Here in the hills of inland New England, you could wander down the road this weekend into the village below. You will be going down to watch the fireworks with your family on the bridge that spans the lake as your friends and neighbors light them from a dock. It will be a little dusky as you walk down along the tree-lined road through the tunnel of green and everyone will be too excited, too full of anticipation of the night to come, to even mind the biting bugs that hatched in the humidity of the past week. That humidity brought hot days and brilliant nights of thunder and lightning that your children did not even mind for they were too exhausted from the long days of playing and swimming and doing all the good green things that children do. On your way, the widow who lives nearby may ask you to help her lift something. You oblige without thinking. The woman who lives behind the church with her ducks will wave even though she doesn’t quite remember who you are. This is fine; you can remind her again as you have a dozen times before. You will exchange some pleasant words with the new people who moved into the nice house down by the inn where your friends lived until recently. They were getting older though and moved to be closer to their children and grandchildren a few states away. Your own child will tug on your sleeve and remind you the fireworks are starting, interrupting your reflection. The show will be fantastic, of course: gold and red and blue illuminating the silhouettes of the tall maples and pines at the lake’s edge and they’ll go on longer than you think possible. You will not notice that a family member or neighbor or old friend handed your children sparklers amid the spectacle, and they will beg to light them in the dark heat. This is fine; you’ll walk back up the hill and light them for your children on the front lawn before putting them to bed. Ah, but then all the rogue displays from the families scattered around the hills will begin to peek up through the distant trees and you will relent as your little ones plead to stay outside for just a little longer to get a better look. The fireflies will begin to wander into the field from the woodline. There, amid all those good lights both man-made and green-grown, you may find yourself thinking about liberty. We say the word so often this month, this week that it loses its edges a bit, becomes some ephemeral banner instead of the blood-red real thing it actually is. Indeed, what are we celebrating here in the village when the sky lights up over our good green hills? Our wounded modern world has an answer ready of course. First, some will tell you there is nothing worth celebrating at all, that the country has strayed too far from its initial ethos to still be considered valid. This is so cynical and defeatist that you justifiably reject it outright and do not give it a second thought. Beyond the rage and the gnashing of teeth however, another more insidious and consumptive yet subtle answer to the question will be presented to you: liberty as optionality. Ah yes, freedom is the open road, the life untethered, the ability to leave anything and everything in a moment for something better. Your hometown is dead or dying or the politics are so corrupt that it is irredeemable. Your parents and older relatives are so extreme and their views so outdated that they are no longer worthy of your contact. All the old institutions, civic, religious, and otherwise are so eroded that the only thing worth your consideration is the interstate highway system. These, of course, are all lies. Yes, there is a kind of freedom in leaving your place and the people who raised you. It is the same sort of freedom shared by a leaf torn from a branch, tumbling wherever the capricious wind declares. You can watch that freedom, that liberty as defined by our wounded culture, hollow out the old hills. Watch as the windows in the homes of aging parents darken and their shingles fall, the yards grow conspicuously silent in the absence of the laughter of grandchildren. You can experience it yourself when you return for the old home days and struggle to name half-remembered faces from a lifetime ago. The millennial generation that kept every option open now lies scattered across a dozen cities, free as leaves in the wind, as the towns that raised them die alone. Yes, this is what the liberty of optionality builds. Nothing. Building requires staying, and staying is the one option it can never choose. There is an older liberty of course, the liberty known by the men and women of 1776. The cynical reader will be quick now to remark that their ancestors too had left. Yes, they left England and had crossed an ocean in ships that half-killed them, but we must mark the sort of leaving that was, the nature of it. The leaving was one-way and it was binding. They did not hop on the interstate for better prospects or better liturgy or better night life in an established coastal metropolis. The men and women who left England sold everything, boarded an unforgiving ship, and planted themselves in a brutally dark wilderness with no road back. We must be clear here: they left one home forever in order to build another one forever. This was not the same consumerist modern impulse to pick up and leave when the prospects grow thin. Indeed, by the time of the Revolution the men signing their names to the Declaration of Independence were the sons of the sons who chose to stay. They were men with specific acres and specific obligations and specific graves to tend and they were defending ground their families held for a century. In short, they were men of place. Despite this, we are quick to myopically claim that the American way is to strike out onto the dark frontier, to chase fortune in lands unknown, but the fortune two hundred and fifty years ago was a farm of which you could walk the bounds in the grey light of a single morning. Indeed, liberty in its oldest and truest sense is the freedom to root yourself, to choose the place and the land and the work and to stand behind that choice with your whole weight for the rest of your good life. Conversely, the modern man with no true obligations is not free. He is merely loose. Ask him what he would defend and he has no answer, because defense requires a threshold, and a threshold requires a home, and a home requires the one thing he has spent his whole life avoiding: the closed door, the planted flag, the decision that forecloses all others and in doing so finally means something. Ultimately, the seed carried to ground is not the leaf tumbling in the wind. The loose man will protest, of course. You have heard it first hand if you come from a small rural place. He will tell you that rootedness is a fool’s bet, that you will sink your life savings into a forever home only to watch the taxes triple, the politics grow impossibly corrupt, the economy die, the drugs ravage the masses, and the malevolent yuppie foreigner arrive. He will tell you that no place in America is stable enough to justify such profound investment. You will see this argument grow in volume as our systems are rocked by instability, as political discontent grows on both sides of the aisle. Notice however for what the loose man’s liturgy of cosmopolitanism is actually advocating: a guarantee before commitment, an iron-clad promise that the ground will never shift. No honest man can offer him this, no such system and no such standard survives contact with the blood and dirt and marrow of life. Is your councilman corrupt? Your world is malleable and your will is strong; unseat him. Is your school or your church or your gazebo on the green disappointing? Perhaps it is but waiting for you. Indeed, you have no guarantee your wife will not sicken, your children will not break your heart, your own body not bend and betray you before its time. Marriage, children, land, your very calling: every one of these a reckless concentration of risk in a single unhedgeable position. Every one a reason a life means anything at all. No heroes were ever made by hedging their bets. Note well too that the loose man is no safer than the rooted man. When the hard times arrive (and they do arrive everywhere) the man who survives them is not the stranger moving to his fifth state in a decade but is rather the man whose neighbors know his name, who has fed people from his garden, who belongs to a vast web of obligation thick enough to hold aloft the terrible weight of crumbling marble columns as the systems fail. Our deepest error, our modern culture’s deepest lie, is this: we should wait for a stable place to justify our commitment. Stability has never been the precondition of rootedness, however. It has always been the product. The good town you cannot find anywhere in America is not found. It is made by people who stayed and made it, none of whom had a guarantee of success. To look at the risks and walk away is merely asking to inherit what you refuse to build. You know this in your body, marrow-deep in your very bones if not yet in your desires or inclinations. Every one of the most binding choices in your life, the marriage, the children, the mortgage on the old place with the sagging barn, every single one of them narrowed your options and every one of them made you more free. Your apple tree will not bear fruit the year you plant it, yet you plant it all the same for children who will pick fruit from the boughs you will never see at their zenith. The act of planting the tree has not limited your freedom but it rather has exercised it completely. The man who plants for the harvest he will never reap has escaped a sort of tyranny of self. You may yet witness it this weekend still in whatever small town you watch the fireworks or the parade. The volunteer fire department grilling on the green, the old man who mows the abandoned house at the edge of town without anyone’s consent, the young fam