This Week in Virology Vincent Racaniello

TWiV reviews cases of measles in Brooklyn NY and Washington DC, stalling of global childhood vaccination, licenses H5N1 vaccines protect against circulating strains, viruses traveling without passports. OC43 SARS-CoV- 2 spike replacement virus as an improved BSL-2 proxy virus for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization assays, and deep mutational scanning reveals functional constraints and antibody-escape potential of Lassa virus glycoprotein complex. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, Alan Dove, Rich Condit, and Kathy Spindler Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Measles in Brooklyn NY (ABC) Measles in Washington DC (DC Health) Global childhood immunization stalls (WHO) Licensed H5N1 vaccines protect against circulating strains (Nat Med) Viruses moving without passports (European CDC) OC42-SARS-CoV-2 replacement spike virus (PNAS) Deep mutational scanning of Lassa virus glycoprotein (Immunity) Letters read on TWiV 1133 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Elemental sulfur found on Mars Kathy – Lennette Lectures at ASV, including Gail Wertz, ASV 2024 Rich – Electricity maps (Opinions: Nuclear Waste Is Misunderstood; Should We Be Worried About Nuclear Waste?) Alan – Nature sent an investigative reporter to a predatory conference Vincent – Coal-filled trains are likely sending people to the hospital Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Dr, Daniel Griffin reviews President Biden’s case of COVID, reviews recent statistics on SARS-CoV-2 infection, discusses post-acute sequelae after infection during pregnancy, the use of nirmatrelvir-ritonavir for post-exposure prophylaxis, where to find Pemgarda, effectiveness of combined nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-molnupiravir treatment, effectiveness of Ensitrelvir in reducing severe outcomes in outpatients at high risk for COVID-19, effectiveness of combined nirmatrelvir-ritonavir-molnupiravir treatment in patients hospitalized with COVID-19, CDC update of Long COVID Basics page, postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pre-delta, delta, and omicron eras, Long COVID risk has dropped over time but remains substantial, efficacy of antivirals, corticosteroids, and mAbs as acute COVID treatments in reducing the incidence of long COVID, and the interplay between diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode President Biden has COVID (CNN, USA Today) COVID-19 national trend (CDC) COVID-19 deaths (CDC) Post–acute sequelae of COVID after infection during pregnancy (OB & Gyn) Oral nirmatrelvir–ritonavir as postexposure prophylaxis for Covid-19 (NEJM) Pemgarda infusion center locator (Pemgarda) Unable to access pemgarda, gotta call Daniel (microbeTV) CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC) Early phase of SARs-CoV-2 infection (COVID.gov) NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH) Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society) Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool) Combined treatment of COVID reduces molnupiravir-induced mutagenicity (J Inf Dis) Effectiveness of ensitrelvir in reducing severe outcomes in outpatients at high risk for COVID-19 (Inf Dis Therapy) Comparative effectiveness of combination therapy with nirmatrelvir–ritonavir and remdesivir versus monotherapy (Lancet) Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV) Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society) Isolation guidance (CDC) Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC) Steroids, dexamethasone at the right time (OFID) Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org) Long COVID is defined (National Academies) Long COVID: the ANSWERS! (longcovidtheanswers.com) The FACTS: post COVID-19=long COVID? (WHO) The BASICS of long COVID-19 (CDC) Postacute sequelae of SARS-CoV-2 infection in the pre-delta, delta, and omicron eras (NEJM) Long Covid risk has dropped over time but remains substantial (CNN) Efficacy of antivirals, corticosteroids, and mAbs as acute COVID treatments in reducing the incidence of long COVID (Clin Micro Inf) Diet and the gut microbiome: implications for health and disease (Nat Rev Micro) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser Letters read on TWiV 1132 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews the potential impact on science of the Supreme Court ruling in the Chevron decision, measles in New Hampshire and Vermont, new who proposed terminology for respiratory pathogen transmission, and pathogenicity and transmission of bovine H5N1 influenza virus. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello, Dickson Despommier, and Rich Condit Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Articles on Chevron decision (one, two, three) Measles in New Hampshire and Vermont (NH DHHS) Pathogenicity and transmission of bovine H5N1 virus (Nature) Letters read on TWiV 1131 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Dickson – Stockholm Wood City Rich – “The Wide Wide Sea” by Hampton Sides Vincent – Tour de France stage 12 Listener Picks Amy – Earth Forced from the Protective Heliosphere: What Do We know? Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv Content in this podcast should not be construed as medical advice.

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses H5N1 influenza in the bird and cow communities of Colorado and Michigan and dengue in New York and the US before reviewing the recent statistics on SARS-CoV-2 infection, the absence of association with proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19 severity in children, where to find PEMGARDA, the effectiveness of molnupiravir and dexamethasone, convalescent plasma, what to do when healthcare workers succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection, a resource of long COVID answers, how the WHO and CDC define long COVID and how it compares to ME/CSF. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode H5N1: birds and cows oh, my…..Michigan and Colorado (CIDRAP) Flu pandemic for the Colorado chicken (Colorado Sun) It’s a disaster: Avian flu in Weld county (Colorado.gov) More 9.7 million dengue cases in US this year: CDC issues warning (Patch.com) Long Island has DENGUE! (Long Island News12) COVID-19 national trend (CDC) COVID-19 deaths (CDC) Association between proton pump inhibitors and COVID-19 susceptibility or severity in children? (Journal of Pediatrics) Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda) Unable to access pemgarda, gottacall Daniel (microbeTV) CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC) Early phase of SARs-CoV-2 infection (COVID.gov) NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH) Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society) Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool) Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV) Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society) What do when your heathcare provider is infected with SARS-CoV-2 (CDC) Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC) Steroids,dexamethasone at the right time (OFID) Benefits of desamethasone, reversal of monocyte dysfunction for severe COVID-19 (Cell) Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org) Long COVID: the ANSWERS! (longcovidtheanswers.com) The FACTS: post COVID-19=long COVID? (WHO) The BASICS of long COVID-19 (CDC) Beyond Myalgic Encephalomyelitis/Chronic Fatigue Syndrome: Redefining an Illness (CDC) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser Letters read on TWiV 1130 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv

TWiV reviews measles in Kenya, a trial for a intranasal COVID vaccine, dengue in the Florida Keys and in Central/South America, Spain connecting government with scientists, T cell activation and viral RNA fragments persist for up to 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection, and durable cross-reactive and protective antibodies against avian N2 neuraminidases elicited by A(H2N2) and A(H3N2) influenza pandemics. Hosts: Vincent Racaniello and Alan Dove Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode MicrobeTV Discord Server Measles in Kenya (WHO) Intranasal COVID vaccine trial (NIH) Dengue in Florida Keys (Florida Health) Dengue rising in Central/South America (NPR) Spain to connect scientists with government (Science) Persistence of T cells and viral RNA after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Sci Transl Med) Influenza pandemics induce cross-reactive antibodies against avian N2 (Nat Comm) Letters read on TWiV 1129 Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Weekly Picks Alan – The first few minutes of this video by Roger Barnes Vincent – Billy & Molly: An Otter Love Story Listener Picks Fernando – A City on Mars Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your virology questions and comments to twiv@microbe.tv

In his weekly clinical update, Dr. Griffin discusses the fourth US case of H5N1 human infection and reminds the audience of the definition of “pasteurization” before reviewing the recent statistics on SARS-CoV-2 infection, where to find PEMGARDA, the effectiveness of molnupiravir and dexamethasone, convalescent plasma, what to do when healthcare workers succumb to SARS-CoV-2 infection, how an EEG can be used to look for signatures of cognitive decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection and what we observed 2 years following SARS-CoV-2 infection for tissue-resident T cell and viral RNA persistence. Subscribe (free): Apple Podcasts, Google Podcasts, RSS, email Become a patron of TWiV! Links for this episode Fourth case human infection associated with an ongoing multistate outbreak of A(H5N1) (CDC) Human H5N1 in Colorado and thedefinition of pasteurization (CIDRAP) Is “raw” milk more risky than pasteurized (Annenberg Public Policy Center) COVID-19 national trend (CDC) COVID-19 deaths (CDC) Winter, spring, summer and fall COVID-19 surges? (CDC) Where to get pemgarda (Pemgarda) Unable to access Pemgarda, gotta call Daniel (microbeTV) CDC Quarantine guidelines (CDC) Early phase of SARs-CoV-2 infection (COVID.gov) NIH COVID-19 treatment guidelines (NIH) Infectious Disease Society guidelines for treatment and management (ID Society) Drug interaction checker (University of Liverpool) Molnupiravir safety and efficacy (JMV) Molunpiravir works: reduces hospitalizations and deaths due to COVID-19 and all-cause mortality (CID) Convalescent plasma recommendation for immunocompromised (ID Society) What do when your heathcare provider is infected with SARS-CoV-2 (CDC) Managing healthcare staffing shortages (CDC) Steroids,dexamethasone at the right time (OFID) Benefits of dexamethasone, reversal of monocyte dysfunction for severe COVID-19 (Cell) Anticoagulation guidelines (hematology.org) EEG signatures for cognitive decline after SARS-CoV-2 infection (BMC Medicine) Tissue resident T-cells and viral RNA 2 years after SARS-CoV-2 infection (Science Translational Medicine) Contribute to our Floating Doctors fundraiser Letters read on TWiV 1128 Dr. Griffin’s COVID treatment summary (pdf) Timestamps by Jolene. Thanks! Intro music is by Ronald Jenkees Send your questions for Dr. Griffin to daniel@microbe.tv