Health Newsfeed – Johns Hopkins Medicine Podcasts

Johns Hopkins Medicine

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Health Newsfeed – Johns Hopkins Medicine Podcasts

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How might AI improve interpretation of free DNA levels in the blood? Elizabeth Tracey reports

Free DNA in the blood portends increasing frailty and possibly an increased risk to develop Alzheimer’s disease, two long term studies of older adults by Peter Abadir, a geriatrics expert at Johns Hopkins, and colleagues have shown. Abadir says as we more fully embrace AI, such a measure may be even more powerful. Abadir: AI algorithms can analyze large data sets to identify patterns and predict outcomes which can improve that early detection of disease like dementia and frailty. To start putting everything in one path and look at the overall picture you need a very highly sophisticated system. So for example AI can go through medical records and imaging, genetic information to identify individuals at risk and recommend personalized treatment in that moment in that visit. :30 Such ‘just in time’ analysis is possible with AI technology, Abadir says, and helps render large amounts of data into a framework to benefit an individual. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Higher levels of your own DNA circulating in your blood may be a problem, Elizabeth Tracey reports

DNA fragments found circulating in an older person’s blood are associated with frailty and Alzheimer’s disease, studies by Peter Abadir, a geriatrics expert at Johns Hopkins, and colleagues have shown. These long term studies of several hundred older adults also found that the more DNA was found, the more quickly things deteriorated. Abadir: Higher genomic DNA fragments was also linked to steeper decline. So everybody as we age we walk slower but the higher the levels at baseline were associated with deeper decline in both cognitive function and increased frailty over the eight years of the study. What matters most to our older adults, they don't care whether this is genomic or mitochondria, whether it's floating in the serum or it's inside the mitochondria, but what does it mean. Our research is just opening new possibilities for early detection and intervention strategies for dementia and frailty. :33 Additional studies will look at when DNA amounts increase during the lifespan. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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How much does increased levels of DNA in the blood increase dementia risk? Elizabeth Tracey reports

Increased cell death, increased levels of DNA in the blood, increased inflammation, and increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease. That appears to be one scenario to explain findings by Johns Hopkins geriatrics expert Peter Abadir on the relationship between circulating cell free DNA and cognitive decline. Abadir: We looked at 631 community dwelling older adults. We looked at genomic DNA fragments and we tried to examine if the levels of the genomic DNA fragments is linked to cognitive and physical function. And our findings show that higher levels of the circulating cell free genomic DNA fragments were associated with lower global cognition and slower gait speeds. Higher levels of genomic DNA fragments increased the odds of developing dementia by 27%. :32 Abadir says measuring circulating cell free DNA may warn of increased risk for older people. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Why does increased cell death in the body increase inflammation? Elizabeth Tracey reports

Cell death in your body happens all the time, every day, and when it does DNA is released into your blood. It may be your genetic DNA or it may be from your mitochondria, and it is giving clues to your aging and health. That’s according to research by geriatrics expert Peter Abadir at Johns Hopkins. Abadir: Look at the genomic DNA fragments and how it is linked to both dementia and cognitive and physical function. Genomic DNA is just direct proxy of how many cells die in the body. So the higher the loss of cells in your body the higher the level of genomic DNA fragments. So you can see how that's relevant many of the diseases of aging like sarcopenia,like frailty, because the more you lose of your muscles you get higher genomic DNA fragments in the body. :31 Circulating DNA can raise inflammation in your body by provoking your immune system to respond, Abadir notes. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Is walking speed linked to cell death? Elizabeth Tracey reports

Walking speed is a commonly used measure for health, as it’s easy to do and doesn’t cost much. Now a study by Peter Abadir, a Johns Hopkins geriatrics expert, links walking speed to cell death, as measured by release of DNA into the circulation from mitochondria. Abadir: Longitudinally the more you're losing of those mitochondria the more they are linked to worse gait speeds. That tells us that decline in mitochondrial energetics is one of the primary theories of aging. As we see more loss of mitochondria as what we are seeing in association with gait force and that cytokine TNF alpha receptor 1 was associated with significantly higher mortality. People died more as their inflammation levels were higher. :29 Abadir has been focusing on so called circulating cell free DNA for years, linking increased amounts to Alzheimer’s disease, for example. He says the cell death, release of DNA, increased inflammation model makes sense and may provide an early warning of a person’s decline. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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How does circulating DNA contribute to accelerated aging? Elizabeth Tracey reports

DNA fragments found in your blood, so called circulating cell free DNA, come from your cells as they die. Both genetic material and DNA from your energy plants, known as mitochondria, can be found, and both are implicated in increased risk for Alzheimer’s disease and frailty. That’s according to research by Johns Hopkins geriatrics expert Peter Abadir. Abadir: We think that having a lot of those fragments floating in the serum, they are seen by the immune system and the immune system triggers a response by increasing inflammation in an attempt to get rid of those fragments. But the problem is that the higher the inflammatory burden the more you're pushing that person to age faster. We were able to see a strong correlation between the mitochondrial DNA fragments levels and the serum and inflammatory markers. :28 Abadir says future studies will attempt to see when in the lifespan the amount of cell free DNA in the blood starts to increase. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Are circulating DNA and inflammation related? Elizabeth Tracey reports

Circulating cell free DNA fragments are found in your bloodstream when cells die and release what’s inside. Some of that DNA is your genetic material and some comes from mitochondria, the power plants of your cells. Johns Hopkins geriatrics expert Peter Abadir says higher levels of these DNA fragments also correlate with higher stress markers. Abadir: So we looked at 672 community dwelling older adults. We quantified those circulating cell free DNA fragments and we looked at other markers that push people to age before their times, like chronic inflammation, like TNF alpha receptor one. Those are biomarkers of inflammation and stress, biomarkers that are associated with premature aging or frailty. :24 Abadir says it is known that cell free DNA can provoke an immune response and may therefore increase inflammation and stress related biomarkers, but how all of these factors may increase one’s risk for Alzheimer’s disease and frailty isn’t yet known. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Can a blood test for DNA predict Alzheimer’s disease and frailty? Elizabeth Tracey reports

You may have heard the term ‘liquid biopsy.’ Most often referring to cancer detection, such technology aims to find materials circulating in the blood that give clues to a tumor’s presence. Now such a strategy is being used to look at a couple of sources of DNA found in the blood to assess one’s risk of Alzheimer’s disease and frailty. Geriatrics expert Peter Abadir at Johns Hopkins explains. Abadir: We were, in using this liquid biopsy to identify changes in the overall loss of cells in the body. The more cells that die the more nuclear material you are releasing into the circulation and the more mitochondrial material that you are releasing into the circulation. So our 8 year study focused on understanding the relationship between those circulating cell free DNA fragments and aging related conditions such as dementia and frailty. :31 Abadir says there is a relationship between increased amounts of DNA and increased risk. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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A blood test looking for your DNA is proving increasingly useful, Elizabeth Tracey reports

Some cancer tests and prenatal assessments already use DNA found circulating in someone’s blood to look for certain cancers or assure the health of a fetus. Now Peter Abadir, a geriatrics expert at Johns Hopkins, and colleagues are using such an assessment for Alzheimer’s disease and frailty. Abadir: You take the blood and you look for genetic materials, DNA material that's floating in that blood. That's called circulating cell free DNA fragments. You have two sources of DNA in each cell, mitochondrial DNA and then the genomic DNA coming from the nucleus. When the cell dies you release the genomic DNA and the mitochondrial DNA to the circulation of the individual. :26 Abadir says both types of DNA are revelatory when it comes to assessing a person’s risk for developing Alzheimer’s disease or becoming more frail, often associated with mortality. He says both are proxies for increased cell death, which releases the DNA into the circulation. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Your own genetic material from two cellular locations can be found in your blood, Elizabeth Tracey reports

You have quite a lot of the genetic material DNA circulating in your bloodstream. Peter Abadir, a geriatrics expert at Johns Hopkins, is looking at DNA from two different sources to provide information on aging. Abadir: The genomic DNA is a complete set of DNA found in the nucleus of cells, containing all the genetic blueprints that determines individual's traits, inherited traits. So it's composed of chromosomes that carry thousands of genes so this is what explains the traits that the person has. Mitochondrial DNA on the other hand is found in the mitochondria which is the power plant of the cell. This is what produces energy. It's inherited only from the mother. :31 Two studies by Abadir and colleagues show that both types of circulating DNA can be analyzed and correlated with conditions like Alzheimer’s disease and frailty, as seen in reduced walking speed. He says such an assessment may trigger early interventions to help. At Johns Hopkins, I’m Elizabeth Tracey.

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Johns Hopkins Medicine
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2014년 - 2025년
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