China has unveiled a three-year action plan to optimize the layout and structure of academic disciplines in higher education institutions, aiming to better support the country's high-quality development and strategic needs. 中国公布了一项为期三年的行动计划,优化高等教育机构学科布局和结构,旨在更好地支持国家的高质量发展和战略需求。 The plan, covering the period from 2025 to 2027, was issued by the Communist Party of China Central Committee's leading group for education. It calls for the rapid establishment of disciplines targeting strategic emerging industries and future industries. 该计划涵盖2025年至2027年,由中国共产党中央委员会教育领导小组发布。它呼吁迅速建立针对战略性新兴产业和未来产业的学科。 It also highlights the creation of a national big data platform to align talent supply and demand. The management of discipline catalogs will be overhauled with shorter adjustment cycles and better coordination among postgraduate, undergraduate and vocational disciplines. 它还强调了建立一个国家大数据平台,以协调人才供需。学科目录管理将进行彻底改革,缩短调整周期,更好地协调研究生、本科生和职业学科。 The plan supports the development of basic, applied and strategic disciplines; reforms evaluation mechanisms to strengthen the central role of talent cultivation; and improves incentive measures to continuously optimize discipline structures. It stresses enhancing fundamental disciplines and incubating emerging and interdisciplinary disciplines. 该计划支持基础、应用和战略学科的发展;改革评价机制,强化人才培养的中心作用;完善激励措施,不断优化学科结构。它强调加强基础学科,孵化新兴和跨学科学科。 Existing disciplines will be adjusted through warnings and corrective measures for those with insufficient social demand, declining education quality or inadequate resources. Teaching content will also be updated, and artificial intelligence will be applied to empower education and teaching. 对于社会需求不足、教育质量下降或资源不足的学生,将通过警告和纠正措施对现有学科进行调整。教学内容也将更新,人工智能将被应用于增强教育和教学能力。 A guideline issued by the Ministry of Education and four other departments in 2023 set a target to optimize and adjust 20 percent of university majors by 2025 to cultivate new majors aligned with new technologies, industries and models. 教育部和其他四个部门于2023年发布的一项指导方针设定了到2025年优化和调整20%的大学专业的目标,以培养与新技术、新产业和新模式相一致的新专业。 In its latest round of changes announced in April, universities nationwide added 1,839 new undergraduate programs for 2025 while suspending enrollment in 2,220 programs and phasing out 1,428 others. By contrast, only 57 majors were adjusted in 2014, underscoring the acceleration of change in recent years. 在4月份宣布的最新一轮改革中,全国各地的大学在2025年增加了1839个新的本科课程,同时暂停了2220个课程的招生,并逐步淘汰了1428个其他课程。相比之下,2014年只有57个专业进行了调整,突显出近年来变化的加速。 An official with the ministry's department of higher education said a "green channel" mechanism has been created to allow immediate approval of disciplines linked to the nation's latest strategic priorities, bypassing the usual application requirements. Universities with adequate capacity and resources are guided to conduct feasibility studies and prepare for the establishment of such new majors, the official said. 教育部高等教育司的一名官员表示,已经建立了一个“绿色通道”机制,可以绕过通常的申请要求,立即批准与国家最新战略优先事项相关的学科。该官员表示,将指导有足够能力和资源的大学进行可行性研究,并为设立此类新专业做准备。 In September 2024, for example, six universities, including Beihang University, were guided by the ministry outside the normal application period to establish a low-altitude technology and engineering major to meet the rapid development needs of the low-altitude economy, he said. 他说,例如,2024年9月,包括北京航空航天大学在内的六所大学在正常申请期之外接受了教育部的指导,开设了低空技术与工程专业,以满足低空经济的快速发展需求。 A total of 120 universities are preparing to add the low-altitude technology and engineering major in 2026, and it is expected to be one of the most popular academic subjects when launched, according to the ministry's application list. 根据教育部的申请清单,共有120所大学准备在2026年增加低空技术与工程专业,预计该专业在推出时将成为最受欢迎的学术科目之一。 The Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications has introduced more than 10 interdisciplinary majors in recent years, including artificial intelligence, spatial information and digital technology, intelligent interaction design and intelligent medical engineering, according to Huang Zhitong, deputy director of the academic affairs office of the university. 据北京邮电大学教务处副主任黄志彤介绍,近年来,该校引入了10多个跨学科专业,包括人工智能、空间信息与数字技术、智能交互设计和智能医疗工程。 In 2024, the university reorganized and established the School of Intelligent Engineering and Automation, adding an undergraduate program in robotics engineering. Earlier this year, it added the low-altitude technology and engineering major and launched six micro-majors, including 6G mobile communications, intelligent robotics and advanced electronics, Huang said. 2024年,该大学重组并成立了智能工程与自动化学院,增加了机器人工程本科课程。黄说,今年早些时候,该校增加了低空技术与工程专业,并开设了6G移动通信、智能机器人和先进电子等六个微型专业。 The university has also explored integrated development paths for liberal arts through "information +", "digital+" and "artificial intelligence +" educational programs, promoting the construction of new liberal arts specialties under the concept of interdisciplinary integration, he added. 他补充说,该大学还通过“信息+”、“数字+”和“人工智能+”教育项目探索了文科的综合发展道路,在跨学科融合的理念下促进了新文科专业的建设。 Since 2023, it has collaborated with Beijing Film Academy, the University of International Business and Economics, and China University of Political Science and Law to launch five joint bachelor's degree programs, including "digital media technology + digital media art", "artificial intelligence+ financial technology", and "computer science and technology + accounting". Through such cooperation, Huang said, the university aims to cultivate interdisciplinary and top-tier innovative talent. 自2023年以来,它与北京电影学院、对外经济贸易大学和中国政法大学合作,推出了五个联合学士学位课程,包括“数字媒体技术+数字媒体艺术”、“人工智能+金融技术”和“计算机科学技术+会计”。黄说,通过这种合作,该大学旨在培养跨学科和顶尖的创新人才。 overhaul n.检修 /ˈəʊvəhɔːl/ low-altitude n.低空 /loʊˈæltɪtjuːd/