Scrolls & Leaves: World History Podcast Scrolls & Leaves Podcast

Season 1, End-of-Year Bonus

Nature's Voice: Tuvan Throat Singing















From the mountains of Central Asia comes a musical form that borrows extensively from Nature. In this episode, we talk to Tuvan vocalist and composer, Saylyk Ommun, about Tuvan throat singing and its links with the natural world and modern genres like rock.



This episode was chosen as one of the "100 Outstanding Podcasts From 2021" by Bello Collective, one of the most influential voices in podcasting.



Reviewer Arielle Nissenblatt said: “In less than thirty minutes, I was transported to a place I’ve never heard of, and learned of music and traditions that I’d never been exposed to previously. This episode so beautifully mixes audio with music while telling a story and celebrating a community of people.”



Time Markers (min:sec)



00:43 – Sample of Tuvan throat singing

01:05 – Sasha's first memory of Tuvan music

01:26 – Who is Saylyk Ommun?

01:56 – Saylyk singing “Çavıdak”

02:30 – What the episode's about

03:47 – Saylyk’s childhood

04:24 – Saylyk’s joins Yat-Kha

06:40 – Tuvan throat singing and nature

08:26 – Women practicing throat singing today

09:21 – Throat singing listening exercise

10:03 – What is timbre?

11:01 – Description of throat singing styles

11:24 – Kargyraa style

15:17 – Xoomei style

16:08 – Sygyt style

17:03 – Borbangnadyr

17:29 – Ezenggileer

17:48 – Xoomei style with both techniques at once

18:05 – Throat singing is sculpting sound and its scientific explanations

18:34 – Saylyk sings “Ezir-Kara”

18:55 – The rich and complex use of timbre in Tuvan music

20:24 – Saylyk discusses Tuvan folk songs and her grandmother’s singing

21:09 – Saylyk sings a folk song her grandmother sang to her

22:09 – Lets think of Nature in new ways

















Guests

Saylyk Ommun

Sasha Semina







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Not many people know of histories from the majority world, where 80% of all people live. We will tell you some of these stories in Season 1, Trade Winds. Each episode tells a story set on the Indian Ocean as global civilizations connect with South Asia. Hear about the episodes coming up this season.

Season 1, Chatroom 19



3 Ways Indigenous Wisdom Protects Biodiversity















Indigenous people’s take on the world’s biodiversity varies very much from Western science. For example, traditional societies believe that Nature is interconnected and we can commune with all living beings. In this conception, humans are a part of a bigger whole. This relationship with nature can protect the world’s biodiversity, as evidenced by a startling statistic -- more than 80% of the world’s remaining intact biodiversity is on indigenous land. 



In this bonus episode, we speak with Tero Mustonen, a geographer and lead author for the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC)’s landmark report on climate change released last month. Mustonen is also the head of the Selkie village in Finland.



Mustonen tells us about what biodiversity is in indigenous systems, and how the approach taken by Western science to understand Nature is limited by what scientists can measure. Indigenous communities can contribute to science, and guide scientists and policymakers about the right choices to make.

Time Markers (mins: sec)







* 00:41 - Tero Mustonen intro

* 1:13 - Ask the bees!

* 2:00 - Intro to the episode

* 3:07 - Convention on Biological Diversity

* 3:42 - How to measure biodiversity

* 3:55 - What is biodiversity for indigenous people?

* 5:30 - Problematic history of biodiversity science

* 7:30 - Indigenous history can contribute to science

* 8:09 - Indigenous wisdom can help with decisionmaking

















Podcast Guest

Tero Mustonen







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Alexander, C. et al. Linking Indigenous and Scientific Knowledge of Climate Change. BioScience 61, 477–484 (2011).



Johnson, N. et al. The Contributions of Community-Based Monitoring a...

Season 1, Rerun

An Ancient Pandemic Story















A Sanskrit scholar narrates a pandemic story from a far-seeing Ayurveda text warning of environmental degradation

Atreya, the renowned teacher of Ayurveda, is walking with his pupils on the banks of the river Ganga in Kampilya. Ominous signs of an epidemic shadow the grandeur of the ancient kingdom. Atreya explains to his students how an epidemic arises from degraded environmental conditions. And he points to their cause: the unrighteous actions of a particular group of citizens.

Sanskrit scholar Dominik Wujastyk of the University of Alberta in Canada, narrates this compelling pandemic story from one of the oldest Ayurvedic texts. It’s a story of surprising resonance with our current global situation.



Time Markers (mins:sec)



* 0:34 Two major encyclopedias of Ayurveda 1:23 Learning Sanskrit from eminent pandit in Pune 2:30 Reciting first part of story in Sanskrit 3:41 How Ayurveda views the human body 4:30 The Charaka samhita 4:55 Atreya’s story 6:58 How Ayurveda explains an epidemic 7:20 Descriptions of corrupted environmental conditions 8:26 Atreya’s story continues 8:50 What causes environmental corruption 9:44 Greed and the environment 10:24 Ancient texts are based on observation 10:53 A golden opportunity

















Guests

Dominik Wujastyk







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Wujastyk, Dominik. The Roots of Āyurveda: Selections from Sanskrit Medical Writings, Penguin Classics (London, New York: Penguin Group). Third revised edition,pp.xlviii, 361. 2003

Wujastyk, Dominik and Conrad, Lawrence I. Contagion: Perspectives from Pre-modern Societies. (Ashgate Publishing: Aldershot, Burlington USA, Singapore, Sydney). 2000

Wujastyk, Dominik (2017). ‘Models of Disease in Ayurvedic Medicine’. In: The Routledge History of Disease. Ed. by Mark Jackson. Abingdon: Routledge. Chap. 3, pp. 38–53.

Season 1, Bonus Episode

The Shameful Legacy of Indigenous Residential Schools















Indigenous residential schools have a shameful legacy across the world and through several centuries, right up to the present day. They erased native cultures and religions, and aimed to ‘civilize’ indigenous people. And children attending these schools have also endured horrific conditions and abuse.

We look first at the history of indigenous residential schools in the United States. Over 150 years, hundreds of thousands of Native American children resided at these schools and were subject to physical, mental, and sexual abuse.

In Peru, children of the Arakambut were sent to Catholic mission schools and taught Spanish.

In Australia, children as young as 4 years old were placed in dorms, taught menial labor and domestic tasks, and sent to work at 14.

Children of India’s 104 million Adivasis also attended indigenous residential schools. They began during British rule, and continued after Independence, as ashram schools. A 2012 investigation called these ashram schools poorly run and managed, and reports of starvation, ill treatment and inadequate teaching have been widespread.

Time Markers (mins: sec)



* 0:12 Sally General’s experience at Mush Hole

2:22 defining ‘indigenous’

3:47 collaboration with How Did We Not Know That? Podcast

3:55 promo for How Did We Not Know That?

4:48 recording from our closets; please donate!

5:31 Native American boarding schools in the US

6:43 mission of US boarding schools

7:06 ‘Kill the Indian, Save the Man’

8:00 early history of Native American education

9:38 ‘Indian Residential Schools’ in the 19th-20th centuries

10:05 erasing Native American identities

11:30 horrific conditions at the schools

12:27 the first US boarding school: Carlisle

13:02 how the US government forced children into schools

13:45 what happened to children after leaving schools

14:20 laws allow Native Americans to determine education

15:10 reckoning or resolution 

15:36 Department of Interior investigation

15:50 Lakota children’s remains returned to reservation

16:48 residential schools in South America

19:40 Australia boarding schools for indigenous

20:20 studies on children attending boarding schools

21:10 boarding schools for Adivasi in India

21:54 British schools for tribal children in Andaman Islands

23:12 Ashram schools for tribal children

23:50 AV Thakkar’s views on tribal education

25:28 conditions in the Ashram schools

26:58 news clip on sexual abuse in tribal schools

28:28 residential schools and resource extraction

29:20 ‘banking model’ of education

30:44 education and a consumer society

31:55 funding from World Bank and UN

33:20 common threads across regions and history

33:53 legacy of colonialism on India tribal schools



















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How Did We Not Know That







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Season 1, rerun

Crooked Big Cats: Why do we have human animal conflict?















There are so many stories of human animal conflict in India, where carnivores live in close proximity with people. On July 29, International Tiger Day, we attempt to answer this and other questions by talking to Nayanika Mathur, an anthropologist at Oxford University.

Nayanika has spent a decade in the trenches in the Himalayas interviewing people who've encountered leopards and other Big Cats. She follows in the footsteps of hunter-naturalist Jim Corbett, who wrote the Maneater of Kumaon in 1944 and chronicled attacks by Bengal tigers and leopards.

Nayanika discusses why some animals attack humans. Do animals have agency? What does the latest in animal behavior research tell us about these animals, and what does indigineous wisdom have to offer?

Time Markers (mins: sec)



00:04 -- Leopard attack

02:00 -- Human-animal conflict has become the norm

3:45 -- Introducing Nayanika Mathur

4:08 -- Nayanika collects big cat stories

4:57 -- stories from unknown voices are powerful

5:54 - Story of a leopard watching a woman named Vimla

7:50 -- Why didn’t the leopard hurt Vimla?

8:15 -- animals have memory

9:29 -- science shows animals have memory

11:45 -- story of the man with one arm

13:40 -- how can we live more in balance with nature?

















Guests

Nayanika Mathur







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Paper Tiger: Law, Bureaucracy and the Developmental State in Himalayan India. Mathur, Nayanika. Delhi: Cambridge University Press, 2016. 204 pp.

Telling the story of the pandemic. (2020, May 11). Somatosphere. http://somatosphere.net/forumpost/covid19-storytelling-pandemic/