Outline 00:00 - Intro 08:35 - What is PID control? 12:15 - The history: Minorsky, 1922, and steering ships 21:00 - The lambda method, IMC, and analytical tuning 28:45 - Set-point weighting and two degrees of freedom 32:50 - Automatic tuning and the relay feedback problem 40:35 - The Lund school and Karl Johan Åström 50:20 - PID is nearly optimal 57:30 - PID tuning: the elephant in the room 1:01:35 - Open problems and the one-third rule 1:05:45 - Feedforward: the unsung hero 1:15:00 - PID as a building block in large-scale control 1:21:40 - Teaching, outsourcing, and lost knowledge 1:28:15 - PID in the AI age 1:32:25 - Microalgae and sustainable process control 1:40:05 - Advice for young researchers and the future of PID Links Hägglund & Guzmán, "Give us PID controllers and we can control the world": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2024.08.018 Minorsky, "Directional Stability of Automatically Steered Bodies": https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1559-3584.1922.tb04958.x Hazen, "Theory of Servo-Mechanisms": https://doi.org/10.1016/S0016-0032(34)90254-4 Ziegler & Nichols, "Optimum Settings for Automatic Controllers": https://doi.org/10.1115/1.4019264 Dahlin, "Designing and Tuning Digital Controllers" (the lambda method): https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/puublications_others/1968_Dahlin%20-%20Designing%20and%20tuning%20digital%20controllers.pdf Rivera, Morari & Skogestad, "Internal Model Control: PID Controller Design": https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/publications/1986/Rivera86/Rivera86.pdf Åström & Hägglund, "Automatic Tuning of Simple Regulators": https://cse.lab.imtlucca.it/~bemporad/teaching/controllodigitale/pdf/Astrom-ACC89.pdf Hägglund & Åström, "Industrial Adaptive Controllers Based on Frequency Response Techniques": https://doi.org/10.1016/0005-1098(91)90052-4 Åström & Hägglund, "The Future of PID Control": https://doi.org/10.1016/S0967-0661(01)00062-4 Hägglund, "A Unified Discussion on Signal Filtering in PID Control": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2013.03.012 Theorin & Hägglund, "Derivative Backoff: The Other Saturation Problem": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2015.06.008 Hägglund, mid-ranging control (2021): https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/puublications_others/apc-papers/midranging-control-vpc-hagglund-2020.pdf Guzmán & Hägglund, "Simple Tuning Rules for Feedforward Compensators": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2010.10.007 Guzmán, Hägglund, Veronesi & Visioli, "Performance Indices for Feedforward Control": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jprocont.2014.12.004 Del Hoyo, Hägglund, Guzmán & Moreno: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.conengprac.2023.105636 Pawlowski, Guzmán, Normey-Rico & Berenguel, "Improving Feedforward Disturbance Compensation in GPC": Improving feedforward disturbance compensation capabilities in Generalized Predictive Control Guzmán & Hägglund, "Feedforward Control: Analysis, Design, Tuning Rules, and Implementation": https://books.google.it/books/about/Feedforward_Control.html?id=f_C00AEACAAJ Normey-Rico & Guzmán, "Unified PID Tuning Approach for Dead-Time Processes": https://doi.org/10.3182/20120328-3-IT-3014.00006 Soltesz & Cervin, "When Is PID a Good Choice?": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.074 Grimholt, PID optimality: https://skoge.folk.ntnu.no/publications/thesis/2018_grimholt/phd-thesis-grimholt-2018.pdf Hägglund & Guzmán, "Development of Basic Process Control Structures": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ifacol.2018.06.202 Skogestad, "Advanced Control Using Decomposition and Simple Elements": https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcontrol.2023.100903 Guzmán, Hägglund et al., "Understanding PID Design Through Interactive Tools": https://doi.org/10.3182/20140824-6-ZA-1003.01328 ISA-TR5.9-2023, "Proportional-Integral-Derivative Control Algorithms and Performance": https://www.isa.org/products/isa-tr5-9-2023-proportional-integral-derivative-pi Vilanova & Visioli, "PID Control in the Third Millennium": https://books.google.it/books/about/PID_Controllers.html?id=FsyhngEACAAJ Brian Douglas — control engineering education videos: https://engineeringmedia.com/videos Support the show Podcast info Podcast website: https://www.incontrolpodcast.com/ Apple Podcasts: https://tinyurl.com/5n84j85j Spotify: https://tinyurl.com/4rwztj3c RSS: https://tinyurl.com/yc2fcv4y Youtube: https://tinyurl.com/bdbvhsj6 Facebook: https://tinyurl.com/3z24yr43 Twitter: https://twitter.com/IncontrolP Instagram: https://tinyurl.com/35cu4kr4 Acknowledgments and sponsors This episode was supported by the National Centre of Competence in Research on «Dependable, ubiquitous automation» and the IFAC Activity fund. The podcast benefits from the help of an incredibly talented and passionate team. Special thanks to L. Seward, E. Cahard, F. Banis, F. Dörfler, J. Lygeros, ETH studio and mirrorlake . Music was composed by A New Element.