Are you a practitioner, researcher, or student in psychology, education, medicine, or rehabilitation looking for rigorous, ethical, and effective ways to understand and change individual behaviour? Tired of relying solely on group averages that may not reflect the unique needs of your clients or participants? This episode is for you. We dive deep into the powerful methodology of single-case experimental designs, a cornerstone of applied behavior analysis (ABA) and the experimental analysis of behaviour, championed by pioneers like Pavlov, Skinner, and Sidman. Forget the misleading term "N=1 designs." We explain why single-case methods are far more sophisticated, generating a high number of data points for each individual through repeated observations, allowing for powerful demonstrations of experimental control. These methods are not about restricting behaviour but about establishing the enrichment and expansion of an individual’s behavioural repertoire. Learn how fundamental designs like A-B (baseline-intervention), A-B-A, and A-B-A-B (reversal designs) can rigorously show that an intervention, and not extraneous factors, caused a change in behaviour. Discover the flexibility and ethical advantages of multiple-baseline designs, which demonstrate effectiveness across different individuals, behaviours, or settings without needing to withdraw a beneficial treatment. Explore the utility of changing-criterion designs for gradually shaping behaviour towards a specific goal and alternating-treatments designs for rapidly comparing the effectiveness of different interventions. We'll also touch upon factorial designs used in single-case studies to investigate the interaction of multiple variables influencing behaviour. Effective behaviour change starts with precise measurement and observation. We discuss how to define target behaviours that are objective, clear, and complete, capturing the specific actions of interest. Understand various recording procedures, from continuous methods like frequency, duration, latency, and real-time recording, to sampling methods like interval recording and time sampling, useful when continuous observation is challenging. Learn the importance of interobserver agreement to ensure data reliability and accuracy, and how to select the most appropriate recording device. Critical considerations like reactivity to observation and maintaining ethical standards – including informed consent, confidentiality, dignity, and respect – are also covered. But collecting data is only the first step. We explore the crucial role of visual analysis, the primary method for interpreting single-case data. Master how to inspect time-series graphs for changes in level, trend, and variability across different phases, making informed judgments about the effectiveness of an intervention. Visual inspection, relying on trained professional judgment, offers transparency and accountability, allowing anyone to see the impact of an intervention on an individual. Connecting research to practice is key. Translational research bridges the gap from basic findings to real-world application (T1, T2, T3 stages), while systematic replication establishes the generality of findings across varied conditions, participants, and settings – because, as the saying goes, replication is the essence of believability. Ultimately, mastering single-case research methods is vital for the scientist-practitioner ideal. It empowers professionals to be empirical evaluators of their own practice, to demonstrate clinical significance and effectiveness at the individual level, and to contribute scientifically from applied settings. Tune in to unlock the potential of single-case research and ABA for creating meaningful, data-driven behaviour change.
