On the River of History

Joan Turmelle
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On the River of History Podcast

A new podcast looking back at the events of the past and understanding how our world came to be. New episodes every Sunday. Support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/JTurmelle

  1. 07/04/2019

    10 - Life During the Ice Ages (Part 2)

    This episode traces the lives of humans during the last glacial period of the Ice Ages, particularly in the regions where polar conditions were most prevalent. In Europe, we trace the lineages of forager peoples from the Aurignacians to the Magdalenians and learn about their toolkits, hunting strategies, and artworks, including the spectacular cave paintings. In Siberia, we examine several different cultures that adapted to the expansive steppes. In North America, we look at the Clovis culture and come to understand how the first Americans lived in their world. History is covered from 39,000 to 12,500 years ago. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/184021186461/episode-10-life-during-the-ice-ages Links and References Mentioned:  Chauvet Cave re-dating: https://www.pnas.org/content/113/17/4670 Leroy McDermontt Venus figurines: https://steemit.com/science/@deeallen/self-portraits-of-fertility-symbols-venus-figurines-of-upper-paleolithic-eurasia-nudity Missing Fingers on Hand Stencils: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41982-018-0016-8 Lascaux star map?: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/871930.stm Siberian archaeological record: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Gomphothere hunt: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121807/

    19 min

  2. 07/04/2019

    10 - Life During the Ice Ages

    This episode traces the lives of humans during the last glacial period of the Ice Ages, particularly in the regions where polar conditions were most prevalent. In Europe, we trace the lineages of forager peoples from the Aurignacians to the Magdalenians and learn about their toolkits, hunting strategies, and artworks, including the spectacular cave paintings. In Siberia, we examine several different cultures that adapted to the expansive steppes. In North America, we look at the Clovis culture and come to understand how the first Americans lived in their world. History is covered from 39,000 to 12,500 years ago. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/184021186461/episode-10-life-during-the-ice-ages Links and References Mentioned:  Chauvet Cave re-dating: https://www.pnas.org/content/113/17/4670 Leroy McDermontt Venus figurines: https://steemit.com/science/@deeallen/self-portraits-of-fertility-symbols-venus-figurines-of-upper-paleolithic-eurasia-nudity Missing Fingers on Hand Stencils: https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007%2Fs41982-018-0016-8 Lascaux star map?: http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/871930.stm Siberian archaeological record: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Gomphothere hunt: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4121807/

    18 min

  3. 24/03/2019

    9 - Homo sapiens (Part 4)

    This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens Links and Referenced Mentioned: Inspiration for the dissection of‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/ Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books(2002) African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, CliveFinlayson, Oxford University Press (2009) Generalist Specialists:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour Deep Ancestral Ties to LivingAfricans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9& https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave Access of Southwest Asia fromAfrica via warm and wet corridors:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago Return movements into Africa:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago 1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes areNeanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/ Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494 Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, DonaldProthero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & TheGreat Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013) Possible climate-driver for Humansleaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration Lice study and the Origin ofClothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4? Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/ Alexander Harcourt coastalmigration reference: Humankind,Pegasus Books (2015) Genetic evidence for peopling ofSoutheast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 &https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416 Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia:https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 &http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full Mating between Denisovans andAncestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/ & https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ &https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3 Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Peopling

    15 min

  4. 24/03/2019

    9 - Homo sapiens (Part 3)

    This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens Links and Referenced Mentioned: Inspiration for the dissection of‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/ Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books(2002) African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, CliveFinlayson, Oxford University Press (2009) Generalist Specialists:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour Deep Ancestral Ties to LivingAfricans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9& https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave Access of Southwest Asia fromAfrica via warm and wet corridors:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago Return movements into Africa:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago 1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes areNeanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/ Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494 Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, DonaldProthero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & TheGreat Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013) Possible climate-driver for Humansleaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration Lice study and the Origin ofClothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4? Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/ Alexander Harcourt coastalmigration reference: Humankind,Pegasus Books (2015) Genetic evidence for peopling ofSoutheast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 &https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416 Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia:https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 &http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full Mating between Denisovans andAncestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/ & https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ &https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3 Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Peopling

    10 min

  5. 24/03/2019

    9 - Homo sapiens (Part 2)

    This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens Links and Referenced Mentioned: Inspiration for the dissection of‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/ Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books(2002) African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, CliveFinlayson, Oxford University Press (2009) Generalist Specialists:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour Deep Ancestral Ties to LivingAfricans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9& https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave Access of Southwest Asia fromAfrica via warm and wet corridors:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago Return movements into Africa:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago 1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes areNeanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/ Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494 Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia:https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, DonaldProthero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & TheGreat Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013) Possible climate-driver for Humansleaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration Lice study and the Origin ofClothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4? Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/ Alexander Harcourt coastalmigration reference: Humankind,Pegasus Books (2015) Genetic evidence for peopling ofSoutheast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 &https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416 Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia:https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 &http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full Mating between Denisovans andAncestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ &https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/ & https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ &https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3 Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Peopling

    10 min

  6. 24/03/2019

    9 - Homo sapiens (Part 1)

    This episode begins our discussion of the prehistory of Homo sapiens, the species to which we belong. Our origins are examined on the African continent and we trace the movement of our Ancestors across the world, from Asia to Australia, and from Europe and Siberia to the Americas. This episode ends with a discussion of race, how it developed as a concept, and what it means to anthropologists today. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183673468776/episode-9-homo-sapiens Links and Referenced Mentioned: Inspiration for the dissection of ‘population’ and ‘migration’: https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/observations/plug-and-play-genetics-racial-migrations-and-human-history/ Steve Olson quote: Mapping Human History, Mariner Books (2002) African Multiregionalism: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X1730182X?dgcid=author Borrowing of the term “Ancestor”: The Humans Who Went Extinct, Clive Finlayson, Oxford University Press (2009) Generalist Specialists: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/326689995_Defining_the_'generalist_specialist'_niche_for_Pleistocene_Homo_sapiens_Nature_Human_Behaviour Deep Ancestral Ties to Living Africans: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-07164-9 & https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0959437X18300601?via%3Dihub Oldest Bow-and-Arrow: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/324721964_The_antiquity_of_bow-and-arrow_technology_Evidence_from_Middle_Stone_Age_layers_at_Sibudu_Cave Access of Southwest Asia from Africa via warm and wet corridors: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303763801_Palaeohydrological_corridors_for_hominin_dispersals_in_the_Middle_East_250-70000_years_ago Return movements into Africa: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325856764_Carriers_of_mitochondrial_DNA_macrohaplogroup_L3_basal_lineages_migrated_back_to_Africa_from_Asia_around_70000_years_ago 1.5-2.1% of non-African genomes are Neanderthal: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4031459/ Neanderthal Traits in Homo sapiens: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/primer/dtcgenetictesting/neanderthaldna & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/28985494 Early Homo sapiens movements into Eurasia: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5164938/& https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4933530/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41559-017-0436-8 & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-38818-x Toba Eruption Discussion: When Humans Nearly Vanished, Donald Prothero, Smithsonian Books (2018) & The Great Divide, Peter Watson, HarperCollins Publishers (2013) Possible climate-driver for Humans leaving Africa: https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article/45/11/1023/516677/a-climatic-context-for-the-out-of-africa-migration Lice study and the Origin of Clothing: https://www.cell.com/current-biology/fulltext/S0960-9822(03)00507-4? Bone needles: https://www.sapiens.org/archaeology/fashion-history-sewing-needles/ Alexander Harcourt coastal migration reference: Humankind, Pegasus Books (2015) Genetic evidence for peopling of Southeast Asia: http://science.sciencemag.org/content/361/6397/88.long Peopling of Sahul: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248418302136 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature18299 & https://www.nature.com/articles/nature21416 Peopling of Eastern & Northern Asia: https://investigativegenetics.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/2041-2223-4-11 & http://www.genetics.org/content/202/1/261 & http://advances.sciencemag.org/content/3/2/e1601877.full Mating between Denisovans and Ancestors: https://peerj.com/preprints/27526.pdf Peopling of Europe: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2752585/ & https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3427117/ & https://www.newscientist.com/article/2139694-we-may-have-mated-with-neanderthals-more-than-219000-years-ago/ & https://www.nature.com/articles/s41598-019-41033-3 Peopling of Siberia: https://www.journals.uchicago.edu/doi/full/10.1086/693388 Peopling

    13 min

  7. 17/03/2019

    8 - Lost Peoples (Part 2)

    A continuation of the story of human evolution, examining some of the later species of Homo that coexisted throughout the ice ages. We look at the later developments of Homo erectus in Asia and meet Homo naledi. Then we focus on the Neanderthals and what we know about their lives, ending with a brief look at several mystery humans like the Denisovans. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183516695796/episode-8-lost-peoples Links and References Mentioned: Acheulean Artwork: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-think-neandertal/201504/the-handaxe-enigma Trinil Shell: http://johnhawks.net/weblog/archaeology/lower/trinil-shell-engraving-2014.html German Bison Hunt: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298971814_The_oldest_hominin_butchery_in_European_mid-latitudes_at_the_Jaramillo_site_of_Untermassfeld_Thuringia_Germany Invalidity of ‘Homo heidelbergensis’: https://nutcrackerman.com/2016/11/09/a-moment-of-silence-for-the-death-of-homo-heidelbergensis/ “European phenomenon” by RichardKlein: from the chapter “Hominin Dispersals in the Old World” from The Human Past, Thames & Hudson(2018) Chinese & Korean neanderthals?:https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724840800050X & https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248499903901 Neanderthal Skin, Hair, & Eyecolor: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/03/were-some-neandertals-brown-eyed-girls Neanderthal Spear-throwing: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/neanderthal-spears-threw-pretty-well/581218/ Neanderthal Boats?: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/neandertals-stone-age-people-may-have-voyaged-mediterranean Possible Artwork by Neanderthals: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02357-8 Candace Alcorta & RichardSosis, religions: https://richard-sosis.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2243/2018/08/2005-Sosis-Special-Issue-on-Religion.pdf Denisovan Skull piece: https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/denisovan-skull-found/

    18 min

  8. 17/03/2019

    8 - Lost Peoples (Part 1)

    A continuation of the story of human evolution, examining some of the later species of Homo that coexisted throughout the ice ages. We look at the later developments of Homo erectus in Asia and meet Homo naledi. Then we focus on the Neanderthals and what we know about their lives, ending with a brief look at several mystery humans like the Denisovans. Transcript: https://riverofhistory.tumblr.com/post/183516695796/episode-8-lost-peoples Links and References Mentioned: Acheulean Artwork: https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/how-think-neandertal/201504/the-handaxe-enigma Trinil Shell: http://johnhawks.net/weblog/archaeology/lower/trinil-shell-engraving-2014.html German Bison Hunt: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/298971814_The_oldest_hominin_butchery_in_European_mid-latitudes_at_the_Jaramillo_site_of_Untermassfeld_Thuringia_Germany Invalidity of ‘Homo heidelbergensis’: https://nutcrackerman.com/2016/11/09/a-moment-of-silence-for-the-death-of-homo-heidelbergensis/ “European phenomenon” by Richard Klein: from the chapter “Hominin Dispersals in the Old World” from The Human Past, Thames & Hudson (2018) Chinese & Korean neanderthals?: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S004724840800050X & https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0047248499903901 Neanderthal Skin, Hair, & Eye color: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2012/03/were-some-neandertals-brown-eyed-girls Neanderthal Spear-throwing: https://www.theatlantic.com/science/archive/2019/01/neanderthal-spears-threw-pretty-well/581218/ Neanderthal Boats?: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2018/04/neandertals-stone-age-people-may-have-voyaged-mediterranean Possible Artwork by Neanderthals: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-018-02357-8 Candace Alcorta & Richard Sosis, religions: https://richard-sosis.uconn.edu/wp-content/uploads/sites/2243/2018/08/2005-Sosis-Special-Issue-on-Religion.pdf Denisovan Skull piece: https://www.sapiens.org/evolution/denisovan-skull-found/ Possible Chinese Denisovans: https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2017/03/ancient-skulls-may-belong-elusive-humans-called-denisovans

    14 min
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A new podcast looking back at the events of the past and understanding how our world came to be. New episodes every Sunday. Support me on Patreon! https://www.patreon.com/JTurmelle

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