A Trainer Elephants Will Never Forget

The zoological community lost an important colleague recently with the passing of Jeff Andrews. First a long-time orca trainer and curator for SeaWorld, Jeff eventually took his talents to the terrestrial side to manage elephants.  Not satisfied with the status quo of elephant management at that time, which was largely based on establishing a dominance hierarchy through punishment with the trainer as the leader, Jeff adapted the skills he learned using positive reinforcement with orcas and applied them to elephants.  As with any credible data-driven challenge to the way things are done, Jeff delighted in the flak he often received from the elephant management establishment. Two of the people that knew Jeff best during the industry's transformation from free to protected contact, Erin Ivory and Thad Lacinak share memories of Jeff's contributions to improving animal welfare.

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