History 102 with WhatifAltHist's Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg

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History 102 with WhatifAltHist's Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg

Rudyard Lynch, creator of the enormously popular YouTube channel WhatifAltHist joins Erik Torenberg every week to offer a deeper understanding of critical moments in history. Together they identify patterns in order to predict the future and understand the dynamics that result in civilizations rising and falling. On this season we'll cover WW1, WW2, Classical Greece, Medieval Islam, the rise of Communism, and more. History 102 is a part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: www.turpentine.co

  1. Explaining 17th Century Western Europe

    5 DAYS AGO

    Explaining 17th Century Western Europe

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch is joined by business development executive and agriculture technology industry entrepreneur Austin Padgett and explore 17th century Western Europe's pivotal transformation. They examine how the Protestant-Catholic divide, parallel to modern political polarization, shaped warfare, science, and economics. The conversation reveals how the Dutch and English success in breaking monopolies and embracing agricultural innovation set the stage for the Industrial Revolution and modern capitalism. -- 📰 Be notified early when Turpentine's drops new publication: https://www.turpentine.co/exclusiveaccess -- SPONSOR: GIVEWELL GiveWell spends 50,000 hours every year doing deep-dives into different charitable programs to try to find the ways to do the most good for your dollar. GiveWell has now spent over 17 years researching charitable organizations and only directs funding to a few of the HIGHEST-IMPACT opportunities they’ve found. Visit https://www.givewell.org to find out more or make a donation. Select PODCAST and enter Econ 102 at checkout to make sure they know you heard about them from us. 📝 Notion offers powerful workflow and automation templates, perfect for streamlining processes and laying the groundwork for AI-driven automation. With Notion AI, you can search across thousands of documents from various platforms, generating highly relevant analysis and content tailored just for you - try it for free at notion.com/upstreampod  -- RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia -- TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (01:27) The 17th Century: On the Edge of Modernity (03:52) The Pike and Shot Era & Military Transitions (06:58) Mercenaries and Defensive Warfare (09:50) The French Revolution and Mass Conscription (10:40) Libertarian Perspective & The Shifting Political Compass (13:40) North Europe's Victory Over South Europe (17:26) Economic Factors and the Weakening of Monarchies (20:08) The Elizabethan Golden Age and the Secular Cycle (22:41) The Protestant Reformation and its Impact (26:47) Lessons from the 17th Century (28:04) The Thirty Years War and its Impact on Europe (30:00) Spain's Economic Failures as a Lesson (35:30) England and the Netherlands' Breakthroughs (36:24) The Scientific, Agricultural, and Social Revolutions (44:48) The Political Context of the 17th Century (49:51) The Enlightenment and the Thirty Years War's Legacy (1:00:54) Louis XIV's Reign and the Cultural High Point of France (1:02:08) Conclusion and U.S. Political Implications (1:02:50) Book Recommendations (1:03:46) The Importance of Agriculture (1:04:19) Wrap -- BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "The Global Crisis" by Geoffrey Parker "The Military Revolution" by Geoffrey Parker "The Age of Reason Begins" by Will Durant "The Age of Louis XIV"by Will Durant

    1h 7m
  2. 17th Century Eastern Europe

    11 OCT

    17th Century Eastern Europe

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive deep into the fascinating yet often overlooked realm of 17th century Eastern Europe. Join Rudyard and Erik as they bring this pivotal era to life: unravel the rise and fall of Poland-Lithuania, Russia's emergence as a great power, and Sweden's surprising dominance, and discover how Cossacks, Ottoman Turks, and visionary leaders shaped the region's destiny. With a blend of scholarly insight and engaging storytelling, Rudyard uncovers the absurdities, triumphs, and tragedies that defined this transformative century 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - SPONSOR: GIVEWELL GiveWell spends 50,000 hours every year doing deep-dives into different charitable programs to try to find the ways to do the most good for your dollar. GiveWell has now spent over 17 years researching charitable organizations and only directs funding to a few of the HIGHEST-IMPACT opportunities they’ve found. Visit https://www.givewell.org to find out more or make a donation. Select PODCAST and enter Econ 102 at checkout to make sure they know you heard about them from us. - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (01:39) Rudyard's Personal Connection to 17th Century Eastern Europe (03:15) The Three Great Frontiers of Western Civilization (06:18) Eastern Europe as a Frontier (08:18) Serfdom and the Role of the Church in Eastern Europe (13:44) Sponsor: Givewell (17:56) The Time of Troubles in Russia (22:10) The Rise and Fall of Poland-Lithuania (28:51) The Cossacks and the Deluge (34:41) The Rise of the Romanovs and the Conquest of Siberia (42:11) Sweden and the Rise of Gustavus Adolphus (49:56) The Turkish Empire and the Siege of Vienna (56:41) The Khanate of Crimea and the Saratov Line (59:56) Peter the Great, Charles XII, and the Great Northern War (1:04:41) Conclusion and Book Recommendations - BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Europe's Steppe Frontier: 1500-1800" by William H. McNeill "The Rise of the West" by William H. McNeill "Poland: A History" by Adam Zamoyski "Russia: A History" by Olli Vares "The Age of Reason Begins" by Will Durant "The Age of Louis XIV" by Will Durant

    1h 7m
  3. Long Ripples in History

    27 SEPT

    Long Ripples in History

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch is joined again by Bismarck Analysis's Samo Burja (podcast host: Live Players) for a mind-bending discussion and deep dive into the concept of "long ripples" — how ideas and events from the distant past continue to shape our present and future in unexpected ways. From Plato's influence on modern political movements to the unforeseen consequences of the Industrial Revolution, this conversation challenges our understanding of historical cause and effect. Are we truly progressing, or are we caught in cycles we fail to recognize? Can we learn from the past, or are we doomed to repeat it in new, technologically-amplified ways? This episode is a rollercoaster ride through time, technology, and human nature, forcing us to reconsider our place in the grand sweep of history.  -- 🎙️ Dealcraft: Insights from Great Negotiators is the brand new weekly podcast that features interviews with world’s greatest dealmakers and diplomats, including Former Secretary of State Henry Kissinger, Blackstone CEO Steve Schwarzman, and music industry super-lawyer John Branca, on their most challenging negotiations. Each episode, host Jim Sebenius (Harvard Business School professor and renowned negotiation expert) relates fascinating deal stories and distills useful insights for listeners to apply in their toughest deals and disputes. Apple: https://link.chtbl.com/3CG3TbHY?sid=Turpentine -- 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ -- SPONSORS: Fundrise | WorkOS | Dealcraft 💡 Level up your portfolio with access to pre-IPO companies via the Fundrise Innovation Fund. Access a $125M+ fund of cutting edge tech companies including AI frontrunners, now available to individual investors. Start your journey at Fundrise.com/upstream. 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-Turpentine-Network This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. -- FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia -- TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (00:15) Exploring Plato's Influence (05:10) Historical Ripples and Convergent Evolution (06:45) The Fall of Civilizations (12:43) Comparing Civilizational Cycles (17:42) The Future of Human Civilization (23:30) Sponsor: Dealcraft | Fundrise (29:02) AI and Genetic Engineering: Potential and Pitfalls (33:30) Pandemic Era Reflections (34:04) Genetic Engineering and Society (34:49) Sponsor: WorkOS (35:43) 19th Century Misconceptions (38:23) Cycles of Societal Transformation (40:54) Intellectual Decay and Historical Rewriting (43:13) Anthropology and Cultural Studies (45:34) Decline of Western Institutions (52:12) Space Exploration and Technological Decline (1:00:15) Hypernormalization and Social Reality (1:01:39) Wrap BOOKS MENTIONED: What Is To Be Done? by Vladimir Lenin Homo Deus by Yuval Noah Harari's Fitzpatrick's War by Theodore Judson

    1h 5m
  4. Industrial Revolution

    20 SEPT

    Industrial Revolution

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg explore the origins, impacts, and global spread of the Industrial Revolution, from 18th century Britain to modern challenges. Unleashing progress or Pandora's box? This episode presents a unique perspective, framing the Industrial Revolution as "the magic of kings" - a transformative force that granted humanity godlike powers while leaving our fundamental nature unchanged. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast -- SPONSOR: FUNDRISE | WorkOS 💡 Level up your portfolio with access to pre-IPO companies via the Fundrise Innovation Fund. Access a $125M+ fund of cutting edge tech companies including AI frontrunners, now available to individual investors. Start your journey at Fundrise.com/upstream. 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-Turpentine-Network This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Introduction (00:23) Change of topic to Industrial Revolution (01:16) Magic of kings vs magic of priests (03:23) Pre-industrial vs post-industrial life (06:16) The Unabomber's critique of industrial society (09:58) Oversocialization and leftism (15:55) Sponsor: Fundrise | WorkOS (16:58) Historical origins of the Industrial Revolution (21:23) Agricultural Revolution and its impacts (25:58) Different models of industrialization (30:23) Industrialization and European colonialism (34:58) Post-industrial societies and their challenges (38:23) Global spread of industrialization (42:58) Positives and negatives of the Industrial Revolution (47:01) Recommended books on the Industrial Revolution (48:48) Wrap BOOK RECOMMENDATIONS: "Why Nations Fail" by Daron Acemoglu and James A. Robinson  "Tragedy and Hope" by Carroll Quigley "Bloodlands" by Timothy Snyder "Enlightenment Now" by Steven Pinker

    52 min
  5. Civilizational Differences

    13 SEPT

    Civilizational Differences

    In this episode of History 102, Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg are joined by Bismarck Analysis's Samo Burja (podcast host: Live Players) to uncover the hidden threads connecting ancient Babylon to Silicon Valley. Did you know that 2,500 years ago, people complained about information overload just like we do today? Or that some civilizations saw 70% of their population enslaved? Rudyard and Samo peel back the layers of history, revealing: The shocking similarities between ancient Athens and the Taliban Why California might be birthing new religions as we speak How deforestation toppled empires (and why it matters now) From psychedelic Greek philosophers to the eerie parallels between Polish-Lithuanian and Cambodian history, this episode is a mind-bending tour of humanity's greatest triumphs and strangest quirks. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast -- SPONSOR: FUNDRISE | WorkOS 💡 Level up your portfolio with access to pre-IPO companies via the Fundrise Innovation Fund. Access a $125M+ fund of cutting edge tech companies including AI frontrunners, now available to individual investors. Start your journey at Fundrise.com/upstream. 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-Turpentine-Network This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @SamoBurja (Samo) @TurpentineMedia - TIMESTAMPS: (00:15) Intro (00:56) Differences Between Civilizations (02:21) Non-Abrahamic Societies and Linear Time (04:11) Egalitarian Impulses Across Civilizations (07:04) Classical Civilization vs Modern West (09:25) Literacy in Ancient Rome (12:31) Greek Philosophy and Religion (14:23) Political Cycles in Ancient Greece (16:07) The American Founding Fathers and Political Theory (18:56) Sponsors: Fundrise | WorkOS (19:44) Pre-modern Feminism in Ancient Civilizations (21:37) Cyclical Progression of Political Forms (24:15) Thomas Jefferson's Views on Revolution (25:12) Babylonian Empire and Civilizational Trajectories (27:40) Immigration and Cultural Clashes in Ancient Civilizations (29:33) Environmental Degradation in Ancient Mediterranean (32:12) Archaeology in Ancient Babylon (34:41) Social Breakdown in Ancient Civilizations (36:42) Modern China as a Hybrid Civilization (38:54) California's Unique Cultural Landscape (42:20) Emerging Religions in Modern America (46:57) Religion's Impact on Society and Nature (48:26) Regional Differences Within America (50:43) Obscure Civilizations: The Nuragic Civilization (52:21) Higher and Lower Civilizations (53:06) The Khmer Civilization and Southeast Asian History (55:05) Wrap

    1 hr
  6. American Revolution

    30 AUG

    American Revolution

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg provides a detailed overview of the American Revolution, covering its causes, key events, major figures, and outcomes, while exploring the political, social, and strategic factors that shaped the conflict and led to the birth of the United States. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://www.turpentinenetwork.co/ - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: BABBEL | WorkOS 🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-Turpentine-Network This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia -- TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (02:00) British American colonization and expansion (07:00) Comparison of French and American Revolutions (15:02) Sponsor: Babbel | WorkOS (16:00) British colonies and tensions with Britain (26:00) Political aspects of the American Revolution (38:00) Start of the Revolutionary War (45:00) Battle of Saratoga and French involvement (52:00) British southern campaign (55:00) Siege of Yorktown and end of the war (56:00) Post-war America and the Constitution (57:04) Book recommendations (57:48) Wrap BOOKS MENTIONED: American Revolutions by Alan Taylor The Cousins' Wars by Kevin Phillips Atlantic America by D.W. Meinig The Oxford History of the American People by Samuel Eliot Morison

    1h 2m
  7. The Dark Ages

    23 AUG

    The Dark Ages

    In this episode of History 102, 'WhatIfAltHist' creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg dive into the West European Dark Ages, discussing the period from the fall of Rome until the rise of medieval Europe around 1000 AD. Were they really a decline or a period of critical transformation? Uncover the surprising truth behind this oft-misunderstood era. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj - RECOMMENDED PODCASTS: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: BABBEL | WorkOS 🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-Turpentine-Network This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. - FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia - RELATED EPISODES: Byzantine Empire Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6wzpVoPhWiAecAuImjCnxZ?si=sM8t0T97Qh-BjxsOXmHUNA Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/byzantine-empire/id1730633913?i=1000662716343 Rise of Islam Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/79fMsZSGfvSY2f9WENJvTq?si=09DZdn9PSX690vXcVUDuFg Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/rise-of-islam/id1730633913?i=1000659000133 Vikings Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/4QXRdG77RTnsaXtCvUmwng?si=ZgQd2kOcSMG9olIziKG2cw Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/the-vikings/id1730633913?i=1000645968027 -- TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Introduction (00:21) The Concept of the Dark Ages (01:24) Historical Narratives (02:59) Civilizational Decline (03:58) Anti-Religious Bias (04:31) Anthropological Bias (10:11) Gradual Process (12:53) Cultural and Technological Stagnation (14:44) Sponsor: WorkOS | Babbel (21:47) Roman Empire and Christianity (28:40) Western Individualism (54:49) The Carolingian Empire (58:45) Conclusion BOOKS MENTIONED: Coming to Our Senses by Morris Berman The Birth of the West by Peter Collins Inheritance of Rome by Chris Wickham World of Late Antiquity by Peter Brown The Forge of Christendom by Tom Holland Empires and Barbarians by Peter Heather The Bicameral Mind by Julian Jaynes

    1h 6m
  8. Aryan Invasion

    18 AUG

    Aryan Invasion

    In this episode of History 102, WhatIfAltHist creator Rudyard Lynch and Erik Torenberg talk about the Aryan invasions around 2000 BC and how it reshaped Eurasia from Ukraine to India. This discussion explores their origins, methods, and lasting impacts on genetics, culture, and religion across diverse regions. Discover the shocking truth about the Aryan invasions and why this significant event was hidden from history for decades. 🔥 Apply to join over 400 founders and Execs in the Turpentine Network: https://hmplogxqz0y.typeform.com/to/JCkphVqj - RECOMMENDED PODCAST: 🎙️ This Won't Last - Eavesdrop on Keith Rabois, Kevin Ryan, Logan Bartlett, and Zach Weinberg's monthly backchannel. They unpack their hottest takes on the future of tech, business, venture, investing, and politics. Apple Podcasts: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/id1765665937 Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/2HwSNeVLL1MXy0RjFPyOSz YouTube: https://www.youtube.com/@ThisWontLastpodcast – SPONSOR: BABBEL | WorkOS 🌐 Ready to achieve your 2024 goals? Start learning a new language with Babbel in just three weeks. Enjoy app lessons, live classes, and podcasts designed for real-world conversations. Get up to 60% off at babbel.com/torenberg 💻 Building an enterprise-ready SaaS app? WorkOS has got you covered with easy-to-integrate APIs for SAML, SCIM, and more. Join top startups like Vercel, Perplexity, Jasper & Webflow in powering your app with WorkOS. Enjoy a free tier for up to 1M users! Start now at https://bit.ly/WorkOS-TCR This show is produced by Turpentine: a network of podcasts, newsletters, and more, covering technology, business, and culture — all from the perspective of industry insiders and experts. We’re launching new shows every week, and we’re looking for industry-leading sponsors — if you think that might be you and your company, email us at erik@turpentine.co. – FOLLOW ON X: @whatifalthist (Rudyard) @eriktorenberg (Erik) @TurpentineMedia - RELATED EPISODES: Ancient India Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/0jhPHGxxKTWAf5GkDDT0QG?si=ygZ4Z_MaTt-IuvhamBVAiA Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/ancient-india/id1730633913?i=1000656237395 Mesopotamia Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/1pjImOX4ReJDkEpen0wq2W?si=iz2HdmSDTqWn9JVmPdnJhg Apple: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/mesopotamia/id1730633913?i=1000664108773 - TIMESTAMPS: (00:00) Intro (00:55) Academic controversy and recent genetic evidence (02:47) The "blue pill era" and misconceptions about prehistoric peoples (05:04) Scope and terminology of Indo-European migrations (11:54) Geographic origins and pastoralism (13:19) Sponsor: WorkOS | Babbel (15:42) Development of the chariot and military advantage (19:52) Genetic patterns in modern European populations (23:39) Cultural characteristics of herding societies (28:24) Aryan migrations into Europe (35:47) Mythology and cultural continuity (44:50) Aryan invasions in India and the caste system (51:50) Recommended books and further reading (54:39) Wrap - BOOKS RECOMMENDATIONS: "Who We Are and How We Got Here" by David Reich "Ancestral Journeys: The Peopling of Europe from the First Venturers to the Vikings" by Jean Manco "Comparative Mythology" by Jaan Puhvel "The Horse, the Wheel, and Language: How Bronze-Age Riders from the Eurasian Steppes Shaped the Modern World" by David W. Anthony

    1 hr
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About

Rudyard Lynch, creator of the enormously popular YouTube channel WhatifAltHist joins Erik Torenberg every week to offer a deeper understanding of critical moments in history. Together they identify patterns in order to predict the future and understand the dynamics that result in civilizations rising and falling. On this season we'll cover WW1, WW2, Classical Greece, Medieval Islam, the rise of Communism, and more. History 102 is a part of the Turpentine podcast network. Learn more: www.turpentine.co

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