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Financial support for climate technology startups in Africa from the private sector is growing. Businesses have raised more than $3.4 billion since 2019. However, the continent requires $277 billion each year to meet its climate goals for 2030. 
私营部门对非洲气候技术初创企业的财政支持正在增加。 自 2019 年以来，企业已筹集超过 34 亿美元。然而，非洲大陆每年需要 2770 亿美元才能实现 2030 年的气候目标。 
Experts say to receive more money, African countries need to deal with risks such as unexpected currency value changes. And they say investors need to expand into different climate sectors, including flood protection, disaster management and heat management. Investors should also use more kinds of funding methods. 
专家表示，为了获得更多资金，非洲国家需要应对货币价值意外变化等风险。 他们表示，投资者需要扩展到不同的气候领域，包括防洪、灾害管理和热量管理。 投资者还应该采用更多种类的融资方式。 
Africa: The Big Deal is a financial support database. It says that last year, climate tech startups on the continent raised $1.04 billion. That is a 9 percent increase from the year before and three times what they raised in 2019. That increase comes as overall money for startups in Africa fell last year. 
Africa: The Big Deal 是一个金融支持数据库。 据称，去年非洲大陆的气候技术初创公司筹集了 10.4 亿美元。 这比前一年增长了 9%，是 2019 年筹集资金的三倍。这一增长是在去年非洲初创企业的总体资金下降的情况下实现的。 
The money climate tech startups raised last year was more than one-third of all monies raised by startups in Africa in 2023. It came in second to financial technology, a more established sector. 
去年，气候科技初创公司筹集的资金占 2023 年非洲初创公司筹集资金总额的三分之一以上。它位居第二，仅次于更为成熟的金融技术领域。 
Venture capital is usually given to business with large risk but great long-term growth possibilities. Startups use it to expand into new markets and to get products and services on the market. 
风险投资通常给予风险较大但长期增长潜力巨大的企业。 初创公司利用它来拓展新市场并将产品和服务推向市场。 
Even with the noted growth, private sector financing represented only 14 percent of all of Africa’s climate finance from 2019 to 2020. That information comes from a study by Climate Policy Initiative, a finance and policy research organization. 
尽管增长显着，但 2019 年至 2020 年，私营部门融资仅占非洲气候融资总额的 14%。该信息来自金融和政策研究组织气候政策倡议的一项研究。 
That number is far lower than in other parts of the world. In East Asia and the Pacific, for example, private sector financing represents 39 percent of climate finance. And in Latin America and the Caribbean, it makes up 49 percent. 
这个数字远远低于世界其他地区。 例如，在东亚和太平洋地区，私营部门融资占气候融资的 39%。 在拉丁美洲和加勒比海地区，这一比例为 49%。 
Sandy Okoth works at FSD Africa. The non-profit organization receives funding from the British government. Okoth said the low financial support in Africa is linked to investors putting money in areas they are more familiar with, such as renewable energy technology. Less money comes in for “more complex” technology, Okoth said. That includes technology for adapting to climate change, he added. 
桑迪·奥科斯 (Sandy Okoth) 在 FSD Africa 工作。 该非营利组织接受英国政府的资助。 奥科斯表示，非洲的财政支持较低与投资者将资金投入他们更熟悉的领域有关，例如可再生能源技术。 奥科斯说，“更复杂”的技术投入的资金更少。 他补充说，这包括适应

Robert Burns is widely regarded as the national poet of Scotland, perhaps best known for Auld Lang Syne, which is sung across the world on Hogmanay. 
罗伯特·彭斯被公认为是苏格兰的民族诗人，他最著名的作品应该就是《友谊地久天长》，这首歌在新年前夜被全世界传唱。
The National Trust for Scotland's online portal will allow people to view fragments of one of only six known manuscripts of the poem, dating from 1793.
苏格兰国民信托的在线门户网站将允许人们查看这首诗仅存的六份手稿其中之一的碎片，手稿年份可以追溯到1793年。
The wedding ring of Burns's wife Jean Armour will also be on show, as will a lock of hair belonging to the woman believed to have inspired the song 'Highland Mary'. A blue monogrammed sock is also featured. It reveals Burns was a size eight.
展品还包括彭斯妻子简·阿莫尔的婚戒、一缕头发——据说这缕头发的主人正是启发彭斯创作歌曲《高原玛丽》的那位女士。此外，还有一只织有花押字的蓝色袜子，从这只袜子可以看出，彭斯穿8码的鞋子。
词汇表
widely regarded 被公认，普遍认为Hogmanay （苏格兰的）除夕，新年前夜online portal 在线门户fragments 碎片manuscripts 手稿lock of hair 一缕头发inspired 启发了，赋予了灵感monogrammed 有花押字的

Over half of American TV viewers now use subtitles whenever they watch TV, according to survey company YouGov. This trend is even more noticeable in viewers under 30. Subtitles have long been used to help people with hearing impairments or to allow people to watch films in a different language, but why has their use become so widespread?
据调查公司 YouGov 称，现在超过一半的美国电视观众在看电视时都会使用字幕。 这种趋势在 30 岁以下的观众中更为明显。长期以来，字幕一直被用来帮助听力障碍人士或让人们观看不同语言的电影，但为什么字幕的使用变得如此广泛？
The reasons for this are both technical and social. Advances in digital sound production and microphones mean that actors can be more natural in their vocal performance, while at the same time audio directors are able to make more and more dramatic soundscapes. Combined with the much smaller speakers contained in modern TV sets, this can all make dialogue seem unintelligible.
造成这种情况的原因既有技术原因，也有社会原因。 数字声音制作和麦克风的进步意味着演员的声乐表演可以更加自然，同时音频导演也能够制作出越来越戏剧性的音景。 再加上现代电视机中包含的小得多的扬声器，这一切都会使对话显得难以理解。
Smartphones may play a role. We are used to subtitled social media videos that can be watched without headphones. Smartphones also allow us to watch film and TV in public places where they are not easily audible.  Another social reason could be the increased appetite for programmes in other languages accessible through international streaming services.
智能手机可能会发挥一定作用。 我们已经习惯了无需耳机即可观看的带字幕的社交媒体视频。 智能手机还允许我们在不易被听到的公共场所观看电影和电视。 另一个社会原因可能是人们对通过国际流媒体服务访问的其他语言节目的兴趣增加。
While some viewers may consider subtitles to be distracting, or worry about the potential for spoilers, they don't just help with unclear audio. A number of studies have suggested that subtitles could help people to increase their vocabulary and boost their listening skills in languages that they do not currently speak.
虽然一些观众可能认为字幕会分散注意力，或者担心可能会剧透，但它们不仅仅有助于解决不清楚的音频。 许多研究表明，字幕可以帮助人们增加词汇量并提高他们目前不会说的语言的听力技能。
This may be particularly effective when subtitles are in the same language as the audio track of the programme. Same-language subtitles have also been shown to help young children develop their reading skills in their first language, to the point where campaigners have suggested enabling subtitles on all children's programmes by default.
当字幕与节目音轨采用相同语言时，这可能特别有效。 同语言字幕也被证明可以帮助幼儿发展母语的阅读技能，以至于活动人士建议默认在所有儿童节目中启用字幕。
词汇表
viewers 观众hearing impairment 听觉障碍digital sound production 数字声音制作natural 自然的vocal performance 声乐表演audio director 音频导演dramatic soundscape 戏剧化的声景dialogue 对话unintelligible 无法理解的audible 听得见的，可以听到的distracting 分散注意力的spoiler 剧透unclear 不清楚的audio track 音轨same-language subtitles 同语言字幕enable 使…可能

Worobey said the virus likely spreads among the cows due to contact with milking machines, trucks or the shoes of farm workers. It then moves from cow to cow before making its way back to birds. Worobey said birds tested on the same farms as sick cows have a form of the virus with “clear mammalian adaptations.” In other words, the virus shows signs of changing before infecting the bird populations. 
沃罗比说，由于接触挤奶机、卡车或农场工人的鞋子，病毒可能在奶牛之间传播。然后它从一头牛转移到另一头牛，最后又回到鸟类身上。沃罗比说，在与病牛相同的农场进行测试的鸟类携带了一种具有“明显的哺乳动物适应性”的病毒。换句话说，病毒在感染鸟类之前就表现出了变化的迹象。 
Scientists say the best way to keep the virus from spreading to more cows, and possibly humans, is to test cows as often as possible and follow their movements. 
科学家表示，防止病毒传播给更多奶牛（甚至可能是人类）的最佳方法是尽可能频繁地对奶牛进行检测并跟踪它们的活动。 
Thomas Friedrich is a virology expert at the University of Wisconsin’s animal medical school. “We need to be able to do greater surveillance so that we know what’s going on.” 
托马斯·弗里德里希是威斯康星大学动物医学院的病毒学专家。“我们需要能够进行更大规模的监视，以便我们知道发生了什么。” 
Worobey said testing for active virus is one thing. But the tests must also look for antibodies, or evidence of past infections.
沃罗贝说，检测活性病毒是一回事。但测试还必须寻找抗体或过去感染的证据。 
“That is a really accessible and quick way to find out how widespread this is,” he said. 
他说：“这是了解这种情况有多普遍的一种非常容易且快速的方法。” 
Scientists are working to be sure that heating up the milk before it is put into containers for humans to drink is enough to kill the virus. The process is called pasteurization. The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) will have more information about that soon. 
科学家们正在努力确保在将牛奶放入容器供人类饮用之前将其加热足以杀死病毒。该过程称为巴氏灭菌。美国食品和药物管理局 (FDA) 将很快提供更多相关信息。 
Right now, the FDA recommends humans to avoid raw or unpasteurized milk. Farm workers are also being told to wear masks, wash their hands and change their work clothes often, Aliota said. 
目前，美国食品和药物管理局建议人们避免食用生牛奶或未经高温消毒的牛奶。阿利奥塔说，农场工人还被告知要戴口罩、勤洗手并经常更换工作服。 
The U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention said 23 people have been tested for the virus so far. One person has tested positive for a mild eye infection. CDC officials are watching for signs of sickness in 44 other people who were in contact with infected animals. 
美国疾病控制与预防中心表示，迄今为止已有 23 人接受了病毒检测。一名患者轻度眼部感染检测呈阳性。CDC 官员正在观察另外 44 名接触过受感染动物的人是否有生病迹象。 
David O’Connor is a virus expert at the University of Wisconsin-Madison. He said that knowing about the virus should not make humans “change anything about how (they) live their daily lives.” 
大卫·奥康纳是威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校的病毒专家。他说，了解这种病毒不应让人类“改变他们的日常生活方式”。 
But he said humans should have “increased awareness that something is happening.” 
但他表示，人类应该“提高对正在发生的事情的认识”。

The United States plans new rules for the movement of dairy cows between states because of concerns about a bird flu outbreak. 
出于对禽流感爆发的担忧，美国计划对各州之间奶牛的流动制定新规则。
The virus is called Type A H5N1. It has been found in over 30 different groups of cows across eight states. 
该病毒被称为 A 型 H5N1。 已在 8 个州的 30 多个不同的奶牛群中发现了这种病毒。 
Some inactive markers of the virus have been found in milk sold in stores. Inactive markers mean the virus is dead and cannot harm humans who drink the milk. 
在商店出售的牛奶中发现了一些非活性病毒标记。 不活跃的标记意味着病毒已经死亡，不会伤害喝牛奶的人。 
The concern is that the virus could mutate, or change. It could then possibly spread from cows or other animals to humans. Experts, however, believe the risk of that is low. 
令人担忧的是病毒可能会变异或改变。 然后它可能从牛或其他动物传播到人类。 然而，专家认为这种风险很低。 
After April 29, cows must have been tested and found to not have the virus before they are permitted to be moved between states. 
4 月 29 日之后，奶牛必须经过检测并发现没有携带病毒，然后才能获准在各州之间转移。 
The virus has been known by scientists to circulate among wild birds. It appears in other animals if they eat sick birds. Some animals that live near the sea have tested positive for the virus, including harbor seals and polar bears. Animals that eat grasses, such as cows and goats, have only recently been found to have the virus. 
科学家已知该病毒在野生鸟类中传播。 如果其他动物吃了病鸟，也会出现这种情况。 一些生活在海边的动物的病毒检测呈阳性，包括斑海豹和北极熊。 直到最近才发现牛和山羊等吃草的动物携带这种病毒。
Richard Webby is an influenza expert at St. Jude’s Children’s Research Hospital in Tennessee. He said flu viruses are known for adapting to spread among new animals. Finding the virus in dairy milk raises concerns that it could spread to people, Webby said. 
理查德·韦比是田纳西州圣裘德儿童研究医院的流感专家。 他说，众所周知，流感病毒能够适应在新动物之间的传播。 韦比说，在牛奶中发现这种病毒引发了人们对其可能传播给人类的担忧。 
Scientists confirmed the virus in cows in March after farmers said their cows were sick. They said the animals’ symptoms included tiredness and low milk production. Some farmers said the milk the sick cows produced was thick and yellow. 
三月份，在农民表示他们的奶牛生病后，科学家们证实了奶牛体内存在这种病毒。 他们说，这些动物的症状包括疲倦和产奶量低。 一些农民表示，病牛产出的牛奶又浓又黄。 
Matthew Aliota is an animal medicine researcher at the University of Minnesota. He said finding the inactive virus in the milk “suggests this has been going on longer, and is more widespread, than we have previously recognized.” 
马修·阿利奥塔（Matthew Aliota）是明尼苏达大学的动物医学研究员。 他说，在牛奶中发现失活病毒“表明这种情况持续的时间比我们之前认识的要长，而且范围更广。” 
The U.S. Department of Agriculture recently sent out new genetic information about the virus. 
美国农业部最近发布了有关该病毒的新基因信息。 
Michael Worobey is an evolutionary biologist with the University of Arizona. He said the federal agency information makes him think the virus moved from birds to cows late in 2023. 
迈克尔·沃罗贝 (Michael Worobey) 是亚利桑那大学的进化生物学家。 他说，联邦机构的信息让他认为病毒在 2023 年底从鸟类转移到了牛身上。 

Heavy rains and severe flooding have been hitting Kenya since March. They are among the most disastrous rainstorms to hit the East African country in recent years.
自三月以来，肯尼亚遭受暴雨和严重洪水袭击。 这是近年来袭击这个东非国家的最具灾难性的暴雨之一。
At least 169 people have died from the heavy rains. At least 91 others are missing, the latest government estimates say.
至少有169人因暴雨死亡。 政府最新估计称，至少还有 91 人失踪。
On Monday, at least 48 people died after water blew through a blocked river tunnel under a railway line in southwestern Kenya.
周一，肯尼亚西南部铁路线下一条被堵塞的河流隧道被洪水冲破，造成至少 48 人死亡。
The flooding has displaced more than 190,000 people and damaged roads and other structures.
洪水导致超过 190,000 人流离失所，道路和其他建筑物受损。
Seasonal weather patterns, climate change and other natural weather events all combine to create deadly rainstorms.
季节性天气模式、气候变化和其他自然天气事件结合在一起，造成了致命的暴雨。
Kenya and some other parts of eastern Africa have two main rainfall periods: the “long rains” season from March to May, and the “short rains” season from October to December.
肯尼亚和东非其他一些地区有两个主要降雨期：3月至5月的“长雨”季节和10月至12月的“短雨”季节。
The “long rains” season is when most of the country’s average yearly rainfall happens.
“长雨”季节是该国年平均降雨量的大部分时间。
In its forecast for this year’s “long rains” season, the Kenya Meteorological Department predicted above-average rainfall in many parts of the country. It also warned of flooding, landslides and other harmful effects.
肯尼亚气象部门在对今年“长雨”季节的预测中预计，该国许多地区的降雨量将高于平均水平。 它还警告洪水、山体滑坡和其他有害影响。
Last year’s “short rains” season saw severe storms in many parts of the country. The meteorological department said Lamu, Mombasa and Garissa areas received nearly three times their long-term average rainfall.
去年“短雨”季节，全国多地遭遇严重风暴。 气象部门表示，拉穆、蒙巴萨和加里萨地区的降雨量几乎是长期平均降雨量的三倍。
Kenya's rainfall frequency and intensity are affected by a natural climate system called the Indian Ocean Dipole.
肯尼亚的降雨频率和强度受到称为印度洋偶极子的自然气候系统的影响。
The Indian Ocean Dipole makes the surface of the western Indian Ocean warmer and then colder than the eastern Indian Ocean. It causes heavy rainfall in areas west of the Indian Ocean, such as Kenya, and droughts in Indonesia and Australia.
印度洋偶极子使西印度洋的表面比东印度洋先暖后冷。 它导致肯尼亚等印度洋以西地区出现强降雨，并导致印度尼西亚和澳大利亚出现干旱。
Joyce Kimutai is a researcher at Imperial College London. She said that, in Kenya’s case, the Indian Ocean Dipole and climate change are likely bringing more severe rainfall and flooding.
乔伊斯·基穆泰 (Joyce Kimutai) 是伦敦帝国理工学院的研究员。 她说，就肯尼亚而言，印度洋偶极子和气候变化可能会带来更严重的降雨和洪水。
In a study in December last year, Kimutai and other scientists from World Weather Attribution found that human-caused climate change had made last year’s “short rains” season in Kenya and other parts of eastern Africa up to two times more intense.
在去年 12 月的一项研究中，Kimutai 和世界天气归因组织的其他科学家发现，人为造成的气候变化使肯尼亚和东非其他地区去年的“短雨”季节强度增加了两倍。
It has become more difficult to predict long-term weather in Kenya in recent