EP.006 人格特质如何塑造个体 – 我们的客体关系（下）

为什么看起来非常没有控制欲的人却可能背地里有非常强的秩序感，尤其害怕失控？为什么有些人会长期沉迷于痛苦的状态，不愿意、也没有能力真正做出改变？为什么我们会抑郁？为什么我们内心充满了恐惧，只能被动的做出反应？为什么有些人总是做出短期内有利于自己，而长期来看更糟糕的选择？敏感的人就一定是共情能力强的人吗？

上一期更多的着重于自己和自己的关系如何影响着我们，而这一期，我们会更多的聊聊客体关系如何塑造我们的认知系统和人格特质。

时间线：

开头 – 0:17

控制欲与失控感 - 1:10

痛苦与安全感，精神分析视角下的受虐倾向 – 10:16

抑郁和责任 – 23:44

自恋让人在恐惧什么 – 27:19

客体关系的重要性 – 34:15

决策 – 39:25

共情能力的缺失 – 42:51

结尾 – 47:45

欢迎通过邮箱联系我们：brainopener2023@gmail.com

参考文献（部分）：

Dimaggio, G. et al. (2002) ‘Metacognition, states of mind, cognitive biases, and interpersonal cycles: Proposal for an integrated narcissism model.’, Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 12(4), pp. 421–451. doi:10.1037//1053-0479.12.4.421.

D’Agostino, A. et al. (2020) ‘The feeling of emptiness: A review of a complex subjective experience’, Harvard Review of Psychiatry, 28(5), pp. 287–295. doi:10.1097/hrp.0000000000000269.

Given-Wilson, Z., McIlwain, D. and Warburton, W. (2011) ‘Meta-cognitive and interpersonal difficulties in overt and covert narcissism’, Personality and Individual Differences, 50(7), pp. 1000–1005. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2011.01.014.

Harmon-Jones, E. and Mills, J. (2019) ‘An introduction to cognitive dissonance theory and an overview of current perspectives on the theory.’,Cognitive dissonance: Reexamining a pivotal theory in psychology(2nd ed.)., pp. 3–24. doi:10.1037/0000135-001.

Huprich, S.K. and Nelson, S.M. (2014) ‘Malignant self-regard: Accounting for commonalities in vulnerably narcissistic, depressive, self-defeating, and masochistic personality disorders’, Comprehensive Psychiatry, 55(4), pp. 989–998. doi:10.1016/j.comppsych.2013.09.017.

Kealy, D. and Ogrodniczuk, J.S. (2014) ‘Pathological narcissism and the obstruction of Love’, Psychodynamic Psychiatry, 42(1), pp. 101–119. doi:10.1521/pdps.2014.42.1.101.

Levy, S.T. (1984) ‘Psychoanalytic perspectives on emptiness’, Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association, 32(2), pp. 387–404. doi:10.1177/000306518403200207.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J.A. and Risko, E.F. (2024) ‘The metacognitive abilities of narcissists: Individual differences between grandiose and vulnerable subtypes’,Personality and Individual Differences, 221, p. 112570. doi:10.1016/j.paid.2024.112570.

Littrell, S., Fugelsang, J. and Risko, E.F. (2019) ‘Overconfidently underthinking: Narcissism negatively predicts cognitive reflection’, Thinking & Reasoning, 26(3), pp. 352–380. doi:10.1080/13546783.2019.1633404.

Mao, Y. et al. (2016) ‘Reduced frontal cortex thickness and cortical volume associated with pathological narcissism’, Neuroscience, 328, pp. 50–57. doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.04.025.

Morrison, A.P. (1983) ‘Shame, Ideal Self, and narcissism’, Contemporary Psychoanalysis, 19(2), pp. 295–318. doi:10.1080/00107530.1983.10746610.

Määttä, M. and Uusiautti, S. (2018) ‘“my life felt like a cage without an exit” – narratives of childhood under the abuse of a narcissistic mother’, Early Child Development and Care, 190(7), pp. 1065–1079. doi:10.1080/03004430.2018.1513924.

Ronningstam, E. and Baskin-Sommers, A.R. (2013) ‘Fear and decision-making in narcissistic personality disorder—a link between psychoanalysis and Neuroscience’, Dialogues in Clinical Neuroscience, 15(2), pp. 191–201. doi:10.31887/dcns.2013.15.2/eronningstam.

Sewaid, A., Silaghi, F. and García-Cestona , M. (2024) Learning from failure: Do narcissists learn?- small business economics, SpringerLink. Available at: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s11187-024-00891-6 (Accessed: 16 September 2024).

‘Supplemental material for the intricate role of dissociation in the relations between childhood maltreatment, self-objectification, and narcissism’ (2019) Psychological Trauma: Theory, Research, Practice, and Policy [Preprint]. doi:10.1037/tra0000452.supp.

Watts, A.L. et al. (2013) ‘The double-edged sword of grandiose narcissism’,Psychological Science, 24(12), pp. 2379–2389. doi:10.1177/0956797613491970.

Zamostny, K.P., Slyter, S.L. and Rios, P. (1993) ‘Narcissistic injury and its relationship to early trauma, early resources, and adjustment to college.’, Journal of Counseling Psychology, 40(4), pp. 501–510. doi:10.1037//0022-0167.40.4.501.

Music Copyright:

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/jonny-boyle/carefree-in-france  License code: JMZPHAT8CUM405NY

Music from #Uppbeat (free for Creators!): https://uppbeat.io/t/theo-gerard/my-baby-and-me  License code: YFBEBIVXFXTR3TVC