Paper Talk

淼淼Elva

Sharing research articles, tracking the latest developments

  1. 5 HR AGO

    345-Histamine Signaling Gates Fat Preference in the PVT

    This article investigates the neural mechanisms underlying specific food preferences, focusing on high-fat diets (HFD) and high-sugar diets (HSD). The research identifies two distinct populations of neurons in the paraventricular thalamus (PVT) that selectively mediate the intake of HFD or HSD, respectively. Crucially, the study identifies the histamine H3 receptor (H3R) as a defining molecular marker for the PVT neurons that regulate fat consumption, particularly in response to orosensory cues like food texture. Functional experiments demonstrate that the H3R-G12/13 signaling axis specifically regulates the excitability of PVT HFD neurons, suggesting a potential therapeutic target for the precise management of fat consumption and obesity.References: Zheng Y, Liao J, Fang Z, et al. Biased histamine signaling selectively gates fat preference[J]. Neuron, 2025.

    12 min

  2. 22 HR AGO

    344-ApoE Variants Protect Neurons by Oxidized Lipid Efflux

    This article presents research demonstrating that protective Apolipoprotein E (ApoE) variants, specifically ApoE2 and ApoE3 Christchurch, support neuronal health by actively effluxing oxidized phospholipids from neurons, a process mediated by the ABCA7 transporter. This mechanism reduces the toxic burden of oxidized lipids, thereby rescuing lysosomal function and protecting neurons from a form of programmed cell death called ferroptosis. Conversely, the Alzheimer's disease risk factor ApoE4 exacerbates the accumulation of these toxic lipids, leading to lysosomal dysfunction and impaired neuronal activity in hippocampal tissue, effects that can be restored by the protective ApoE particles. The study provides detailed lipidomic and functional evidence showing how the protective isoforms mitigate neurodegeneration-associated lipid toxicity.References: Ralhan I, Do A D, Bae J Y, et al. Protective ApoE variants support neuronal function by effluxing oxidized phospholipids[J]. Neuron, 2025.

    16 min

  3. 1 DAY AGO

    343-Sympathetic functional units encoding

    The paper details an article and associated research focusing on the molecular and functional diversity of sympathetic postganglionic neurons within the celiac-superior mesenteric ganglia (CG-SMG) complex. Through single-cell transcriptomics and functional assays like chemogenetics and optogenetics, the study identifies two genetically distinct subpopulations of CG-SMG neurons: Calb2-positive neurons and Nxph4-positive neurons. The research establishes that these distinct genetic identities correlate with specific anatomical projections and physiological roles, with Calb2-positive neurons acting as sympathetic visceromotor units regulating gut motility, and Nxph4-positive neurons functioning as visceral vasoconstrictor units controlling organ blood flow. This work suggests the sympathetic nervous system employs a labeled line logic for precise control of visceral organ physiology, challenging older views of sympathetic action as monolithic.References: Wei Y, Ma Z, Zhang B, et al. Sympathetic functional units encoded by genetically defined postganglionic neurons[J]. Neuron, 2025.

    18 min

  4. 1 DAY AGO

    342-Brain Fluid Dynamics

    The paper focuses on the dynamics of fluid transport and immunity within the central nervous system (CNS). Authored by a large, collaborative group of international experts, the article synthesizes recent advancements in understanding the glymphatic system, the brain's waste clearance mechanism, and the role of meningeal lymphatic vessels in connecting the brain to the peripheral immune system. Key areas of discussion include the anatomical pathways of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) flow, the importance of physiological factors like sleep and vascular pulsation in driving clearance, and the complex neuroimmune interactions occurring at the brain borders. The review also addresses ongoing scientific debates, contrasts findings between rodent models and human studies, and highlights emerging noninvasive imaging strategies for assessing fluid dynamics in clinical settings.References: Kipnis J, Benveniste H, Eichmann A, et al. Resolving the mysteries of brain clearance and immune surveillance[J]. Neuron, 2025.

    16 min

  5. 2 DAYS AGO

    341-Cystine and GPX4 Drive ILC2 Pathogenicity

    The article focuses on the metabolic vulnerabilities of immune cells involved in allergic airway diseases like asthma. The study investigates how allergen-induced Innate Lymphoid Cells (ILC2s) and T helper type 2 (Th2) cells adapt their metabolism to survive in inflammatory environments. A central finding is that these pathogenic cells rely on cystine-driven glutathione (GSH) synthesis to activate antioxidant systems, specifically GPX4 and TXNRD1, which confer resistance to a type of cell death called ferroptosis by counteracting toxic lipid peroxidation. This redox balance is essential for the cells to acquire and utilize lipids for expansion and function. Ultimately, the research proposes that targeting this metabolic vulnerability, particularly the TXNRD1 system, may be an effective therapeutic strategy to restrain chronic airway inflammation.References: Wientjens C, Doverman M, Zurkovic J, et al. Tolerance to ferroptosis facilitates lipid metabolism and pathogenic type 2 immunity in allergic airway inflammation[J]. Immunity, 2025.

    14 min

  6. 2 DAYS AGO

    340-Hepcidin-Iron Axis Impairs Antiviral Immunity

    The article details a study on the pathogenesis of systemic rotavirus (RV) infection and biliary atresia (BA) in neonates, highlighting a critical role for the hepcidin-iron axis. The authors, Xu et al., explain that RV infection triggers persistent Type I Interferon (IFN-I) signaling, which upregulates hepcidin in liver macrophages (specifically TREM2+ macrophages) and hepatocytes. This dysregulation impairs iron export, leading to systemic iron overload and subsequent ferroptosis-mediated tissue damage in the liver and intestines. Critically, the study demonstrates that folic acid (FA) supplementation targets this pathway, mitigating liver injury in RV-infected mice and showing promising clinical results—including reduced cholangitis and lower liver transplantation rates—in a clinical trial involving infants with BA.References: Xu Y, Chen X, Fang R, et al. A dysregulated hepcidin-iron axis impairs antiviral immunity and induces lethal liver pathology in neonates[J]. Immunity, 2025.

    16 min

  7. 3 DAYS AGO

    339-Persistent Tfh Cells Drive HIV Vaccine Responses

    This article investigates the characteristics and longevity of germinal center T follicular helper (GC-Tfh) cells in non-human primates immunized with an HIV Env protein vaccine. The authors show that an escalating-dose (ED) immunization regimen elicited stronger and more durable GC-Tfh cell responses, which significantly correlated with higher-quality neutralizing antibody titers. Using single-cell RNA sequencing, the study identifies several functionally distinct GC-Tfh subsets, such as IL-4hi and IL-21hi cells, and demonstrates that antigen-specific Tfh clones can persist for over six months without showing signs of exhaustion. Furthermore, the findings reveal that Tfh clones exhibit clonal migration between distal lymph nodes, highlighting a dynamic and widespread immune response critical for sustained humoral immunity.References: Marina-Zárate E, Sutton H J, Lopez P G, et al. Highly functional and prolonged germinal center T follicular helper cell responses are associated with enhanced neutralizing antibody development[J]. Immunity, 2025.

    14 min

  8. 3 DAYS AGO

    338-NFATc1 Constrains Bystander Activation of CD8+ T Cells

    This article examines the molecular regulation of bystander activation in human memory CD8+ T cells that is induced by Interleukin-15 (IL-15). The authors, Lee et al., found that while IL-15 causes these T cells to exhibit NK-like cytotoxicity and elevated expression of markers like NKG2D, concurrent T cell receptor (TCR) signaling suppresses these specific "bystander" features. Mechanistically, this suppression is shown to rely on the Ca²⁺-calcineurin signaling pathway, which activates NFATc1, leading to NFATc1 binding to AP-1 and subsequently limiting the expression of NK-like genes. The study successfully defines an IL-15-specific gene set that characterizes this bystander activation, validating it in memory CD8+ T cells from patients with acute Hepatitis A Virus infection.References: Lee H, Kim S Y, Kim S H, et al. TCR signaling via NFATc1 constrains IL-15-induced bystander activation of human memory CD8+ T cells[J]. Immunity, 2025.

    18 min
See All (332)

About

Sharing research articles, tracking the latest developments

Information

  • Creator
    淼淼Elva
  • Years Active
    2K
  • Episodes
    332
  • Rating
    Clean
  • Copyright
    © 淼淼Elva@小宇宙App
  • Show Website
    Paper Talk

You Might Also Like