The Metabolic Classroom with Dr. Ben Bikman

Insulin IQ
The Metabolic Classroom with Dr. Ben Bikmanポッドキャスト

Welcome to The Metabolic Classroom, a nutrition and lifestyle podcast focused on metabolism, which is how our bodies use energy, and the truth behind why we get sick and fat. Every week, Dr. Ben Bikman shares valuable insights that you can apply in your own life and share with friends and loved ones. The Metabolic Classroom is brought to you by InsulinIQ.com. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

  1. 4日前

    Leaky Gut Explained: Dr. Ben Bikman on Gut Health and Inflammation

    In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman explores the topic of leaky gut syndrome, explaining how substances enter the body through the intestines and how the gut acts as a controlled gateway. While nutrients like amino acids, glucose, and fats are transported through the intestinal lining via a process called transcellular transport, problems arise when the tight junctions between the cells weaken. This can lead to harmful substances, including large molecules and microbes, passing into the bloodstream in a process known as paracellular transport. A key player in leaky gut syndrome is the molecule lipopolysaccharide (LPS), which comes from certain gut bacteria. Under normal conditions, LPS stays in the intestines and is expelled with waste, but when it enters the bloodstream due to leaky gut, it can trigger a chronic inflammatory response. This inflammation is linked to conditions like obesity, heart disease, and fatty liver disease. Bikman emphasized that even low levels of LPS in the blood can promote insulin resistance, further contributing to metabolic disorders. Several dietary and environmental factors can compromise the integrity of the gut barrier. Ben highlights the negative impact of fructose, which weakens tight junction proteins and promotes oxidative stress. Polyunsaturated fats from refined seed oils and gluten, especially in people with sensitivities, can also increase intestinal permeability. Additionally, chronic stress and alcohol consumption were identified as contributors to leaky gut. On a positive note, Dr. Bikman discusses strategies to improve gut health, such as consuming short-chain fatty acids (like butyrate), found in dairy and certain fibers. He also mentioned the potential benefits of saturated fats, particularly from dairy, which may promote gut healing. Lastly, Dr. Bikman shares the role of LDL cholesterol as a “scavenger” that helps remove harmful LPS from the blood, suggesting its misunderstood importance in immune health. https://www.insuliniq.com 00:00 Introduction to Leaky Gut 01:52 How Substances Enter the Body Through the Gut 03:58 Structure and Function of the Gut Lining 07:07 Normal Transport vs. Leaky Gut Transport 09:23 The Role of LPS in Leaky Gut and Inflammation 11:41 How LPS Affects the Body 12:45 Low-Grade Systemic Inflammation 15:23 Cardiometabolic Consequences of Leaky Gut 18:52 Dietary Triggers of Leaky Gut: Fructose and Seed Oils 22:14 The Impact of Gluten and Stress on Gut Health 24:05 Strategies to Improve Gut Health 25:09 Short Chain Fatty Acids and Saturated Fats for Gut Healing 28:08 The Role of LDL Cholesterol in Gut Health 31:16 The Importance of Fiber and Probiotics 33:32 The Rare Sugar Allulose and Gut Integrity 35:23 Conclusion and Practical Takeaways My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10) My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15) My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20) Study references referred to are available upon request. Email: support@insuliniq.com Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    35分
  2. 5日前

    How Hormones Control Obesity: The Fuel Partitioning Theory with Dr. Ben Bikman

    This episode of The Metabolic Classroom focuses on a deeper understanding of insulin’s role in obesity, particularly through the lens of the fuel partitioning theory. This theory suggests that the way the body allocates energy between burning and storing it significantly influences weight gain and overeating. With obesity affecting over 700 million people worldwide, Dr. Bikman emphasizes the importance of understanding the broader health implications, including increased risks for chronic diseases like heart disease, type 2 diabetes, and certain cancers. He also notes the economic burden, highlighting how our current view of obesity is failing to make meaningful improvements. The lecture explores how the caloric view of obesity, which suggests that obesity is purely a result of consuming more calories than are burned, is overly simplistic. Dr. Bikman argues that hormonal influences, particularly insulin, are often overlooked in this view. He draws from a recent publication, “Trapped Fat: Obesity Pathogenesis as an Intrinsic Disorder in Metabolic Fuel Partitioning,” which emphasizes that hormonal signals like insulin play a critical role in whether the body stores or burns energy. Dr. Bikman points out that historical perspectives on obesity used to focus on hormones, but the caloric theory gained dominance after World War II. Through the discussion of various rodent models, such as the VMH lesion model and leptin-deficient animals, Dr. Bikman demonstrates how hormonal imbalances, particularly elevated insulin levels, can drive fat storage even in the absence of overeating. In these models, animals gain significantly more fat despite consuming the same number of calories as healthy controls. Dr. Bikman relates this to human analogs, like hypothalamic obesity and leptin resistance, explaining that these conditions similarly lead to obesity due to disrupted hormonal regulation, especially involving insulin. The final part of the lecture touches on how energy homeostasis and insulin resistance differ in individuals predisposed to obesity. Ben stresses that addressing insulin levels should be the primary strategy for reversing obesity. He concludes by highlighting how controlling insulin can increase metabolic rate and fat burning, allowing the body to waste energy through ketone excretion. He advises that focusing on reducing insulin rather than cutting calories is a more effective approach to long-term weight loss and health improvement. https://www.insuliniq.com My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10) My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15) My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20) References: Trapped fat: Obesity pathogenesis as an intrinsic disorder in metabolic fuel partitioning: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/38961319/ Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    48分
  3. Why A1C Isn't Enough: Insights from Dr. Ben Bikman with Dr. Ken Berry

    8月26日

    Why A1C Isn't Enough: Insights from Dr. Ben Bikman with Dr. Ken Berry

    In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ken Berry and Dr. Ben Bikman discussed the critical role of endogenous insulin, the limitations of focusing solely on glucose levels, and the implications of common markers like A1C and uric acid in understanding metabolic health. Dr. Berry began by highlighting how many primary care physicians misunderstand the function of beta cells in type 2 diabetes, often believing that these cells “burn out” and stop producing insulin. Dr. Bikman clarified that in true type 2 diabetes, beta cells do not fail entirely; instead, insulin production often remains high or slightly decreases, which is still significantly higher than normal. The problem lies in the body’s insulin resistance, not a lack of insulin production. Dr. Bikman emphasized the importance of measuring fasting insulin levels early in a patient's metabolic health journey, noting that levels above 6 microunits/mL can indicate potential problems. The conversation then shifted to the A1C test, a common marker used to assess blood glucose levels over time. Dr. Berry and Dr. Bikman discussed the limitations of A1C, particularly how it can be falsely elevated or decreased based on the lifespan of red blood cells. Longer-lived red blood cells can cause a falsely high A1C, even if glucose levels are normal, while short-lived red blood cells can lead to a falsely low A1C in the presence of hyperglycemia. Dr. Bikman suggested that while A1C has value, it should not be the sole marker for assessing metabolic health. He also pointed out that A1C does not account for the glycation caused by other sugars like fructose, which can lead to significant damage not reflected in A1C results. Dr. Berry raised concerns about the carnivore community, where some individuals see their A1C levels rise despite a healthy diet. Dr. Bikman explained that this could be due to longer-lived red blood cells resulting from a nutrient-rich diet. He recommended the fructosamine test as a better indicator of glucose glycation in these cases. The discussion also touched on the lack of tests for fructose and galactose glycation, leaving healthcare providers blind to the potential damage caused by high fructose intake, especially from fruit juices. The classroom discussion concluded with an exchange about uric acid, particularly its relationship with fructose metabolism. Dr. Bikman shared insights from his research showing that uric acid, which is produced during fructose metabolism, can contribute to insulin resistance and inflammation. However, he also noted that ketones, produced during a ketogenic diet, can inhibit the inflammation caused by uric acid, providing a potential explanation for why individuals on ketogenic diets may experience improved metabolic health despite elevated uric acid levels. https://www.insuliniq.com Learn more about Dr. Ken Berry: https://www.drberry.com/about #InsulinResistance #Type2Diabetes #DrBenBikman #DrKenBerry #A1CTest #FastingInsulin #UricAcid #CarnivoreDiet #Fructose #MetabolicHealth #KetogenicDiet #Inflammation #BetaCells #Endocrinology #BloodGlucose #ProperHumanDiet #HealthLecture #MetabolicClassroom #BiomedicalScience #InsulinIQ My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10) My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15) My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    28分
  4. 8月16日

    The Impact of Estrogens on Glucose Metabolism and Insulin Resistance

    In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Ben Bikman explores the metabolic effects of estrogens, particularly their role in glucose metabolism. Estrogens, mainly produced in the gonads, play a crucial role in regulating blood glucose by enhancing insulin sensitivity. Dr. Bikman explained that estrogens improve insulin signaling through pathways such as PI3 kinase and AKT, which are essential for glucose uptake in muscle and fat tissues. Additionally, estrogens activate AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), further promoting glucose uptake and maintaining healthy blood glucose levels. Estrogens also suppress glucose production in the liver by inhibiting key enzymes involved in gluconeogenesis, helping to prevent excess glucose release into the bloodstream. In contrast, progesterone decreases insulin sensitivity and promotes insulin resistance, counteracting some of estrogen's beneficial effects. This hormonal interplay affects glucose metabolism during the ovarian cycle, with estrogen-dominant phases being more favorable for glucose control. During menopause, the significant drop in estrogen levels leads to increased insulin resistance and shifts in fat storage, often resulting in more central fat accumulation. While hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can mitigate some of these changes, it comes with risks that need careful consideration. Ben emphasizes the significant role of estrogens in glucose metabolism and their broader impact on metabolic health, especially in women. https://www.insuliniq.com 01:19 - Overview of Estrogens and Progesterone 02:20 - Cholesterol as the Precursor to Sex Hormones 03:34 - The Role of Aromatase in Estrogen Production 04:32 - Understanding the Family of Estrogens 05:56 - Estrogens and Glucose Metabolism: Key Signaling Pathways 06:54 - Insulin Signaling Pathway Overview 08:57 - How Estrogens Enhance Insulin Sensitivity 10:04 - The Role of AMPK in Glucose Uptake 12:11 - Estrogens' Dual Mechanism in Regulating Glucose Levels 13:18 - The Impact of Estrogens on Liver Glucose Production 15:33 - Estrogens' Role in Suppressing Gluconeogenesis 17:07 - Why Women Have Lower Risk of Type 2 Diabetes 19:28 - Metabolic Effects During the Ovarian Cycle 21:54 - Progesterone’s Influence on Insulin Resistance and Fat Storage 25:16 - The Shift in Fat Storage Patterns Post-Menopause 26:16 - Hormone Replacement Therapy: Metabolic Considerations PI3K activation leads to the phosphorylation of Akt, a key protein in glucose metabolism, which promotes the translocation of GLUT4 (glucose transporter type 4) to the cell membrane, facilitating glucose uptake into muscle and adipose tissue: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S155041311930138X?via%3Dihub AMPK acts as an energy sensor and helps maintain cellular energy balance, which is crucial in regulating glucose and lipid metabolism: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s12013-015-0521-z Progesterone increases blood glucose levels by enhancing hepatic gluconeogenesis. This effect is mediated by the progesterone receptor membrane component 1 (PGRMC1) in the liver, which activates gluconeogenesis pathways, leading to increased glucose production, especially under conditions of insulin resistance: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-020-73330-7 Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    29分
  5. 8月12日

    Understanding Anabolic Resistance: Dr. Ben Bikman on Aging and Muscle Health

    Dr. Ben Bikman, a biomedical scientist and professor of cell biology, discusses the phenomenon of anabolic resistance. Anabolic resistance, primarily a problem associated with aging, refers to the reduced ability of muscles to synthesize protein in response to anabolic stimuli, such as protein intake and resistance exercise. This condition leads to a decline in muscle mass and function over time, contributing to a loss of physical capacity, increased risk of falls, and a greater dependency on others for daily living. Dr. Bikman emphasizes the importance of muscle mass for overall health. Beyond physical function, muscle plays a crucial role in metabolic regulation, particularly glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity. Muscle acts as a “glucose sink,” helping to regulate blood glucose levels and maintain insulin sensitivity. Therefore, maintaining muscle mass is vital for preventing metabolic disorders and enhancing longevity and health span. Anabolic resistance is influenced by various age-related factors, including hormonal changes, reduced physical activity, insufficient protein intake, and chronic illnesses such as insulin resistance. The key intracellular signal involved in muscle protein synthesis is the mTOR1 pathway, which becomes less responsive with age and insulin resistance. Dr. Bikman also discusses the controversial use of rapamycin, a drug promoted by some longevity enthusiasts, which can inhibit mTOR1 and potentially exacerbate anabolic resistance and insulin resistance. To combat anabolic resistance, Dr. Bikman highlights the importance of dietary and exercise interventions. Older adults require higher protein intake, particularly high-quality protein sources rich in leucine, to stimulate muscle protein synthesis effectively. Additionally, resistance exercise is crucial, with a focus on going to muscle fatigue to promote maximal muscle protein synthesis. Dr. Bikman stresses the need for older adults to prioritize resistance exercise over aerobic exercise to maintain muscle mass and function. Dr. Bikman concludes by emphasizing the societal benefits of maintaining muscle mass and combating anabolic resistance. Strong, healthy, and independent individuals contribute to stronger communities and reduced economic burdens. By adopting proper dietary and exercise habits, individuals can improve their muscle health, enhance their quality of life, and increase their longevity. https://www.insuliniq.com 01:08 - Defining Anabolic Resistance 02:15 - Impact of Aging on Muscle Protein Synthesis 03:15 - Role of Anabolic Stimuli in Muscle Growth 05:15 - Risks Associated with Loss of Muscle Mass 06:17 - Muscle's Role in Metabolic Health 07:19 - Muscle Mass and Longevity 10:24 - Age-Related Factors: Hormones and Physical Activity 11:10 - Biochemical Signaling and mTOR1 Pathway 13:28 - Controversy Around Rapamycin and Longevity 15:43 - Rapamycin's Impact on Muscle and Testosterone 17:42 - Nutrient Sensing and mTOR1 Activation 18:40 - Importance of Leucine in Protein Synthesis 19:54 - Hormonal Regulation of mTOR1 20:55 - Consequences of Anabolic Resistance 21:52 - Combating Anabolic Resistance: Dietary Strategies 24:05 - Importance of High-Quality Protein Sources 26:05 - Role of Resistance Exercise in Combating Anabolic Resistance 28:55 - Exercise Protocols for Older Adults 30:55 - Importance of Resistance Exercise Over Aerobic Exercise 32:55 - Conclusion and Societal Benefits of Muscle Health References: Due to character length constraints, references are not posted here. For a complete list, please email: support@insuliniq.com with your request. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    32分
  6. 8月8日

    The Metabolic Health Benefits of Fermented Foods with Dr. Ben Bikman

    Dr. Ben Bikman, professor of cell biology and metabolic scientist, delivers a lecture on the importance of fermentation and fermented foods from a metabolic perspective. He began by defining fermentation as the metabolic process where bacteria convert carbohydrates into organic molecules, emphasizing that bacteria primarily consume carbohydrates, not fats or proteins. Fermented foods such as dairy, vegetables, and beverages like kombucha and kefir are common examples. Fermentation not only changes the taste and texture of these foods but also has significant metabolic impacts. A key benefit of consuming fermented foods is the reduction in glycemic load, which helps control blood sugar and insulin levels. Dr. Bikman highlightes studies showing that fermented milk improves glycemic control and lipid profiles in people with type 2 diabetes. He pointed out the importance of choosing genuinely fermented products, such as real sourdough bread, which lower postprandial glucose levels compared to conventional bread. Dr. Bikman also discussed the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) during fermentation, such as acetate, propionate, and butyrate. These SCFAs have multiple health benefits, including improving gut health by maintaining gut barrier integrity, promoting an anti-inflammatory environment, and feeding gut cells. Additionally, SCFAs enhance metabolic functions, such as stimulating mitochondrial biogenesis and improving insulin sensitivity, which are crucial for overall metabolic health. Fermented foods also provide probiotics when consumed raw and unpasteurized. These beneficial bacteria can help balance the gut microbiota, improve digestion, and support immune function. Dr. Bikman emphasizes the importance of incorporating raw, fermented foods into the diet to reap these probiotic benefits. Lastly, Dr. Bikman introduced the concept of antinutrients, naturally occurring compounds in plant-based foods that can interfere with nutrient absorption. He explained that fermentation helps reduce the levels of antinutrients such as phytic acid, lectins, oxalates, and tannins, thereby enhancing the bioavailability of essential nutrients. He concludes by encouraging the incorporation of fermented foods into the diet as part of a strategy to control carbohydrate intake and improve metabolic health. https://www.insuliniq.com 01:00 – Overview of Fermentation 02:00 – Definition and Examples of Fermented Foods 04:00 – Benefits of Fermented Dairy: Kefir 06:00 – Fermented Foods and Glycemic Control 08:00 – Sourdough Bread vs. Conventional Bread 10:00 – Introduction to Short-Chain Fatty Acids (SCFAs) 12:00 – SCFAs and Gut Health 13:00 – SCFAs and Metabolic Benefits 15:00 – Probiotics in Fermented Foods 16:00 – Importance of Raw, Unpasteurized Fermented Foods 17:00 – Introduction to Antinutrients 18:00 – Examples of Antinutrients: Phytic Acid, Lectins, Oxalates, Tannins 20:00 – Fermentation's Role in Reducing Antinutrients #FermentedFoods #MetabolicHealth #DrBenBikman #Fermentation #GutHealth #Probiotics #ShortChainFattyAcids #GlycemicIndex #InsulinResistance #Kefir #Sauerkraut #Kimchi #Kombucha #HealthyEating #NutritionScience #DiabetesManagement #AntiNutrients #HealthyGut #Mitochondria #InsulinIQ My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10) My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15) My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20) References: (Due to character length constraints, references are not posted here. For a complete list, please email: support@insuliniq.com with your request.) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    27分
  7. 7月23日

    The Randle Cycle: How Your Body Chooses Between Glucose and Fat

    In this episode of The Metabolic Classroom, Dr. Bikman introduces the concept of the Randle Cycle, also known as the glucose fatty acid cycle, in a lecture aimed at providing a better understanding of metabolism. The Randle Cycle, first identified by Dr. Philip Randle and his colleagues in the 1960s, explores how cells decide between using glucose or fatty acids for fuel. Dr. Bikman emphasized that this cycle has been misinterpreted on social media and aims to clarify its relevance in metabolic functions and nutritional decisions. https://www.insuliniq.com 00:00 - Introduction to the Metabolic Classroom and Dr. Ben Bikman 01:00 - Overview of the Randle Cycle (Glucose Fatty Acid Cycle) 02:00 - Historical Background: Philip Randle’s Research 03:00 - Experimental Model: Perfused Rat Hearts 04:00 - Key Terms: Glucose and Fatty Acids 05:00 - Concept of Substrate Competition 06:00 - Reciprocal Inhibition: Fats vs. Glucose 08:00 - Fatty Acid Oxidation Process 10:00 - Biochemical Pathways: Acetyl-CoA, NADH, and Pyruvate Dehydrogenase 12:00 - Role of Citrate in Glycolysis Inhibition 14:00 - Glucose Utilization and Malonyl-CoA 16:00 - Insulin’s Role in Fuel Selection 18:00 - Insulin’s Impact on Glucose and Fat Burning 20:00 - Diabetes Case Study: Type 1 and Type 2 22:00 - Type 1 Diabetes: High Glucose and Fatty Acids 24:00 - Ketones Production in the Liver 26:00 - Type 2 Diabetes: Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Inflexibility 28:00 - Insulin Resistance in Fat Cells 30:00 - Metabolic Inflexibility in Type 2 Diabetes 32:00 - Insulin Resistance in the Brain 34:00 - The Impact on Hunger and Neurological Disorders 36:00 - Conclusion: Importance of Insulin in Metabolic Health #Metabolism #RandleCycle #DrBenBikman #InsulinResistance #GlucoseMetabolism #FattyAcidOxidation #MetabolicHealth #DiabetesResearch #Ketosis #Type1Diabetes #Type2Diabetes #InsulinRole #CellBiology #NutritionalScience #MetabolicFlexibility #Ketones #GlucoseUtilization #FatBurning #BiomedicalScience #HealthLecture My favorite meal-replacement shake: https://gethlth.com (discount: BEN10) My favorite electrolytes (and more): https://redmond.life (discount: BEN15) My favorite allulose source: https://rxsugar.com (discount: BEN20) References: https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/biochemistry-genetics-and-molecular-biology/randle-cycle Insulin Regulation of Ketone Body Metabolism: https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1002/0470862092.d0308 The Effects of a Ketogenic Diet and Exercise Interventions on Cognitive Function: https://faseb.onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1096/fasebj.31.1_supplement.lb810 (Due to character length constraints, not every reference is posted above. For a complete list, please email: support@insuliniq.com with your request.) Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    37分
  8. 7月18日

    Leptin and Leptin Resistance Explained

    Dr. Ben Bikman’s lecture on leptin, delivered in his Metabolic Classroom series, highlights the hormone's critical role in metabolism. Leptin, primarily produced by white fat tissue, helps regulate energy balance by signaling the brain to suppress appetite and promoting mitochondrial biogenesis in muscle cells. Leptin levels correlate with body fat, and various factors like insulin and TNF alpha influence its production. Insulin significantly stimulates leptin secretion, highlighting a complex interplay between these hormones. Leptin resistance, a condition where the body fails to respond effectively to leptin despite high levels, is similar to insulin resistance and often occurs in individuals with higher body fat. This leads to compromised satiety signals, energy expenditure, and potential obesity. Dr. Bikman also explores leptin’s broader effects on reproductive health, thyroid function, immune function, vascular health, and bone formation. These diverse roles underline leptin's significance in the body. A historical perspective reveals leptin’s discovery in 1994 by Dr. Jeff Friedman’s lab at Rockefeller University. They found that leptin played a crucial role in regulating body weight in mice. However, leptin injections in obese humans did not yield similar results, as most obese individuals already have high leptin levels, leading to the understanding that leptin resistance, not a lack of leptin, is the issue in obesity. The lecture concludes with practical insights on addressing leptin resistance, emphasizing the importance of controlling blood glucose and insulin levels, particularly through low-carb diets. This approach helps reduce leptin levels and improve leptin sensitivity, offering a pathway to better metabolic health and weight control. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

    40分

番組について

Welcome to The Metabolic Classroom, a nutrition and lifestyle podcast focused on metabolism, which is how our bodies use energy, and the truth behind why we get sick and fat. Every week, Dr. Ben Bikman shares valuable insights that you can apply in your own life and share with friends and loved ones. The Metabolic Classroom is brought to you by InsulinIQ.com. Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.

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