3. Three kinds of sufferings (Tapatrayas)

oṁ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ śāntiḥ ॥

During vedic or prayer invocations, it is common for it to conclude with the chanting of three shantis. When one recites three shantis, each shanti is dedicated specifically for one of the three types of sufferings that every human being endures during their lifetime.

tapa means difficulty and traya means three. The three types of sufferings are ādhibhautika (related to the body), ādhidaivika (related to the gods/mind) and ādhyātmika (related to the soul).

Swami beautifully explains how Yama teaches the young Nachiketa about That which is beyond these three types of suffering.

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https://www.saiprakashana.org/KU-EP3