Composers Datebook

American Public Media

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MUSIKHISTORIA
VARJE DAG

Composers Datebook™ is a daily two-minute program designed to inform, engage, and entertain listeners with timely information about composers of the past and present. Each program notes significant or intriguing musical events involving composers of the past and present, with appropriate and accessible music related to each.

−1 D

'Music for Two Big Instruments'

Synopsis If the bassoon is rather unkindly known as the “clown” of the orchestra, what does that make the poor tuba? Just say “tuba” to someone, and they turn into a mime — at least that was the experience of American composer Alex Shapiro when she mentioned that she was writing a new work for tuba and piano. “The response was usually one of surprised and barely muffled laughter. The exclamation ‘Tuba, eh? What a funny instrument!’ was often accompanied by exaggerated hand and mouth gestures that somewhat resembled a trout attempting to inflate a balloon,” she said. Shapiro wanted to show how nimble and lyrical a tuba could be. She gave her finished piece — for tuba and piano — a punning title: Music for Two Big Instruments. The new work was commissioned by Norman Pearson, principal tubist of the Los Angeles Philharmonic, who premiered the work with wife, pianist Cynthia Bauhof-Williams, on today’s date in 2001 at Alfred Newman Hall on the campus of University of Southern California in Los Angeles. Grateful tubists have taken up Shapiro’s piece since then, and this West Coast commission’s first recording was made by New York Philharmonic principal tubist Alan Baer, so one could say — with a bit of a stretch — Music for Two Big Instruments has been a coast to coast success! Music Played in Today's Program Alex Shapiro (b. 1962): Music for Two Big Instruments; Alan Baer, tuba; Bradley Haag, piano; innova 683

2 min
−2 D

Hanson's 'Merry Mount' at the Met

Synopsis On today’s date in 1934, the audience at the Metropolitan Opera in New York City demanded — and got — 50 curtain calls for the cast and conductor of the new opera that had just received its premiere staged performance. The opera was Merry Mount, based on a Nathaniel Hawthorne short story set in a Puritan colony in 17th-century New England. The music was by American composer Howard Hanson. The performers for Met Opera’s premiere included great American baritone Lawrence Tibbett as the Puritan preacher Wrestling Bradford, sorely tempted by the Swedish soprano Gösta Ljungberg in the role of Lady Marigold Sandys, his unwilling leading lady. Despite its setting in Puritan New England, the opera included plenty of the lurid sex and violence that fuels the all the best Romantic opera plots, and the score was in Hanson’s most winning Neo-Romantic style, with rich choral and orchestral writing, capped by a fiery conflagration as a grand finale. What more could an opera audience want? Strangely enough, despite its tremendous first-night success, Merry Mount has seldom — if ever — been staged since 1934. To celebrate the centenary of Hanson’s birth in 1996, the Seattle Symphony presented Merry Mount in a concert performance conducted by Gerard Schwarz. Music Played in Today's Program Howard Hanson (1896-1981): Merry Mount Suite; Seattle Symphony; Gerard Schwarz, conductor; Delos 3105

2 min
−3 D

Mozart starts keeping track

Synopsis On today’s date in 1784, in the city of Vienna, Wolfgang Mozart finished one bit of work and started another — which he would continue until the end of his life. After Mozart put the finishing touches to his Piano Concerto No. 14, he entered this work as the first item in a ledger, which he titled, “A List of all my works from the month of February, 1784 to the month of...” Mozart then left a blank space on his title page for the concluding month and wrote just the number “1” in the space left for the concluding year of his catalog — with the reasonable expectation that he would live long enough to see the turn of the new century. He then signed his title page: “Wolfgang Amadé Mozart by my own hand.” On the catalog’s unruled left-hand pages Mozart wrote the date and description of his subsequent works, and occasionally, in the case of his operas and vocal pieces, the names of the singers who premiered them. The right-hand side of the page was lined with music staves, and here Mozart would write the opening measure of each piece. The very last entry in Mozart’s ledger book is dated November 15, 1791, just one month before his death. This final entry notes the completion of a cantata written for Vienna’s New-Crowned Hope Masonic Lodge. Music Played in Today's Program Wolfgang Mozart (1756-1791): Piano Concerto No. 14; Murray Perahia, piano and conductor; English Chamber Orchestra CBS/Sony 415 Freemason Cantata; Boston Early Music Festival; Andrew Parrott, conductor; Denon 9152

2 min
−4 D

Virgil Thomson and Wallace Stevens in Hartford

Synopsis On this day in 1934, an excited crowd of locals and visitors had gathered in Hartford, Connecticut, for the premiere performance of a new opera, Four Saints in Three Acts. The fact that the opera featured 16 saints, not four, and was divided into four acts, not three, was taken by the audience in stride, as the libretto was by expatriate American writer Gertrude Stein, notorious for her surreal poetry and prose. The music, performed by players from the Philadelphia Orchestra and sung by an all-black cast, was by 37-year old American composer, Virgil Thomson, who matched Stein’s surreal sentences with witty musical allusions to hymn tunes and parodies of solemn, resolutely tonal music. Among the locals in attendance was the full-time insurance executive and part-time poet, Wallace Stevens, who called the new opera “An elaborate bit of perversity in every respect: text, settings, choreography, [but] Most agreeable musically … If one excludes aesthetic self-consciousness, the opera immediately becomes a delicate and joyous work all around.” The opera was a smashing success, and soon opened on Broadway, where everyone from Toscanini and Gershwin to Dorothy Parker and the Rockefellers paid a whopping $3.30 for the best seats — a lot of money during one of the worst winters of the Great Depression. Music Played in Today's Program Virgil Thomson (1896-1989): Four Saints in Three Acts; Orchestra of Our Time; Joel Thome, conductor; Nonesuch 79035

2 min
−5 D

Borodin's String Quartet No. 2

Synopsis One of the most popular Romantic string quartets had its premiere performance on today’s date in 1882 at a Russian Musical Society concert in Saint Petersburg. Alexander Borodin’s String Quartet No. 2 was dedicated to his wife, Ekaterina Protopova. They had met in Heidelberg, Germany 20 years earlier, and since Borodin had just returned from another trip to Heidelberg, his new quartet may have been an anniversary present. Some commentators even suggest the cello represents Borodin and the first violin, Ekaterina. So what about the second violin and viola? Well, maybe they’re meant to be the two witnesses at the wedding! Fast forward to 1953, when some of the tunes in Borodin’s Quartet were repurposed in a Broadway musical entitled Kismet. This one, for example, was set to the lyrics, “Baubles, bangles and beads,” which are, after all, more conventional anniversary presents. Music Played in Today's Program Alexander Borodin (1833-1877): String Quartet No. 2; Cleveland Quartet; Telarc 80178

2 min
−6 D

Stephen Paulus and the Commissioning Club

Synopsis For most of the 18th and 19th centuries, commissioning new musical works was the exclusive prerogative of the Church, royalty, and the wealthy nobility. More recently, Foundations and big corporations have gotten into the act. But even today, individuals can make a difference. In 1991, six couples in Minneapolis and St. Paul decided to form a Commissioning Club, modeled along the lines of an Investment Club, to spark the creation of new works in a variety of genres and promote the work of composers they admired. On today’s date in 1996, one of their commissions, the Dramatic Suite by American composer Stephen Paulus was premiered by flutist Ransom Wilson and the Chamber Music Society of Lincoln Center. It was played first in Minnesota, and subsequently at Lincoln Center in New York City. Later that same year, the Club arranged for another Paulus commission: a new Christmas Carol, Pilgrim Jesus, that was premiered on the BBC radio broadcast of the Festival of Nine Lessons and Carols from King’s College, Cambridge. That 1996 broadcast, heard by millions of radio listeners worldwide, marked the first time that an American composer had been chosen to contribute a new carol for that famous Christmas Eve service — not a bad return for the Commissioning Club’s investment! Music Played in Today's Program Stephen Paulus (1949-2014): Dramatic Suite; Judith Ranheim, flute; Chouhei Min, violin; Korey Konkol, viola; Mina Fisher, cello; Thelma Hunter, piano; innova 539

2 min
5 FEB.

Verdi's 'Otello' premieres

Synopsis One of the greatest of all Italian operas had its first performance on this day in 1887. Otello, by Giuseppe Verdi, was a musical version of Shakespeare’s tragedy, Othello. The opera was written when he was in his 70s, years after he had supposedly retired from a long and successful career as Italy’s most famous opera composer. It was one of the greatest triumphs of his career. The premiere took place at La Scala, Milan, with famous singers in the lead roles, and the cream of international society and the music world in the audience. Even the orchestra was distinguished: among the cellists was a young fellow named Arturo Toscanini, who would later become one of the world’s most famous conductors. Two of the violinists had the last name of Barbirolli — they were the father and grandfather of another famous conductor-to-be, John Barbirolli. Both Toscanini and Barbirolli would eventually make classic recordings of Verdi’s Otello. And speaking of recordings, in the early years of the 20th century, Italian tenor Francesco Tamago, who created the role of Otello, and the French baritone Victor Maurel, who created the role of Iago, both recorded acoustical phonograph excerpts from Verdi’s Otello — the technological marvel of the 20th century — preserving, belatedly, a sonic souvenir of a 19th-century Verdi premiere. Music Played in Today's Program Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901): Act I Excerpt from Otello; Ambrosian Chorus; New Philharmonia Orchestra; John Barbirolli, conductor; EMI Classics 65296

2 min
4 FEB.

The passing of Iannis Xenakis

Synopsis Many 20th century composers were scarred by the violence and turmoil of their times — but none quite so literally as Greek composer, engineer, and architect Iannis Xenakis, who died at 78 on today’s date in 2001. In the early 1940s, Xenakis was a member of the Communist resistance in Greece, fighting first the German occupation, then, as the war ended, the British. In 1945, when Xenakis was 23, his face was horribly disfigured by a shell fragment fired by a British tank, resulting in the loss of one of his eyes. Two years later he was forced to flee to Paris. As he laconically put it: “In Greece, the Resistance lost, so I left. In France, the Resistance won.” Xenakis wanted to write music, but earned his living as an architect and engineer in Paris at Le Courbusier’s studio. Xenakis designed and was involved in major architectural projects for Le Courbusier, including the famous Philips pavilion at the 1958 World’s Fair in Brussels. As a composer, Xenakis wrote highly original music that was meticulously ordered according to mathematical and scientific principles, but sounded intensely emotional, almost primeval. His music might even be described as “Pre-Socratic,” as Xenakis seemed to echo the theories of the early Greek thinker Pythagoras, who saw a relationship between music, mathematics, and religion. Music Played in Today's Program Iannis Xenakis (1922-2001): Opening of A Colone; New London Chamber Choir; Critical Band; James Wood, conductor; Hyperion 66980 Huuem-Duhey; Edna Michell, violin; Michael Kanka, cello; Angel 57179

2 min

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Composers Datebook™ is a daily two-minute program designed to inform, engage, and entertain listeners with timely information about composers of the past and present. Each program notes significant or intriguing musical events involving composers of the past and present, with appropriate and accessible music related to each.