The Book of Ezra records one of the most remarkable moments in Israel's history: the return of the Jews from seventy years of exile in Babylon. This overview of the Book of Ezra will give you the framework you need to understand the post-exilic period — the three returns from exile, the rebuilding of the temple, and why the prophet Haggai had to preach to a people who had stopped working on God's house. But more than history, Ezra confronts us with a sobering spiritual truth: we never plan to stop for long, but temporary breaks have a way of quietly becoming permanent. https://youtu.be/M-hKikTI-6k When I first became a Christian, I knew almost nothing about the Bible, and I had lots of questions. But God, in His kindness, put a man in my life who never seemed to tire of them: Barry Branaman. Barry was the first person to make me feel like the Bible was not too big for me to understand. After a midweek study at his house, we would sit in his living room for hours — sometimes late into the evening — as he helped me understand the Old Testament. So when I opened a book like Haggai, a book many people might skip right over, I was not lost. In 2012, my wife, Katie, and I drove down to California to stay with Barry and his wife, Kathy. By then, I had been a pastor for about five years, and I wanted to look him in the eye and tell him that the hours he had spent with me in that living room had borne fruit. Sadly, he unexpectedly passed away in his sleep two years later at only 58, so I am glad I had that opportunity. Here is a verse that comes to mind when I think of Barry: Hebrews 11:4 — Though he died, he still speaks. I know this verse is not about Barry, but many things I teach today are influenced by what he taught me. In that sense, though he died, he still speaks when I pass along what he taught me. So in this post, I want to do for you what Barry did for me: give you some Old Testament framework so you can better understand Ezra and Haggai. Table of ContentsHow the Old Testament Fits TogetherPre-Exile, Exile, and Post-ExileEzra 1: God Keeps His WordLesson One: We Can Trust God to Keep His WordHow God Stirred Up CyrusA Spiritual Mission, Not Just a HomecomingOnly 2% ReturnedThe Three Returns in the Book of Ezra and NehemiahEzra 7: The Second ReturnLesson Two: God Turns Kings' HeartsThe Work Stops for Sixteen YearsLesson Three: We Let Temporary Breaks Become PermanentLesson Four: We Start Again When God Stirs UsConclusion: Let God's Word Stir You How the Old Testament Fits Together Here is a simple way to view the 39 books of the Old Testament: 17 history books — Genesis to Esther 5 wisdom books — Job to Song of Solomon 17 prophets — Isaiah to Malachi And here is a high-level view of the story contained in the historical books. God created a people for Himself and gave them a land — the Promised Land — and at the center of that land, in the city of Jerusalem, He gave them a temple. The temple was the great sign that God dwelt in the midst of His people. As long as it stood, the message was unmistakable: God is here with us. But over time, the people turned from God and worshiped idols. God sent prophets to rebuke and warn them about what would happen if they did not repent, but they refused. Eventually, God did what He said He would do. He sent the nation of Babylon, and in 586 BC, Babylon tore down the walls of Jerusalem, burned the temple to the ground, and carried the Jews into exile — hundreds of miles from home, in a foreign land. But here is the interesting thing. God prophesied through Jeremiah that the Jews would be in exile for only seventy years, and then they would return to their land: Jeremiah 25:11–12 — [The Jews] shall serve the king of Babylon seventy years. Then after seventy years are completed, I will punish the king of Babylon and that nation. God said that after seventy years, He would punish the Babylonians. He raised up the Persian Empire to do so, and then Cyrus, the king of Persia, allowed the Jews to return to their land. Pre-Exile, Exile, and Post-Exile This allows us to divide the Jews' history into three sections: pre-exile (before 586 BC), exile (586–538 BC in Babylon), and post-exile (after 538 BC, the return). It is important to notice that no historical books record the Jews' exile. The historical books cover the period before the exile (Genesis through 2 Chronicles) and after the exile (Ezra, Nehemiah, and Esther). To understand the Jews' history during the exile, we have to use the prophets — and the prophets can be divided into the same three sections: Pre-exile prophets: Isaiah, Jeremiah, Lamentations, Hosea, Joel, Amos, Obadiah, Jonah, Micah, Nahum, Habakkuk, Zephaniah Exile prophets: Ezekiel and Daniel — they were in exile with the Jews, so their books show us what the exile was like Post-exile prophets: Haggai, Zechariah, Malachi Because Haggai prophesied after the exile, we really need to understand that period of Jewish history — and the Book of Ezra covers the history from the time of Haggai's prophecies. That is why we must understand this book. Ezra 1: God Keeps His Word Let's look at Ezra 1:1 to see what happened with the Persian king, Cyrus. Because this is a long verse packed with important information, we will break it up piece by piece: Ezra 1:1a — In the first year of Cyrus king of Persia, This is 538 BC, about seventy years after the Babylonians took the first group of Jews into exile. Ezra 1:1b — that the word of the Lord by the mouth of Jeremiah might be fulfilled, This refers to the prophecy from Jeremiah 25 that the Jews would be in exile for only seventy years, which brings us to our first lesson. Lesson One: We Can Trust God to Keep His Word Let me tell you what doesn't happen: nations don't conquer nations and then release the conquered people. When God made the prophecy through Jeremiah, it looked historically impossible for the Jews to return from exile. But God delivered, right on schedule, using a pagan king to do it. And there is great application for us. When we see God's faithfulness to previous things He said, it should encourage us to trust Him to fulfill the other things He said: He has promised He will never leave us nor forsake us. He has promised to work all things together for good for those who love Him. He has promised that He who began a good work in us will bring it to completion. He has promised that Christ will return. Some of those promises can feel as unlikely to us as release from Babylon must have felt to the exiles — especially when we are in the middle of the seventy years, so to speak, with no evidence that anything is changing. But we can be confident that God will do what He has said He will do. How God Stirred Up Cyrus Now look at how God accomplished this: Ezra 1:1c — the Lord stirred up the spirit of Cyrus king of Persia, How did God stir up Cyrus? There is a fascinating possibility: God had prophesied through Isaiah over one hundred years earlier that He would use Cyrus to see Jerusalem rebuilt: Isaiah 44:24, 28 — "I am the Lord… who says of Cyrus, 'He is my shepherd, and he shall fulfill all my purpose'; saying of Jerusalem, 'She shall be built,' and of the temple, 'Your foundation shall be laid.'" Someone could very well have shown Cyrus this prophecy, and he would have seen his name written in Scripture one hundred years before he was born. If I had to guess who showed him, it would be Daniel, because we can tell from his book that he became very prominent and favored in Persia, just as he was in Babylon. So God stirs up Cyrus, and here is what he does: Ezra 1:1d–2 — so that he made a proclamation throughout all his kingdom and also put it in writing: Thus says Cyrus king of Persia: The Lord, the God of heaven, has given me all the kingdoms of the earth, and he has charged me to build him a house at Jerusalem, which is in Judah. Cyrus recognized that God commanded him to have the Jews rebuild the temple. A Spiritual Mission, Not Just a Homecoming This is the first of five times the temple, or the house of God, is mentioned in Ezra 1:2–7: Ezra 1:3 — Whoever is among you of all his people, may his God be with him, and let him go up to Jerusalem, which is in Judah, and rebuild the house of the Lord, the God of Israel—he is the God who is in Jerusalem. Ezra 1:4 — And let each survivor, in whatever place he sojourns, be assisted by the men of his place with silver and gold, with goods and with beasts, besides freewill offerings for the house of God that is in Jerusalem. Ezra 1:5 — Then rose up the heads of the fathers' houses of Judah and Benjamin, and the priests and the Levites, everyone whose spirit God had stirred to go up to rebuild the house of the Lord that is in Jerusalem… Ezra 1:7 — Cyrus the king also brought out the vessels of the house of the Lord that Nebuchadnezzar had carried away from Jerusalem and placed in the house of his gods. You can see the focus of this return is not just re-occupying the Promised Land. It is a spiritual mission to rebuild the temple, or God's house. Here is an important question: we are talking about the temple being rebuilt, so why is it called the house? I might be wrong, but I think this is God's way of looking beyond just the rebuilding of a physical temple to the house of David — connecting this with the Davidic covenant, or with God's promise that the Messiah would come from David's house. Additionally, I want to invite you to read Ezra this way: Luke wrote Luke and Acts, and Acts is a continuation of Luke. It is the same with 2 Chronicles and Ezra — Ezra wrote both, and Ezra is a continuation of Chronicles. Only 2% Returned Let me show you something interesting: Ezra 2:64 — The whole a