How America’s Response to a French Proposal Resulted in Outlawing War

The peace from the Great War proves fragile as European diplomats work to make agreements on militarism, reparations, and land. A veteran French minister seizes opportunities to bring nations to the table. His sly bilateral proposal to America is countered with a savvy response from a farmer-turned-lawyer.

Peace in Their Time: The Origins of the Kellogg-Briand Pact by Robert Ferrell

Washington Times article - https://www.loc.gov/item/sn84026749/1918-11-11/ed-1/

KB Pact Info - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/kellogg 

KB Pact Text - https://avalon.law.yale.edu/20th_century/kbpact.asp 

Mukden Incident - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/mukden-incident

Locarno Pact - https://www.nationalww2museum.org/war/articles/spirit-locarno

Dawes Plan - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/dawes 

Young Plan - https://history.state.gov/milestones/1921-1936/dawes 

Kellogg bio - https://history.state.gov/departmenthistory/people/kellogg-frank-billings 

Kellogg bio - https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1929/kellogg/biographical/ 

Briand bio - https://www.nobelprize.org/prizes/peace/1926/briand/facts/ 

Briand in politics - https://www.cheminsdememoire.gouv.fr/index.php/en/aristide-briand

Locarno info - https://www.loc.gov/item/2021667899/

Shotwell - https://magazine.columbia.edu/article/james-t-shotwell-life-devoted-organizing-peace

Kellogg response to Briand - https://www.cfr.org/blog/twe-remembers-kellogg-briand-pact