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We will review topics to help you excel in medical school and on board exams.

Episodes

  1. 27 Apr

    Episode 1: Foundations of Cardiac Evaluation (ECG & Physical Exam)

    Episode 1: Foundations of Cardiac Evaluation (ECG & Physical Exam) ECG Basics: Focus on calculating heart rate (300 divided by the number of large boxes between QRS complexes), identifying normal sinus rhythm, and determining the QRS axis (normal, left, right, or extreme deviation).Intervals & Conduction: Detail the PR interval (120-200 msec) and QRS interval (120 msec). Explain the morphology of Left Bundle-Branch Block (LBBB) using the "W" in V1 and "M" in V6, the Right Bundle-Branch Block (RBBB) using the "M" in V1 and "W" in V6, and the necessity of the Smith-Modified Sgarbossa Criteria for diagnosing myocardial infarctions (MI) when an LBBB is present. Discuss QT prolongation and its congenital causes, such as Romano Ward syndrome and Jervell and Lange-Nielsen syndrome.Ischemia & Chamber Enlargement: Explain the progression of ST-segment elevation MI (STEMI) from hyperacute T waves to pathologic Q waves, and how to localize infarcts using specific ECG leads (e.g., inferior wall via leads II, III, aVF). Describe signs of right and left atrial enlargement (P pulmonale vs P mitrale) and ventricular hypertrophy.Physical Exam Findings: Detail neck vein assessments like Jugular Venous Distention (JVD), hepatojugular reflux, and the Kussmaul sign. Break down the murmurs of Aortic Stenosis, Mitral Regurgitation, Mitral Valve Prolapse, Aortic Regurgitation, and Mitral Stenosis, including how maneuvers (squatting, Valsalva, leg raises) change their intensity. Conclude with descriptions of S3 and S4 gallops and pulse abnormalities like pulsus paradoxus and pulsus parvus et tardus

    57 min

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We will review topics to help you excel in medical school and on board exams.