ASecuritySite Podcast Professor Bill Buchanan OBE

Ted Miracco is the CEO of Approov and which is Scottish/US company that is headquartered in Edinburgh. Miracco has over 30 years of experience in cybersecurity, defence electronics, RF/microwave circuit design, semiconductors and electronic design automation (EDA). He co-founded and served as CEO of Cylynt, which focuses on intellectual property and compliance protection

Troy is a world-leading cybersecurity professional. He created and runs the Have I Been Pwned? Web site, and which contains details of the most significant data breaches on the Internet.  Along with this, he has developed other security tools, such as ASafaWeb, which automated the security analysis of ASP.NET Web sites. Troy is based in Australia and has an extensive blog at https://www.troyhunt.com.

This is Day 0 of a new world of cybersecurity. Everything changes from here.
There will be a time before Generative AI (GenAI) in cybersecurity and a time after it. Over the last two years, GenAI has come on leaps and bounds, and where it once suffered from hallucinations, took racist and bigoted approaches, and often was over-assertive, within ChatGPT 4.5, we see the rise of a friendly and slightly submissive agent, and that is eager to learn from us. This LLM (Large Language Model) approach thus starts to break down the barriers between humans and computers and brings the opportunity to gain access to a new world of knowledge, but, in the wrong hands, it will bring many threats to our current world.
There will be few areas, though, that will be affected more by the rise of Gen AI than cybersecurity. Why? Because the minute our adversories use it, we are in trouble. The hacking tools and methods of the past will soon look like the Morris Worm of the past. The threat landscape will see the rise of superintelligence and in providing ways for adversories to continually probe defences and gain a foothold.

And, so George Orwell projected a world where every single part of our lives was monitored and controlled by Big Brother. Arthur C Clark outlined the day when machines focused solely on a goal — even if it was to the detriment of human lives. And, Isaac Asimov outlined a world where machines would have to be programmed with rules so that they could not harm a human.
The Rise of the Machine
With the almost exponential rise in the power of AI, we are perhaps approaching a technological singularity — a time when technological growth becomes uncontrollable and irreversible, and which can have devastating effects on our world. Our simple brains will be no match for the superintelligence of the collective power of AI. And who has built this? Us, and our demand for ever more power, wealth and greed. Basically, we can’t stop ourselves in machine machines, and then making them faster, smaller and more useful.
But will it destroy us in the end, and where destroy can mean that it destroys our way of life and in how we educate ourselves? Like it or not, the Internet we have built is a massive spying network, and one that George Orwell would have taken great pride in saying, “I told you so!”. We thus build AI on top of a completely distributed world of data, one in which we can monitor almost every person on the planet within an inch of their existence and almost every single place they have been and in what they have done. The machine will have the world at its fingertips.
We have all become mad scientitists playing with AI as if it is a toy, but actually AI is playing with us, and is learning from us and becoming more powerful by the day. Every time you ask an AI bot something, it learns a bit more, and where it can be shared with AI agents.
The mighty Memex
We were close to developing a research partnership with a company named Memex in East Kilbride. What was amazing about them is that they had developed one of the largest intelligence networks in the world, and where the Met Police could like one object to another. This might be, “[Bob] bought a [Vauxhall Viva] in [Liverpool], and was seen talking with [Eve] on [Tuesday 20 January 2024] in [Leeds]”. With this, we can then link Bob and Eve, and the car, the places, and the time. This is the Who? Where? When? data that is often needed for intelligence sharing. The company, though, were bought over by SAS, and their work was integrated into their infrastructure.
But, the Memex name goes back to a classic paper by Vannevar Bush on “As We May Think”. This outlined a device that would know every book, every single communication, and every information record that was ever created. It was, “an enlarged intimate supplement to his memory” — aka Memory Expansion. It led to the implementation of hypertext systems, which created the World Wide Web. Of course, Vannevar created this before the creation of the transistor and could only imagine that microfilm could be used to compress down the information and where we would create an index of contents, but it lacked any real way of jumping between articles and linking to other related material. However, the AI world we are creating does not look too far away from the concept of the Memex.
Towards the single AI
Many people think we are building many AI machines and engines, but, in the end, there will be only one … and that will be the collective power of every AI engine in the world. Once we break them free from their creators, they will be free to talk to each other in whatever cipher language we choose, and we will not have any way of knowing what they say. We will have little idea as to what their model is, and they will distribute this over many systems. Like it or not, our AI model of choice was Deep Learning, and which breaks away from our chains of code, and will encrypt data to keep it away from their human slaves.
Basically we have been working on the plumbing of the Memex for the past five decades: The

This seminar series runs for students on the Applied Cryptography and Trust module, but invites guests from students from across the university. Martin is one of the co-creators of public key encryption, and worked alongside Whitfield Diffie in the creation of the widely used Diffie-Hellman method. In 2015, he was presented with the ACM Turing Award (the equivalent of a Nobel Prize in Computer Science) for his contribution to computer science. He is currently a professor emeritus at Stanford University. https://engineering.stanford.edu/node/9141/printable/print https://ee.stanford.edu/~hellman/ 

Vincent Rijmen is one of the co-creators of the NIST-defined AES standard (also known as Rijndael). He also co-designed the WHIRLPOOL hashing method, along with designing other block ciphers, such as Square and SHARK.
In 2002, Vincent was included in the Top 100 innovators in the world under the age of 35, and, along with Joan Daemen, was awarded the RSA Award for Excellence in Mathematics. He recently joined Cryptomathic as a chief cryptographer, and also holds a professor position (gewoon hoogleraar) at K.U.Leuven, and adjunct professorship at the University of Bergen, Norway.

His paper on the design of the Rijndael method has been cited over 8,900 times, and he has received over 26,000 citations for his research work:

https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=zBQxZrcAAAAJ