The Transhumanist FAQ (2003)
By Nick Bostrom. Abstract: Transhumanism is a way of thinking about the future that is based on the premise that the human species in its current form does not represent the end of our development but rather a comparatively early phase. We formally define it as follows: (1) The intellectual and cultural movement that affirms the possibility and desirability of fundamentally improving the human condition through applied reason, especially by developing and making widely available technologies to eliminate aging and to greatly enhance human intellectual, physical, and psychological capacities. (2) The study of the ramifications, promises, and potential dangers of technologies that will enable us to overcome fundamental human limitations, and the related study of the ethical matters involved in developing and using such technologies. Transhumanism can be viewed as an extension of humanism, from which it is partially derived. Humanists believe that humans matter, that individuals matter. We might not be perfect, but we can make things better by promoting rational thinking, freedom, tolerance, democracy, and concern for our fellow human beings. Transhumanists agree with this but also emphasize what we have the potential to become. Just as we use rational means to improve the human condition and the external world, we can also use such means to improve ourselves, the human organism. In doing so, we are not limited to traditional humanistic methods, such as education and cultural development. We can also use technological means that will eventually enable us to move beyond what some would think of as “human”. Read the full paper: https://nickbostrom.com/views/transhumanist.pdf More episodes at: https://radiobostrom.com/ --- Outline: (00:25) 1 GENERAL QUESTIONS ABOUT TRANSHUMANISM (00:31) 1.1 What is transhumanism? (05:48) 1.2 What is a posthuman? (10:11) 1.3 What is a transhuman? (12:57) 2 TECHNOLOGIES AND PROJECTIONS (13:02) 2.1 Biotechnology, genetic engineering, stem cells, and cloning – what are they and what are they good for? (19:51) 2.2 What is molecular nanotechnology? (31:24) 2.3 What is superintelligence? (39:58) 2.4 What is virtual reality? (44:52) 2.5 What is cryonics? Isn’t the probability of success too small? (49:52) 2.6 What is uploading? (57:26) 2.7 What is the singularity? (01:00:26) 3 SOCIETY AND POLITICS (01:00:34) 3.1 Will new technologies only benefit the rich and powerful? (01:03:50) 3.2 Do transhumanists advocate eugenics? (01:10:17) 3.3 Aren’t these future technologies very risky? Could they even cause our extinction? (01:19:57) 3.4 If these technologies are so dangerous, should they be banned? What can be done to reduce the risks? (01:27:47) 3.5 Shouldn’t we concentrate on current problems such as improving the situation of the poor, rather than putting our efforts into planning for the “far” future? (01:31:17) 3.6 Will extended life worsen overpopulation problems? (01:40:53) 3.7 Is there any ethical standard by which transhumanists judge “improvement of the human condition”? (01:45:25) 3.8 What kind of society would posthumans live in? (01:48:43) 3.9 Will posthumans or superintelligent machines pose a threat to humans who aren’t augmented? (01:53:38) 4 TRANSHUMANISM AND NATURE (01:53:44) 4.1 Why do transhumanists want to live longer? (01:56:51) 4.2 Isn’t this tampering with nature? (02:00:01) 4.3 Will transhuman technologies make us inhuman? (02:01:48) 4.4 Isn’t death part of the natural order of things? (02:07:28) 4.5 Are transhumanist technologies environmentally sound? (02:09:49) 5 TRANSHUMANISM AS A PHILOSOPHICAL AND CULTURAL VIEWPOINT (02:09:56) 5.1 What are the philosophical and cultural antecedents of transhumanism? (02:27:36) 5.2 What currents are there within transhumanism? Is extropianism the same as transhumanism? (02:33:07) 5.3 How does transhumanism relate to religion? (02:35:59) 5.4 Won’t things like uploading, cryonics, and AI fail because they can’t
