Nintendo - Audio Biography

Nintendo: A History of Innovation and Entertainment From a humble playing card company to a pioneering video game giant, Nintendo has captivated audiences worldwide for over 130 years through its history of creative innovation and iconic characters. Based in Kyoto, Japan, Nintendo has evolved from a small family business into one of the most recognizable brands in the entertainment industry. Origins and Early Years Nintendo's story begins in 1889 when craftsman Fusajiro Yamauchi opened a small shop in Kyoto producing handmade hanafuda playing cards. High-quality cards became popular, establishing Yamauchi Nintendo as a successful card company. In 1929, Yamauchi retired and his son-in-law Sekiryo Kaneda took over the fledgling business. Kaneda built a new headquarters and focused on mass-producing cards, propelling Nintendo forward despite the Great Depression. Hiroshi Yamauchi inherited the company from his grandfather in 1949, when he was just 22. An astute businessman, Yamauchi spearheaded Nintendo’s expansion into new product lines like board games and plastic playing cards. He also took the company public in 1962 to access capital for growth. Yamauchi proved critical in positioning Nintendo for the transition to electronic entertainment. Transition to Electronics and Toys In the 1970s, Nintendo began experimenting with electronic toys and games built through partnerships, including mini-beam gun games and racing simulators. The successes of products like the Ultra Hand, a grabbing device, and Love Tester machine established Nintendo’s ability to craft entertaining electronics. In 1974, Nintendo completed its first independent video game, the primitive EVR Race. The following year, Yamauchi’s daughter married Shigeru Miyamoto, an artist and future key developer at Nintendo. In 1977, the Color TV-Game 6 home console launched with versions of classics like Pong, cementing Nintendo’s shift into video games. Despite the 1977 Video Game Crash that bankrupted competitors, Nintendo persevered with well-designed products like the Game & Watch, a hit line of LCD handhelds conceived by engineer Gunpei Yokoi that combined portability, simplicity and engaging gameplay. The Famicom/NES Revolution Nintendo’s prospects radically changed behind a revolutionary home console created by Masayuki Uemura and Yokoi, the Family Computer, or Famicom. Released in Japan in 1983 with standout titles like Donkey Kong and Mario Bros., the Famicom became a sensation. In 1985, Nintendo unveiled the redesigned Famicom for Western audiences as the Nintendo Entertainment System (NES), which came bundled with Super Mario Bros. Propelled by alluring characters like Mario and Link and supported by new game design standards set by Miyamoto, the NES became a cultural phenomenon in the 1980s and turned Nintendo into a household name. The NES dominated the industry, selling over 60 million units through massively popular titles like Super Mario Bros. 3, The Legend of Zelda and Mega Man. Nintendo also shook up business practices by introducing strict licensing and inventory control that prevented an overload of shovelware titles plaguing competitors. Their savvy distribution tactics and family-friendly image made Nintendo synonymous with video games during the 8-bit era. Competitive Years and Further Innovation On the wings of NES success, Nintendo launched the innovative handheld Game Boy in 1989, once again revolutionizing portable play through Tetris and Pokémon. The Super Nintendo Entertainment System (Super NES) then defeated the rival Sega Genesis console in the early 90s market share race, selling over 50 million units behind legendary 16-bit games like Super Mario World, The Legend of Zelda: A Link to the Past, Super Metroid and Donkey Kong Country. However, the mid-90s brought new challenges with the leap into 3D gaming and the arrival of PlayStation. Nintendo struggled with the cartridge-based Nintendo 64, before rebounding st