about in the previous episode. The Perioikoi, whose ancient Greek name means “dwellers around,” were traders and craftsmen and, in this latter role, produced weapons and armor for the Spartans. The Perioeci were also the only people allowed to travel freely outside Sparta’s borders, but they could not own property and were not allowed to vote. Unlike the Helots, they were free; however, they were not full Spartan citizens. The Helots, whose name means “captives,” were the indigenous people of the region of Laconia before it became Sparta. Having been conquered and enslaved by the Spartans, the Helots were made responsible for all the daily tasks necessary to maintain Spartan society, serving as farmers, servants, nurses, and sometimes even participating in warfare. The Helots outnumbered the Spartans, and it is estimated that there were more than seven times as many of them as Spartans, who often treated them oppressively and cruelly in an effort to prevent uprisings. ▶クイズ No.1 How many main groups were the Spartans divided into? No.2 What was the name of the group of people who were involved in commerce? No.3 What was the name of the group of people who were originally natives but became slaves?

    23 min

  8. 10/16/2023

    page4〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page4〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ ▶単語 citizenry 市民 cultivate 高める the story goes 一説によると legislator 立法者 Lycurgus リュクルゴス conjecture　推測 reform 改革 prowess　卓越した council of elders 元老院 unwieldy 扱いにくい ▶英文 The suppression of the rebellion required the Spartan citizenry to be overwhelmingly strong, as did ensuring that the citizens remained dominant. To cultivate the strongest Spartans, a unique system was established, so the story goes, by a legislator by the name of Lycurgus, although his existence is a matter of conjecture. The reforms attributed to him were intended to eliminate the gap between rich citizens and poor and to make military prowess paramount in Spartan culture. Lycurgus’s reforms included the establishment of a council of elders with two kings, thereby ensuring political stability; the rigorous educational system Agoge; the equal distribution of land; the prohibition of the use of precious metals; and the use of iron currencies made of heavy and unwieldy iron instead of precious gold. ▶クイズ No.1 Who instituted Sparta’s unique reforms? No.2 What was the aim of the reforms?　 No.3 What was one of the reforms introduced by a legislator?

    25 min

  9. 10/02/2023

    page3〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page3〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ/ ▶単語 compile　編纂する Dorians　ドーリア人 sometime　ある時に Achaeans　アカイア人 enslave　奴隷にする Helots　ヘイロタイ outnumber　数を上回る rebel　反抗する subjugation　服従させること suppress　制圧する ▶英文 The early history of Sparta was not recorded by the Spartans themselves but compiled from archaeological evidence and the literature of later civilizations. The Spartans were originally Dorians living in the far north of Greece who, sometime in the 10th century BCE, invaded the Peloponnese, and conquered the region’s indigenous Achaeans. The enslaved Achaeans were called Helots. They far outnumbered the Spartans and rebelled against their subjugation. So spartans are required to be superstrong to suppress the rebellion. ▶クイズ No.1 Where did the Spartan citizenry originally come from? No.2 What was the name of the indigenous people who were conquered and enslaved by Sparta? No.3 What were the enslaved indigenous people called in Spartan society?

    20 min

  10. 09/15/2023

    page2〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://www.tn8.jp/historedio/page2〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ/ ▶単語 rigorous 過酷な Agoge　アゴゲ、スパルタ教育 barracks　兵舎 austere　質素な meager 　不十分な rations　配給 forage　（食料を）探し回る Phalanx　ファランクス infantry　歩兵 warfare　戦闘（手段） ▶英文 At the age of seven, Spartan boys were separated from their parents and received a rigorous state-sponsored education and military training which is called Agoge. This educational system emphasized duty, discipline, and endurance. The boys were required to reside communally in barracks under austere conditions. They were subjected to constant mental and physical competition, often given meager rations to improve their ability to steal or forage for food. At age 30, Spartan males were allowed to leave the communal life but still remained on active duty until age 60. Spartan women did not serve in the military but were educated and given higher status and freedom than women in other city-states. The Spartan army was good at fighting in a “Phalanx”, the primary infantry battle formation in ancient Greek warfare. Armed infantry standing shoulder to shoulder in files several ranks deep. Then they would lock their shields together and advance on the enemy stabbing them with their spears. The Spartans achieved a level of mastery of the phalanx, through long years of rigorous physical and mental training. ▶クイズ No.1 What is the name of the educational system that Spartan boys joined? No.2 At what age were Spartan allowed to leave communal living? No.3 What was the name of the battle formation primarily used by the Spartan army?

    22 min

  11. 09/02/2023

    page1〜古代ギリシアの都市国家・スパルタ

    ▶英文と日本語、単語リストはこちら http://tn8.jp/historedio/ ▶単語 Sparta スパルタ（古代ギリシアの都市国家） Greece ギリシア city-state 都市国家 Laconia ラコニア the Peloponnese Peninsula　ペロポネソス半島 laconic  口数が少ない、無口な Athens アテネ interaction（〜間での） 交流、やりとり robust 強靭な、頑丈な loyalty　忠誠さ supreme 最高の ▶英文 Journey back in time to ancient Greece, approximately 2,000 years ago. In ancient Greece, there were over 1000 small states called city-states (or polis in Greek). Sparta is one of the city-states and it is especially famous for being the strongest city-state. Sparta was located in the region known as Laconia, in the southern part of the Peloponnese Peninsula in southern Greece, and existed from around the 10th century BCE to 146 BCE. Another well-known city-state was Athens, which left many notable achievements in philosophy, mathematics, thought, and art that had a great influence on later generations. In contrast, Sparta did not place importance on culture and devoted all its energies to military strength. Interactions with other city-states were not necessary for Spartans because they were able to produce enough grain domestically. Their focus was on being strong and robust, with loyalty to the state and training in the army being essential to Spartan culture. Sparta sometimes cooperated with Athens to protect them from other enemies. However, during the Peloponnesian War (431-404 BCE), Sparta defeated its rival city-state Athens and gained supreme power for the time being. ▶クイズ No.1 Where was the Sparta located? No2. What were cities like Athens and Sparta called? No3. When did Sparta begin and end?

    22 min

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英語の文章を読んで英語と世界史を同時に勉強できる「ヒストレディオ」。英語が苦手だけど好き！世界史が苦手、だけど勉強してみたい！そんな皆さんのためのpodcastです。文章はウェブサイトに掲載しています。 ▶番組のページは http://tn8.jp/historedio/

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