Reason with Science Jitender Kumar

This episode is with Steven Austad. He is the Protective Life Endowed Chair in Health Aging Research, a Distinguished professor and Chair of the Department of Biology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham. Steven has been at the forefront of unraveling the mysteries of why some individuals live longer and healthier lives than others. His work covers a diverse array of topics, from the cellular mechanisms of aging to the evolutionary aspects of longevity in various species. In this conversation we talk about what is ageing?, biggest challenges in the field of ageing, evolutionary aspects of ageing, chronic illnesses and how to increase human life span?



Guest info:
Website: https://www.uab.edu/cas/biology/people/faculty/steven-n-austad
Twitter: https://twitter.com/StevenAustad
Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Books-Steven-N-Austad/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3ASteven+N.+Austad

Episode links:
Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/evolutionary-aspects-of-ageing-with-steven-austad
Youtube: https://youtu.be/823Yw2LtOSs?si=UzDtGW2npXjmS2VC
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/48kythKGzGRRP0kprH2URf?si=bLVx4NCsQuCVdwH2J6EyvA
Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/evolutionary-aspects-of-ageing-%7C-steven-austad-%7C-reason-with-science-%7C-lifespan-%7C-human-health/c45d0d4e-0054-4519-8697-22e4a8649162
Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NmE1M2MzMDMtODMyYy00MjNkLTg2YTctNDI3ZGQzZTk2NTc2?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiYsL_O56CBAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA





Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw



Timestamps:
00:00:00 Introduction
00:01:08 How did you decide to work on ageing?
00:03:21 Why some species age faster than others?
00:03:56 Evolutionary perspective of ageing
00:05:42 What is ageing?
00:06:13 Challenges in studying ageing
00:09:49 What is longevity and longevity quotient?
00:12:18 How does flight affects ageing?
00:17:21 Correlation between habitat of animals and their lifespan
00:19:07 Factors affecting lifespan of animals in the wild or in captivity
00:20:59 Importance of regeneration for the survival
00:22:58 Flight independently evolved four times
00:25:55 Temperature dependent change of sex
00:27:10 Wisdom- the oldest confirmed wild bird
00:28:58 What are the challenges to get the age of an animal correctly?
00:37:12 Relationship between size of the animal and longevity
00:40:42 Vampire bats
00:41:41 Lifespan of naked mole rats
00:44:31 Impact of high altitude on human health
00:46:37 Lifespan of hummingbirds
00:49:22 Lessons for human longevity from evolutionary biology
00:56:04 Steven's work on Restrictive eating
01:02:04 It is important to couple restrictive eating with weight training
01:04:40 Comment on diets
01:06:58 There are no biomarkers for ageing
01:08:27 When can we have a good consensus on healthy lifestyle?
01:10:10 Life at the age of 77
01:11:28 Ethical implications of increasing human lifespan
01:13:53 Thank you



More on Reason with Science:
1) The evolutionary origins of a good society | Nicholas Christakis | Reason with Science | Psychology (   • The evolutionary origins of a good so...  )
2) Food for your health | Dr. Robert Lustig | Reason with Science | Sugar | Diets | Healthy Lifestyle (   • Food

This episode is with Enrico Coen. He is a plant biologist and geneticist at John Innes Centre. Enrico's work has focused on unraveling the intricate genetic and molecular mechanisms that govern the formation and growth of plants. He is the author of two books, namely, 'Cells to civilizations' and 'Art of genes'.

In this conversation we talk about major transitions in biology, emergence of complexity, evolution of life, drivers of evolution, evolution of brains, Intelligence and science.



Guest info:
Website: https://www.jic.ac.uk/people/enrico-coen/
Twitter: https://twitter.com/InnerWorlds1
Amazon: https://www.amazon.co.uk/stores/Enrico-Coen/author/B001HCV4C8?ref=ap_rdr&store_ref=ap_rdr&isDramIntegrated=true&shoppingPortalEnabled=true



Episode links:
Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/cells-to-civilizations-with-enrico-coen
Youtube: https://youtu.be/_20Tko5_Xho?si=RiEHhpaOlgaBGjil
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/13MfRZ6EGFPW05osKeWUfW?si=QT-HPrXXR5OiCwHM07AxiQ
Apple podcast: https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/cells-to-civilizations-with-enrico-coen-%7C-reason-with-science-%7C-evolution-%7C-science-%7C-culture/c2fa8dec-cefa-4b2a-9498-56d67e12b08c
Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZjQ1Y2FlNWEtNWJiZS00MGVmLWJkZGMtOWM2ZGZiZjBjMjVh?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjI1ZGbl5CBAxUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA



Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw



Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction 

00:01:04 Major transformations of life 

00:14:12 What is science and how it works? 

00:16:22 Can science help us to study fundamental nature of reality? 

00:30:07 Do we need an absolutist view of science? 

00:37:14 What are the commonalities between evolution, development, culture and learning? 

00:44:32 Role of parasites in the evolution of life 

00:47:49 Survival of the fittest 

00:53:07 Natural selection at the level of replicators 

00:58:46 Level at which evolution works (genes or cells) 

01:09:47 Concept of memes 

01:16:00 Why religion has been successful? 

01:25:45 Crucial elements of scientific method 

01:32:50 Importance of self-doubt 

01:36:10 Covid-19 pandemic and science 

01:40:00 Science and art 

01:48:09 Future writing 

01:50:12 Thank you!

This episode is with John Bargh. He is a social psychologist at Yale University. John's work has shed light on the intricate workings of the human mind, delving into topics such as priming, automaticity, and the power of the unconscious. His research has challenged conventional notions, revealing how subtle cues and environmental factors can shape our perceptions,decisions, and actions.

In this conversation we talk about unconscious mind, priming effects, evolution of consciousness, unconscious biases, and can we train our unconscious?



Guest info:

Website: https://acmelab.yale.edu/

Amazon: https://www.amazon.com/Books-John-Bargh/s?rh=n%3A283155%2Cp_27%3AJohn+Bargh

Google scholar: https://scholar.google.com/citations?user=xueSKyQAAAAJ&hl=en



Episode links:
Website:
https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/unconscious-mind-and-our-behavior-with-john-bargh
Youtube: https://youtu.be/rb2gaN0VAsI
Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/08y5c7CKorKThk5w0BgSlQ?si=DLAvsAE5Ss2vhrLCyqW0Zw
Apple podcast:
https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/unconscious-mind-and-our-behavior-|-john-bargh-|-reason-with-science-|-psychology-|-consciousness/ffb36aaf-7029-40b9-9066-9fb23050a72f
Google podcast:
https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MjA4MzQ5OTgtZTVkZS00Nzk3LTkzNjUtZWI5OGJkODE2ZjZj?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjgsfX5iev_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA





Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠⁠⁠



Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:46 Early career

00:04:10 Hard problem of consciousness

00:10:33 Unconscious mind and it's role in our behavior

00:17:57 Distinction between conscious and unconscious mind

00:20:40 Hot and Cold experiments

00:29:56 Priming effects

00:30:40 Global effects of priming

00:34:05 Goal priming

00:39:40 Trust priming for the idiologies

00:55:45 Cultural priming

00:58:31 Priming effects through Social media

01:07:50 Evolution of conscious and unconscious mind

01:15:00 Examples of conscious and unconscious activities

01:17:46 Evolution of unconscious mind in other species

01:20:50 Consciousness in other species

01:24:00 Can we train our unconscious mind?

01:27:24 Effects of multi-tasking

01:34:00 Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

01:36:03 Unconscious biases

01:42:02 Next book

01:45:12 Thank You!

This episode is with Michael Russell. He is geologist who works on the origin of life. Mike is an originator of the theory that life emerged at alkaline submarine hydrothermal vents. In this conversation we talk about topics related to origin of life, hydrothermal vents, alien life, artificial life, and are there new life forms emerging now?



Guest info:

Website: https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/nai/directory/russell-michael/



Episode links:
Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/life-origins-at-hydrothermal-vents-with-michael-russell
Youtube: https://youtu.be/CtKMl5Gr5JY
Spotify:
https://open.spotify.com/episode/3xyGOMu6CNOfbIknRhFis3?si=LqPekasnTv6mUo6e8AAGkA
Apple podcast:
https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/life-origins-at-hydrothermal-vents-|-michael-russell-|-reason-with-science-|-geology-|-chemistry/a651d6d1-2124-46e7-b83d-c1a2918dfceb
Google podcast:
https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/ZjU3MjQ0MTctYWJkZC00ODExLWEzOTAtZDUwM2UzMDVkMGUz?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjggpygouH_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA



Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠⁠

Youtube: ⁠⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠⁠

Spotify: ⁠⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠⁠

Google podcast:⁠⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠⁠



Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:49 What are the most interesting aspects of life?

00:04:02 Beginning of space-time

00:08:42 Dawn of chemistry

00:11:47 Progress in science

00:16:37 Discovery of hydrothermal vents for emergence of life

00:28:12 How the submarine alkaline vents were discovered?

00:37:06 Early earth conditions for the origin of life

00:44:22 Major issues to explain orgin of life

00:49:45 Composition of green rust

00:52:07 Disagreement on engines of hydrothermal vents

00:54:15 Can we link origin of metabolism at hydrothermal vents with the information?

00:56:22 Next step after origin of metabolism

00:59:22 Membranes and viruses

01:02:34 Did protocells escape hydrothermal vents?

01:08:47 Did LUCA (Last Universal Common Ancestor) evolve in hydrothermal vents?

01:18:56 Creating an artificial hydrothermal vents

01:29:00 Thank you!

This episode is with Lee Cronin. He is the Regius Chair of Chemistry in the School of Chemistry at the University of Glasgow. He and his team are trying to make artificial life forms, find alien life, explore the digitization of chemistry, understand how information can be encoded into chemicals and construct chemical computers. In this conversation we talk about topics related to origin of life, framework to build life from inorganic material, assembly theory, Darwinian evolution, and alien life.



Guest info:

Website: https://www.chem.gla.ac.uk/cronin/

Twitter: https://twitter.com/leecronin?s=20



Episode links:
Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/building-life-from-chemistry-with-lee-cronin
Youtube: https://youtu.be/IrTp7uu8le0
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/02qVFLcY6AF7HWvCJqHqZe?si=gDcdgmjbSAy93Pne9rcWcw
Apple podcast:
https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/building-life-from-chemistry-|-lee-cronin-|-reason-with-science-|-artificial-life-|-origin-of-life/9ed704ca-7836-4a52-a3a3-b894f537ff4a
Google podcast:
https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/MmJhZDViOTUtZWZjMS00NjY0LTlmZDYtZmM2ZTdiNTRlNmVl?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwjA1ZHF27v_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA



Follow Reason with Science:

Website: ⁠https://www.reasonwithscience.com/⁠

Youtube: ⁠https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience⁠

Spotify: ⁠https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh⁠

Apple podcast: ⁠https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894 ⁠

Google podcast:⁠ https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw ⁠



Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:00:59 Lee's point of view of origin of life research

00:02:24 Are there different scales in chemistry of origin of life?

00:04:01 Framework to build life

00:06:57 Theory of life

00:12:06 Can darwinian evolution works beyond at the chemical level?

00:15:59 Fundamental level of selection

00:22:04 Memories of compounds

00:22:42 Assembly theory

00:24:51 Multiverse

00:28:05 Why haven't we managed to build life so far?

00:31:33 How to use automation to build life?

00:36:33 What is essence of life?

00:39:03 Why do we have life only on earth in our solar system?

00:39:33 Experiment to build life

00:40:33 What will be the information of artificial life?

00:41:19 Chemputer

00:44:38 3D printing life forms

00:49:07 How to identify alien life?

00:50:22 Explanation of assembly theory

00:54:22 How to differentiate alien organic or inorganic matter?

00:58:12 Selection at artificial cells

01:02:45 Thank you!

This episode is with Robert Aumann (94 years old now).

He is widely regarded as one of the most influential thinkers in game theory and decision theory. His exceptional work has not only reshaped the way we understand strategic decision-making and cooperation but has also garnered him numerous accolades. In 2005, Aumann was awarded the Nobel Prize in Economic Sciences for his pioneering work in game theory and its applications. His groundbreaking insights have not only advanced our theoretical understanding of strategic decision-making but also have practical implications in various fields, such as negotiations, conflict resolution, and the design of market mechanisms.

In this conversation we talk about the topics related to his scientific journey including game theory to study the conflict and cooperation, Nash equilibrium, Aumann Agreement Theorem, Knot theory, rationality, and future directions of game theory.



Guest info:

Website: https://mathematics.huji.ac.il/people/robert-j-aumann



Episode links:
Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/home/behavioral-economics-and-game-theory-with-robert-aumann
Youtube: https://youtu.be/l6AK1RlNPSo
Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/episode/6hKAlf7GqPwhtkrNLaPU9I?si=55G-9LCwS-qn5ecZvPQ6DQ
Apple podcast:
https://podcastsconnect.apple.com/my-podcasts/show/reason-with-science/407cd478-4271-4319-8318-fc378d4e7ccb/episode/behavioral-economics-and-game-theory-|-robert-aumann-|-reason-with-science-|-nobel-laureate-|-psychology/b975ea0c-2501-448a-8bd3-ea58628da534
Google podcast:
https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw/episode/NjRmN2RlMTEtYWY1NS00ZGNmLTkwNzgtMGE3ZmJkMDY3YzZl?sa=X&ved=0CAUQkfYCahcKEwiQ5IGWuKn_AhUAAAAAHQAAAAAQLA





Follow Reason with Science:

Website: https://www.reasonwithscience.com/

Youtube: https://www.youtube.com/channel/reasonwithscience

Spotify: https://open.spotify.com/show/5qFLGsPWjL4GAGidmF2nKh

Apple podcast: https://podcasts.apple.com/us/podcast/reason-with-science/id1641776894

Google podcast: https://podcasts.google.com/feed/aHR0cHM6Ly9hbmNob3IuZm0vcy9iMjMyNDZlOC9wb2RjYXN0L3Jzcw



Timestamps:

00:00:00 Introduction

00:01:07 Interest in mathematics and economics

00:12:34 What is game theory?

00:16:35 War is an example of a game

00:17:30 Zero sum game

00:18:33 Politics is also a game

00:19:05 Contributions of John Nash to game theory

00:28:35 Examples of game theory regarding economics

00:47:00 Concept of common knowledge

00:58:30 Agreement theorem

01:04:25 Bayesianism and agreement theorem

01:05:42 Importance of education

01:13:48 Rationality

01:22:55 Kahneman and Tversky's work

01:25:30 Wars are rational

01:43:40 Life at the age of 93!

01:44:30 Thank you