Transport Phenomena in the Biosphere Karlsruher Institut für Technologie (KIT)

06 |
0:00:00 Start
0:01:26 Motivation
0:07:51 The spectral gap
0:12:18 Ecosystem-Atmosphere Interactions
0:20:41 Historical overview of the energy balance closure problem
0:25:29 Hypotheses for potential reasons of the energy balance closure problem
0:27:49 Research approach and methods
0:31:56 Wavelet analysis
0:36:06 Large-eddy simulation
0:42:13 Scale-crossing field compaigns
0:42:19 BOREAS
0:44:12 TRENO preAlpine Observatory
0:45:17 ScaleX
0:47:18 TERENO lower Rhine/Eifel Observatory
0:48:09 Yatir forest in Israel
0:48:46 Selected results
0:48:47 Flow distortion error of sonic anemometers
0:53:45 Boreas Cande-Lake runs
0:58:11 Evaluation of energy balance closure parameterizations
1:01:42 Meso-skaligen Transport (3D)
1:15:25 Parameters for closure model
1:22:27 Partitioning of the total flux
1:31:34 Conclusions

16 |
0:00:00 Start
0:01:22 Acknowledgement
0:02:00 Introduction
0:09:35 The drag function D
0:13:04 Methods
0:17:47 Flow field (ADV measurements)
0:20:53 Space used vs Space sampled
0:22:22 Hydrodynamic preference curves
0:23:38 Specialized Behaviours Zones (SBZ)
0:26:25 Results
0:29:55 Results: How do other hydrodynamic metrics perform?
0:33:11 Drag Functions vs Mean Velocities
0:35:30 Conclusions
0:37:27 What about downstream migration?
0:38:43 Acknowledgement
0:39:39 Introduction
0:45:27 Methods
0:52:19 Methods: Numerical simulations
0:55:09 Methods: Behavioural analysis definitions
0:56:59 Results: Eels trajectories in the upstream part of the site
1:01:21 Discussion
1:07:18 Conclusions
1:09:15 References

15 |
0:00:00 Start
0:01:30 Lectures outline
0:04:00 Lecture 1.1 – An introduction to Eco–Hydraulics and fish locomotion
0:04:05 What is Eco–Hydraulics?
0:05:43 Fish–migration
0:07:12 Hydraulic barriers and threats
0:16:04 The big picture
0:19:00 Fish locomotion
0:31:56 Fish sensing
0:45:36 Sight (slightly off topic)
0:47:30 References
0:48:10 Lecture 1.2 – Swimming and living in hydrodynamiclly–complex environments
0:48:33 The big picture
0:49:02 Hydrodynamically–complex environments
0:50:05 Turbulence in open channel flows
1:08:04 Swimming in turbulent flows
1:32:27 Other energy–saving strategies
1:38:07 Summary
1:38:43 Refrences

12 |
0:00:00 Start
0:00:44 Why study plants?
0:02:09 Agricultural production
0:03:54 Plant vascular transport
0:05:58 Drought kills trees
0:06:56 Question: Why do plants need (so much) water?
0:08:02 Exchange of water for CO2
0:08:27 Cost of CO2 Diffusion and Fick's law
0:14:32 Transport Processes: Diffusion and advection
0:16:08 The Advection-Diffusion equation
0:19:10 Wood microstructure
0:21:25 Question: What pressures are needed to drive flow?
0:25:23 Pressure-drop/Flow rate
0:28:10 Transport Processes: The Navier-Stokes Equation
0:36:29 The Stokes equation Hagen-Poiseuille law
0:38:20 Analogy between electric and fluidic systems
0:39:53 Sugar transport
0:42:12 What powers sugar transport?
0:45:01 Taking the blood pressure of plants
0:51:07 The Münch mechanism Osmotic pressure pump
0:52:53 The leaf is an osmotic pump
0:54:57 Synthetic Phloem: Experiments by Münch (1927)

07 |
0:00:00 Start
0:00:50 Reminder-where did we get to on Wednesday?
0:03:23 Time-Trace of velocity fluctuations-sweeps and ejections
0:05:40 Ejection/sweep ratios (neutral conditions)
0:08:43 Large-eddy simulation of canopy flows
0:09:34 ISL and Canopy Layer Velocity Profiles
0:10:53 Inflexion point in the velocity profile at canopy top is inevitable
0:14:47 The Mixing Layer Hypothesis
0:39:36 Summarizing the Mixing Layer Hypothesis
0:51:16 ABL-scale instabilities
0:57:57 Canopy instability process in strong shear (below downdrafts)
1:11:34 Summary of Canopy-ABL coupling in neutral to convective conditions
1:24:00 Final Comment

09 |
0:00:00 Start
0:00:45 What are the Sustainable Development Goals?
0:02:12 Biophysical Planetary Boundaries – Staying in the Holocene
0:04:11 Social Planetary Boundaries – can we live within the doughnut?
0:04:50 These biophysical and social boundaries are fundamentally different
0:06:09 What is a complex system?
0:08:05 Emergence
0:11:47 Self organization – Attractors
0:14:51 Complexity versus Chaos
0:18:25 History of the world in two graphs: 1, Population and technology
0:20:15 History of the world in two graphs: 2, Population and wealth
0:21:02 Attractors in the Human-Earth system
0:22:38 The Malthusian trap-a social attractor for most of human history
0:26:45 Escaping the Malthusian Trap
0:28:37 In the Post-industrial World, a minimal description of the Human-Earth System must include societal dynamics
0:30:27 We will try to construct a systems description
0:30:59 Population: the Fertility-mortality balance and its link with wealth
0:34:20 The Key Feedback from Mortality to Fertility
0:38:23 Fertility-mortality balance-the effect of urban living
0:39:47 Generation of wealth
0:41:10 Generation of wealth-economic output
0:44:17 Social State
0:52:51 Transitioning between Natural State and Open Access Order
0:57:53 Not a new Idea
0:59:02 Social State
1:00:39 Biospheric State
1:01:27 Tracing the links and feedbacks between the four state variables
1:02:17 Population
1:03:49 Economic output
1:05:09 Societal State
1:07:50 State of the Biosphere
1:13:32 Emergence and Coarse graining
1:14:50 Effect of climate change on suitability of land for growing crops
1:20:20 Syrian Civil War
1:24:39 The known Unknowns
1:25:40 We can examine the system description
1:27:30 Can the trajectory of the human-earth system be understood...?
1:28:27 some first conclusions
1:30:33 can understanding the human-earth system as a complex system help?