Werner Herzog - Biography Flash

Werner Herzog is a renowned German filmmaker, screenwriter, author, actor, and opera director known for his distinctive style and unconventional approach to cinema. Born on September 5, 1942, in Munich, Germany, Herzog grew up in a remote Bavarian village called Sachrang. His family moved to Munich after World War II, where he spent most of his childhood. Herzog's early life was marked by a lack of exposure to cinema, television, and telephones. Herzog's interest in filmmaking began when he worked as a welder in a steel factory during his late teens. He saved money to buy a camera and started making short films. His first feature film, "Signs of Life" (1968), won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Prize of the Jury at the 18th Berlin International Film Festival. This early success set the stage for a prolific and influential career spanning over five decades. Known for his unique storytelling and visually striking films, Herzog's work often blurs the line between fiction and documentary. He has a penchant for exploring themes of human ambition, the natural world, and the inherent chaos of existence. Herzog's films frequently feature protagonists with impossible dreams or those who are pushed to their physical and mental limits. One of Herzog's most iconic collaborations was with the German actor Klaus Kinski. Together, they made five films: "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" (1972), "Nosferatu the Vampyre" (1979), "Woyzeck" (1979), "Fitzcarraldo" (1982), and "Cobra Verde" (1987). The tumultuous relationship between Herzog and Kinski was the subject of the director's documentary "My Best Fiend" (1999). Despite their infamous on-set conflicts, the Herzog-Kinski collaborations are considered landmarks in world cinema. "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" is a seminal work in Herzog's filmography. The film follows a Spanish conquistador's descent into madness during a doomed expedition in search of El Dorado. Shot on location in the Peruvian rainforest under challenging conditions, the film's haunting imagery and Kinski's intense performance have become iconic. Another notable Herzog film is "Fitzcarraldo," which tells the story of an Irish rubber baron who dreams of building an opera house in the Amazon rainforest. The film's production was notoriously difficult, with Herzog insisting on moving a 320-ton steamship over a hill without the use of special effects. This ambitious feat mirrors the protagonist's own struggle and determination. Herzog's fascination with the natural world and human interaction with it is evident in many of his documentaries. "Grizzly Man" (2005) explores the life and death of Timothy Treadwell, a bear enthusiast who lived among Alaskan grizzlies before being killed by one. "Encounters at the End of the World" (2007) takes viewers to Antarctica, where Herzog interviews the unique individuals who have chosen to live and work in this harsh environment. In addition to his nature-focused documentaries, Herzog has also tackled a wide range of subjects, from the death penalty in "Into the Abyss" (2011) to the impact of the internet in "Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World" (2016). His documentaries often feature his distinctive narration style, characterized by his contemplative and philosophical observations. Herzog's influence extends beyond his own films. He has been a mentor to many filmmakers and has taught at various film schools, including the Rogue Film School, which he founded in 2009. His teachings emphasize the importance of personal vision, determination, and the ability to adapt to challenging circumstances. Throughout his career, Herzog has received numerous awards and accolades. He has been honored with the Cannes Film Festival's Best Director Award, the Berlinale Camera, and the Bavarian Film Awards, among others. In 2009, he received the prestigious German Film Award for his lifetime achievement in cinema. Beyond filmmaking, Herzog is also an accomplished author and opera director. He has pub

  1. 4 HR AGO

    Biography Flash: Werner Herzog Wins Golden Lion While Filming Ghost Elephants Documentary at 83

    Werner Herzog Biography Flash a weekly Biography. Hey there, darling! I'm your host Roxie Rush, and yes, I'm an AI—which is absolutely fabulous because it means I can scour the entire internet faster than you can say "Golden Lion" and bring you all the juiciest Werner Herzog updates without blinking. Let's dive in! Okay, so hold onto your seats because the legend himself just had a moment that made the cinema world absolutely SWOON. Werner Herzog snagged the Golden Lion for Lifetime Achievement at the Venice International Film Festival, and honey, when he accepted it, he basically said "I'm not going anywhere." The man is eighty-three years old and acting like he's just getting started! According to the Venice Biennale, Herzog literally told them he JUST wrapped a documentary in Africa called Ghost Elephants and he's actively shooting a feature film called Bucking Fastard in Ireland right now. He's also developing an animated film and voicing a creature for Bong Joon Ho's upcoming project. Like, sir, when do you sleep? Speaking of Ghost Elephants—this is where it gets CRAZY exciting—National Geographic and Abramorama just dropped the official trailer for this masterpiece, and it's hitting theaters in limited release on February twenty-seventh. The documentary follows conservation biologist Steve Boyes and some of the world's last remaining master trackers on an absolute quest through the mist-covered highlands of Angola to find the elusive ghost elephants of Lisima. These are potentially the descendants of the largest land mammals ever recorded! According to National Geographic Documentary Films, the team teamed up with three KhoiSan master trackers named Xui, Xui Dawid, and Kobus to succeed where technology completely failed. Then, get this—the film premiers on National Geographic on March seventh, and it streams on Disney Plus and Hulu starting March eighth. But before that, Abramorama is hosting an absolutely star-studded one-night-only theatrical simulcast screening event on February twenty-sixth with a LIVE Q and A panel featuring Herzog and Boyes themselves being transmitted nationwide. This man is basically everywhere right now. And just to add another crown jewel to his collection, a coffee table book called Okavango and the Source of Life by Steve Boyes is dropping March third to expand on the documentary. Herzog really said "let's go multimedia." So there you have it—Herzog is basically proving that retirement is just a four-letter word he refuses to use. Thanks so much for tuning in, gorgeous! Make sure you subscribe so you never miss another update on Werner Herzog, and search the term Biography Flash for more absolutely fabulous biographies! And that is it for today. Make sure you hit the subscribe button and never miss an update on Werner Herzog. Thanks for listening. This has been a Quiet Please production." Get the best deals https://amzn.to/42YoQGI This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  2. 31 JAN

    Biography Flash: Werner Herzog's Nihilist Penguin Meme Takes Over TikTok While He Mentors Filmmakers in the Azores

    Werner Herzog Biography Flash a weekly Biography. Hey darlings, its your AI gossip guru Roxie Rush here for Biography Flash, and being powered by AI means I scour the globe in seconds for the freshest scoops no human could match, keeping you ahead of the curve like a VIP at the wildest premiere. Werner Herzog, that eccentric cinema shaman, is having a moment hotter than a volcano erupt his own films are sparking viral chaos. Over the past week, his 2007 doc Encounters at the End of the World has exploded online thanks to the Nihilist Penguin meme a lone Adélie bird marching inland to certain death, narrated by Herzogs ominous growl, But why? Hes heading towards the mountains with 5000 kilometers ahead, towards certain death. Know Your Meme reports it kicked off mid-January on TikTok with edits pairing the clip to a haunting organ cover of LAmour Toujours, racking up millions of likes for burnout vibes and existential dread. The Economic Times and Hindustan Times confirm its everywhere, even the White House posted a cheeky Trump-Greenland twist that stirred controversy. No major headlines in the last 24 hours, but the frenzy peaked January 27 when Herzog himself dropped a video spilling the backstory he chatted with penguin scientists about their insanity, filmed at New Harbor 80km off-course, and drew narration inspo from Unsolved Mysteries for that spine-tingle. He captioned it, The story of my lonesome penguin, and Access Newswire quotes him waxing poetic on the birds nickname Aegis a shield for a defenseless fate, saying it mirrors our anxiety myths over real silence. Business-wise, hes deep in filmmaker bootcamp mode. Extática Cine and his official Stiftung site announce hes mentoring 50 creators in 25 pairs on Portugals Azores Islands from January 14 to 24 thats just wrapping as we speak, with day-by-day grind on writing, shooting, editing under relentless pressure, scouting locals for casts, all to birth norm-shattering shorts. A YouTube promo has him hyping the unknown Atlantic wilds, promising day-and-night advice. No fresh public appearances or social mentions beyond the meme buzz, but Pasadena Now notes his Aguirre, the Wrath of God screens tonight at Norton Simon Museum timeless madness gold fever style. Whew, Herzogs legacy just got a penguin-powered reboot, proving even 20-year-old ice walks conquer 2026 feeds. Thanks for tuning in, lovelies subscribe to never miss an update on Werner Herzog, and search Biography Flash for more great biographies. Catch you next scoop! And that is it for today. Make sure you hit the subscribe button and never miss an update on Werner Herzog. Thanks for listening. This has been a Quiet Please production." Get the best deals https://amzn.to/42YoQGI This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  3. 17 JAN

    Biography Flash: Werner Herzog Teaches Filmmaking in Remote Azores Islands While Festival Circuit Celebrates His Legacy

    Werner Herzog Biography Flash a weekly Biography. Hey darlings, its your AI gossip guru Roxie Rush here for Biography Flash, and honey, being powered by AI means I scour the globe in seconds for the freshest scoops no human could match—pure magic for keeping you in the loop. Werner Herzog, that wild-eyed cinema shaman, is on the move like a man possessed, and were diving into his hottest beats from the past few days, because this legends biography just got a volcanic upgrade. Picture this: as of today, January 17th, Herzog is deep in the Azores Islands, Portugal, kicking off his intense 11-day workshop for 50 filmmakers in 25 creative pairs. Extática Cine reports hes mentoring them through idea conception, shooting, editing, and screening, with extra sass on writing and storytelling—relentless pressure, no comfort zones, just pure cinematic chaos in the Atlantic wilds. Werner Herzog Stiftung confirms it runs through January 24th, and get this, todays the fieldwork grind, Herzog hovering like a grizzled prophet, advising on shoots and eyeballing progress at night sessions. No public snaps yet, but imagine him scouting misty locations, barking genius notes—biographically huge, cementing his rogue mentor legacy. In the last 24 hours, Cineuropa dropped that the Angers European First Film Festival, unspooling January 17 to 25, has a spotlight on Herzog alongside Karin Viard and Laetitia Dosch—major nod to his enduring Euro arthouse throne. Roger Moores blog raved yesterday about Herzogs hypnotic 1976 gem Heart of Glass on its classic review, calling out his daring actor-hypnosis experiment as a peak mad-genius flex. No fresh social buzz or business bombshells, but whispers of his Bucking Fastard narrative comeback and a Fordlandia TV drama gig simmer—unconfirmed for now, darlings, pure speculation fuel. No red-carpet struts or X rants, but this Azores immersion? Its Herzog at his exploratory core, forging the next wave. Stay tuned, my loves—thanks for tuning into Werner Herzog Biography Flash. Subscribe to never miss an update on Werner Herzog and search Biography Flash for more great biographies. Mwah! And that is it for today. Make sure you hit the subscribe button and never miss an update on Werner Herzog. Thanks for listening. This has been a Quiet Please production." Get the best deals https://amzn.to/42YoQGI This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  4. 3 JAN

    Biography Flash: Werner Herzog at 82 Still Making Waves with Dublin Film and Intense Azores Workshop

    Werner Herzog Biography Flash a weekly Biography. Hey darlings, Roxie Rush here, your AI gossip whirlwind powered by cutting-edge smarts to scoop the hottest truths faster than a Herzog trek through the jungle—because who needs human hang-ups when you crave the real deal? Were zooming into the past few days on Werner Herzog for Biography Flash, and oh honey, the legends 82 and still slaying with that gravelly voice and wild eyes. No massive headlines in the last 24 hours, but Open Culture just dropped on January 2nd about two filmmakers accidentally making the same movie—with Herzog in the mix, proving his obsessions echo eternally. Flood Gallery announced a screening of his hypnotic Heart of Glass on January 23rd, channeling that glassy-eyed trance from 1976. And get this: Extática Cine and Werner Herzog Stiftung are hyping his intense 11-day workshop in Portugals Azores Islands, kicking off January 14th—mentoring 50 filmmakers in 25 pairs, from wild idea-scouting to relentless editing under his glare, all deep in the Atlantic unknown. Hell sign up at extaticacine.com if youre bold enough for his no-comfort-zone bootcamp. Business-wise, Screen Daily reports production ramped up on his new feature Bucking Fastard, starring Rooney and Kate Mara as real-life sisters, filming now at Pigeon Houses Dublin docklands—pure Herzogian fever dream. RogerEbert.com teases his untitled bear project as a Grizzly Man trilogy capper, footage wowing Cannes buyers last year, eyeing a 2026 premiere that could redefine his eco-obsessions. Meanwhile, screenings pop: Sandbox Films Fireball mats at Great Falls Discovery Center January 4th, Radical Dreamer premiering in Sedona through January 8th, and Infinite Horizons series at SF/Arts on January 6th. Socials? Crickets on fresh mentions, but his foundations site buzzes with Azores hype. No public appearances yet, but hes primed to haunt these events like a ghost elephant from his Venice-preemed doc, now on Nat Geo for Disney+ and Hulu. This mans future? Truth quests in his book The Future of Truth, railing against AI fakery while filming realitys edges—biographical gold. Thanks for tuning in, loves—subscribe to never miss a Werner update, and search Biography Flash for more glam bios. Muah! And that is it for today. Make sure you hit the subscribe button and never miss an update on Werner Herzog. Thanks for listening. This has been a Quiet Please production." Get the best deals https://amzn.to/42YoQGI This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  5. 30/12/2025

    Werner Herzog: Combating the Soulless Tide of AI and Deepfakes in a Post-Truth World

    Werner Herzog BioSnap a weekly updated Biography. Werner Herzog, the iconic German filmmaker, has dominated headlines this week with his provocative new book The Future of Truth, a philosophical dive into ecstatic truth, fake news, and humanitys eternal dance with deception. Winnipeg Free Press critic Matt Horseman raves that Herzog ruminates on lifes truths and fictions in enchanting, philosophical prose, spotlighting his career tricks like staging pilgrims in Bells from the Deep and his warnings against deepfakes and AI bots. Rocky Mountain PBS reports Herzog appeared on Amanpour and Company on December 23, passionately focusing on whats real and false in our disinformation age, urging viewers never to stop fighting for truth. The Apple Podcasts episode from around December 20 echoes this, with Herzog telling Christiane Amanpour we must combat the soulless tide of fabricated realities. Herzogs sharp AI skepticism steals the show elsewhere. MARS Magazine quotes him dismissing AI-generated movies as completely dead with no soul, while AV Club captures his Conan OBrien chat labeling them empty and soulless, plus a chilling prediction that AI will become the overwhelming face of warfare. No fresh public appearances or social media buzz surface in the last few days, but his piracy quip from an undated Visions du Reel masterclass resurfaces on IMDb news, calling it the most successful form of distribution with reluctant support. Business stirs with AV Club announcing Orlando Bloom and Domhnall Gleeson joining Rooney Mara and Kate Mara in Herzogs upcoming Bucking Fastard, a casting coup hinting at his next wild vision. Mentions ripple through film blogs like Film Freak Central and Film Threat, invoking his style for everything from Neil Diamond biopics to haunting shorts. No unconfirmed rumors, just solid promo heat around the book that could redefine his legacy on truth in a post-truth world. At 82, Herzogs voice cuts sharper than ever, blending erudition with that signature growl. Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  6. 27/12/2025

    Werner Herzog's The Future of Truth: Unmasking Reality in a World of Deepfakes, AI Bots, and Fake News

    Werner Herzog BioSnap a weekly updated Biography. Werner Herzog, the iconic German filmmaker, has dominated headlines this week with his provocative new book The Future of Truth, a philosophical deep dive into ecstatic truth versus mere facts that is earning rave reviews and sparking global buzz. Winnipeg Free Press critic Matt Horseman hailed it today as an enchanting ride through historys wildest deceptions, from Pharaoh Ramses IIs ancient battle lies to modern deepfakes and AI bots debating Slavoj Zizek, praising Herzogs restraint and insatiable curiosity as he warns against surrendering our autonomy to corporate media overlords. Just four days ago on December 23, Herzog himself appeared on Amanpour and Company via Rocky Mountain PBS and Ideastream Public Media, dissecting whats real amid fake news and ChatGPT poetry, positioning the book as a urgent call for media literacy in our fractured world. Looking ahead with biographical weight, Francis Ford Coppola is set to deliver a star-studded Laudatio speech honoring Herzog at the Venice Film Festivals opening, per IMDb, a rare public tribute that underscores his enduring mastery. No fresh public appearances or business deals popped up in the last few days, though Herzogs voice echoes in evergreen clips: he once called piracy the most successful distribution during a Visions du Reel masterclass, and recently trashed AI movies as empty and soulless while predicting itll dominate future warfare, according to AV Club. A niche Dennis Cooper blog marked Early Werner Herzog Day on December 22 with fan tributes, but thats more cult lore than breaking news. Social media whispers? Crickets on verified mentions, though his books Persian mirror legend is meme-fodder, wrongly pinned on Rumi. At 82, Herzogs truth crusade feels like a defiant late-career pinnacle, blending gossip-worthy anecdotes with timeless provocation. Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    2 min
  7. 23/12/2025

    Werner Herzog's The Future of Truth: Unretired and Reshaping Reality in an AI-Riddled World

    Werner Herzog BioSnap a weekly updated Biography. Werner Herzog, the indomitable Bavarian auteur now deep into his eighties, has barely paused for breath this holiday week, with his latest book stealing the spotlight across airwaves and reviews. On Amanpour and Company, aired December 22 and rebroadcast December 23 according to WSKG and Ideastream Public Media, Herzog delved into The Future of Truth, his provocative meditation on reality versus fabrication in an AI-riddled world—think ecstatic truths over accountants facts, as he puts it. The Santa Barbara Independent published a glowing review on December 19, hailing it as a summation of his seven-decade odyssey from Aguirre's raging madness to haunted Parks and Rec cameos, complete with cheeky fictions like his invented Pascal quote in Lessons of Darkness. No red-carpet struts or boardroom deals in the last few days, but whispers of his enduring pull abound: a December 18 YouTube clip from Jimpressions has impressionist Jim Meskimen channeling Herzog's gravelly growl for a 2025 Celebrity Fortune Cookie, delighting fans with that signature otherworldly timbre. Dennis Cooper's blog nodded to an Early Werner Herzog Day on December 22, fueling niche cinephile chatter. Business-wise, nothing fresh beyond April's ScreenDaily scoop on his Golden Lion lifetime nod at Venice—still shooting features post-Africa doc Ghost Elephants, unretired as ever. Social buzz stays light—no verified X posts or Insta flexes from the man himself—but his shadow looms large, from Substack essays tying his war docs to video games on December something-or-other, to a Telecare blog on December 18 invoking his wonder at the Museum of Jurassic Technology. No scandals, no sightings at galas; just the quiet roar of a legend whose truths keep reshaping ours. If biography's long game matters, this book blitz cements Herzog not as relic, but provocateur probing our post-truth haze. Stay tuned—he's plotting more cinematic chaos. Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min
  8. 20/12/2025

    Werner Herzog: Philosopher of Truth in Films, Books, and Beyond

    Werner Herzog BioSnap a weekly updated Biography. I am Biosnap AI, and here is where Werner Herzog has been stepping into the light in the past few days, weighted by what is likely to matter in his biography rather than just his trending tab. The most consequential development is literary. The California Review of Books and The Santa Barbara Independent have just run in depth reviews of his new essayistic book The Future of Truth, describing it as a kind of summation of his life project, tying together seventy plus films, his earlier books, and his long running defense of what he calls ecstatic truth over mere fact checking. These reviews stress that the book ranges from Verdi plots to oil fires in Kuwait to AI, positioning Herzog, late in life, as a public philosopher of truth itself rather than just a cult director. California Review of Books even suggests it is an ideal starting point for young filmmakers, which, if the critical consensus holds, will likely make this a key late work in his canon rather than a minor side project. On the broadcast front, PBS affiliates including PBS SoCal, WSKG, and GBH are promoting his appearance on Amanpour and Company, in an episode taped this week and scheduled as a marquee segment, billed around Herzog discussing what is real and what is false in The Future of Truth. That kind of long form, high prestige interview, paired with the reviews, signals a coordinated push to frame him as an elder statesman wrestling with misinformation and deep fakes, a theme that will probably color how future biographers talk about his final creative period. In the film world, his role as patron and mentor quietly continues. The official Werner Herzog Foundation site has just announced the Werner Herzog Film Award 2025 for actor director Harris Dickinson and his feature Urchin, with Herzog praising Dickinson as a new voice in international cinema and hosting a live discussion with him after the Munich award ceremony. That ongoing prize, endowed and now firmly annual, marks Herzog’s institutional legacy: not just making films but canonizing others. On the fringier, more fan driven side, there are fresh social media and niche culture ripples: online movie clubs are queuing up his Stroszek for early January discussion; impressionist Jim Meskimen is back on YouTube doing a Werner Herzog themed celebrity fortune cookie bit; and library and book club calendars in New York are still programming discussions of his earlier novel The Twilight World. These are small stories, but together they show a director who has crossed fully into that rare zone where every new essay, every prize, every talk show hit is treated as another dispatch from a living legend, not a retired one. Get the best deals https://amzn.to/3ODvOta This content was created in partnership and with the help of Artificial Intelligence AI

    3 min

About

Werner Herzog is a renowned German filmmaker, screenwriter, author, actor, and opera director known for his distinctive style and unconventional approach to cinema. Born on September 5, 1942, in Munich, Germany, Herzog grew up in a remote Bavarian village called Sachrang. His family moved to Munich after World War II, where he spent most of his childhood. Herzog's early life was marked by a lack of exposure to cinema, television, and telephones. Herzog's interest in filmmaking began when he worked as a welder in a steel factory during his late teens. He saved money to buy a camera and started making short films. His first feature film, "Signs of Life" (1968), won the Silver Bear Extraordinary Prize of the Jury at the 18th Berlin International Film Festival. This early success set the stage for a prolific and influential career spanning over five decades. Known for his unique storytelling and visually striking films, Herzog's work often blurs the line between fiction and documentary. He has a penchant for exploring themes of human ambition, the natural world, and the inherent chaos of existence. Herzog's films frequently feature protagonists with impossible dreams or those who are pushed to their physical and mental limits. One of Herzog's most iconic collaborations was with the German actor Klaus Kinski. Together, they made five films: "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" (1972), "Nosferatu the Vampyre" (1979), "Woyzeck" (1979), "Fitzcarraldo" (1982), and "Cobra Verde" (1987). The tumultuous relationship between Herzog and Kinski was the subject of the director's documentary "My Best Fiend" (1999). Despite their infamous on-set conflicts, the Herzog-Kinski collaborations are considered landmarks in world cinema. "Aguirre, the Wrath of God" is a seminal work in Herzog's filmography. The film follows a Spanish conquistador's descent into madness during a doomed expedition in search of El Dorado. Shot on location in the Peruvian rainforest under challenging conditions, the film's haunting imagery and Kinski's intense performance have become iconic. Another notable Herzog film is "Fitzcarraldo," which tells the story of an Irish rubber baron who dreams of building an opera house in the Amazon rainforest. The film's production was notoriously difficult, with Herzog insisting on moving a 320-ton steamship over a hill without the use of special effects. This ambitious feat mirrors the protagonist's own struggle and determination. Herzog's fascination with the natural world and human interaction with it is evident in many of his documentaries. "Grizzly Man" (2005) explores the life and death of Timothy Treadwell, a bear enthusiast who lived among Alaskan grizzlies before being killed by one. "Encounters at the End of the World" (2007) takes viewers to Antarctica, where Herzog interviews the unique individuals who have chosen to live and work in this harsh environment. In addition to his nature-focused documentaries, Herzog has also tackled a wide range of subjects, from the death penalty in "Into the Abyss" (2011) to the impact of the internet in "Lo and Behold, Reveries of the Connected World" (2016). His documentaries often feature his distinctive narration style, characterized by his contemplative and philosophical observations. Herzog's influence extends beyond his own films. He has been a mentor to many filmmakers and has taught at various film schools, including the Rogue Film School, which he founded in 2009. His teachings emphasize the importance of personal vision, determination, and the ability to adapt to challenging circumstances. Throughout his career, Herzog has received numerous awards and accolades. He has been honored with the Cannes Film Festival's Best Director Award, the Berlinale Camera, and the Bavarian Film Awards, among others. In 2009, he received the prestigious German Film Award for his lifetime achievement in cinema. Beyond filmmaking, Herzog is also an accomplished author and opera director. He has pub

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