In the second of this two-part special on Ancient Rome, Thomas takes us through the current state of research on gender bending in the Ancient Roman world. We then quickly dive into the controversial case of the young Emperor Elagabalus. What do the primary sources actually say, and what might they actually tell us about Roman attitudes towards gender boundaries and boundary crossers? Check us out across the web! website pixelfed bsky insta patreon Content Warning: This episode mentions castration and human sacrifice. Sources: Addley, Esther. “Was Roman Emperor Elagabalus Really Trans – and Does it Really Matter?” The Guardian, 24.11.2023. Anon. The Scriptores Historiae Augustae Historia. Susan H. Ballou and Hermann Peter, eds. David Magie, trans. London/New York: William Heinemann/G.P. Putnam’s Sons, 1921-1932.(Loeb Classical Library edition.) Available here. Beard, Mary. “Imperial Transgressions: Satire and Subversion in the Life of Elagabalus.” Second Sather Lecture. University of California, Berkeley. 27.2.2021. Available on YouTube. Cassius Dio. Dio’s Roman History. Earnest Cary, trans. London/New York: William Heinemann/The MacMillan Co., 1914-1927. (Loeb Classical Library edition.) Available here. Gibbon, Edward. The Decline and Fall of the Roman Empire.London: Frederick Warne and Co., 1893, 4 vols. (Orig. published 1776-1789.) Herodian. Herodian of Antioch’s History of the Roman Empire. Edward C. Echols, trans. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1961. Available here. Icks, Martijn. The Crimes of Elagabalus. The Life and Legacy of Rome’s Decadent Boy Empereor. London: Bloomsbury, 2011. Icks, Martijn. “Cross-dressers in Control: Transvestism, Power and the Balance between the Sexes in the Literary Discourse of the Roman Empire,” in Domitilla Campanile, Filippo Carlà-Uhink, and Margherita Facella (eds.), Trans Antiquity: Cross-Dressing and Transgender Dynamics in the Ancient World (New York: Routledge, 2017), 65-82. Available here. Icks, Martijn. “Empire of the Sun? Civic Responses to the Rise and Fall of Sol Elagabal in the Roman Empire.” In O. Hekster, Sebastian Schmidt-Hofner, and Christian Witschel (eds.), Ritual Dynamics and Religious Change in the Roman Empire (Leiden: Brill, 2009), 111-20. Osgod, Josh. “Casius Dio’s Secret History of Elagabalus.” In: Carsten Hjort Lange and Jesper Majborn Madsen (eds.), Cassius Dio: Greek Intellectual and Roman Politician (Leiden: Brill, 2016), 177-90. Rantala, Jussi. “Ruling in Purple ... and Wearing Make-up: Gendered Adventures of Emperor Elagabalus as Seen by Cassius Dio and Herodian.” In Allison Surtees and Jennifer Dyer (eds.), Exploring Gender Diversity in the Ancient World (Edinburgh: Edinburgh University Press, 2020), 118-28. Williams, Craig. Roman Homosexuality: Ideologies of Masculinity in Classical Antiquity. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2010. (Expanded and updated edition. Orig. published 1999). LEGAL NO THESE OLD QUEERS CONTENT MAY BE USED FOR TRAINING, TESTING, OR DEVELOPING MACHINE LEARNING OR AI SYSTEMS WITHOUT WRITTEN PERMISSION - TO SAVE YOU THE TROUBLE OF ASKING: WE WON'T GIVE IT TO YOU ANYWAY.