The Old World with Will Tanner

Will Tanner
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Life Before Liberalism

  1. hace 1 día

    From "Granny Lee" to Savior of Richmond: How Robert E Lee Almost Won the War after a Year of Disappointment

    This is the story of how Robert E. Lee came to command the Army of Northern Virginia, and then used it to save Richmond while almost crushing McClellan in the Seven Days Battles. It is a story of early war debacles and embarrassments, prudent decision-making behind the scenes that led to Confederate successes, and then immense risk-taking and courage in the face of seemingly certain defeat. It is a tale of Stuart's dashing ride around McClellan, the near-total victory in the Seven Days Battles. The Seven Days Battles began on June 26 with Mechanicsville, where A.P. Hill attacked too early and was repulsed. Jackson's delayed arrival later forced Porter to withdraw to Gaines' Mill, where Lee concentrated his forces and won a major victory on June 27. McClellan then abandoned his siege and began retreating toward the James River. Lee pursued, but repeated delays and confusion prevented complete destruction of the Union army at Savage's Station, Glendale, and White Oak Swamp. On July 1 at Malvern Hill, Confederate attacks were shattered by strong Union artillery and naval gunfire. The Union army withdrew again on July 2, ending the Peninsula Campaign and leaving Richmond secure. The campaign cost heavy casualties on both sides, but Lee's army and reputation were transformed. He had driven McClellan away from Richmond, gained the confidence of his soldiers and the Confederate government, and established the Army of Northern Virginia as his command, one he could use to win the war. Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ Get our mug of Gen. Lee here: https://wbsapparel.shop/product/general-lee-coffee-mug/ Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Armes, Ethel, Stratford Hall: The Great House of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4wxAAfl Burt, Nathaniel, First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/4r0KLYG Cole, Ryan, Light-Horse Harry Lee: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Hero, https://amzn.to/4wiZOy3 Connelly, Thomas L., The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Idea, https://amzn.to/4ywRf4j Crocker, H. W., III, Robert E. Lee on Leadership: Executive Lessons in Management, https://amzn.to/4gvXpds Dabney, Virginius, Virginia: The New Dominion, https://amzn.to/46gVW69 Dowdey, Clifford, Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46lDf14 Fleming, Thomas, A Disease in the Public Mind: A New Understanding of Why We Fought the Civil War, https://amzn.to/4yzbiix Flood, Charles Bracelen, Lee: The Last Years, https://amzn.to/4gDcA4I Freeman, Douglas Southall, R. E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4gkaqrx Hendrick, Burton J., The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xshjNe Lee, Cazenove Gardner, Jr., Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4q7GiTI Longacre, Edward G., Fitz Lee: A Military Biography of Major General Fitzhugh Lee, https://amzn.to/4xkLNAu Nagel, Paul C., The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family, https://amzn.to/4wUxkfi Nichols, James L., General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4qeURoz Royster, Charles, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, https://amzn.to/3TKWspX Sanborn, Margaret, Robert E. Lee: A Portrait, https://amzn.to/3SA6EkN Thomas, Emory M., Robert E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46qVL8c

  2. hace 5 días

    How the Virginia Gentry Became a Ruling Class

    This is the in-depth story of how the Virginia gentry built itself into a true ruling class. Focusing in particular on "American Revolutionaries in the Making," this explores how the planter class of Old Virginia used a system of obligation, duty, and cultivated excellence to go from being Virginia gentlemen to Founding Fathers. Particularly, it explores the role of the tobacco plantation, parish vestry, county court, and House of Burgesses in this process, describing their progression as a cursus honorum that created a political aristocracy unlike any other. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/how-the-virginia-gentry-became-a Read the article on which this video is based here, for the full set of lessons:  https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/equality-and-the-only-political-question Read my article on what we can learn about building a new elite from them here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/how-to-build-a-durable-counter-elite Read my article on what they can teach us about developing personal excellence here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/embodying-aristocratic-excellence Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ CHAPTERS 0:00 Virginia's Excellent Aristocracy 4:48 Plantation Management as Training for Politics 14:51 The Parish Vestry Nursery of Government 24:43 Justice of the Peace: A Ladder to Achievement 32:14 Burgess Elections and Political Selection 38:50 Training for Greatness 46:42 Democracy and Aristocracy Combined Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Sydnor, Charles S., Gentlemen Freeholders: Political Practices in Washington's Virginia (published also as American Revolutionaries in the Making), https://link.amazon/B02HL4Fy1 Andrews, Matthew Page, Virginia: The Old Dominion, https://link.amazon/B0cJFsEsu Breen, T. H., Tobacco Culture: The Mentality of the Great Tidewater Planters on the Eve of Revolution, https://link.amazon/B05hVviv7 Bridenbaugh, Carl, Seat of Empire: The Political Role of Eighteenth-Century Williamsburg, https://link.amazon/B0gSTbbv4 Bruce, Philip Alexander, Institutional History of Virginia in the Seventeenth Century, https://link.amazon/B0ahxJuCL Ellis, Joseph J., His Excellency: George Washington, https://link.amazon/B0i9vFMQc Evans, Emory G., "A Topping People": The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, 1680–1790, https://link.amazon/B0edgPGMV Fischer, David Hackett, Albion's Seed: Four British Folkways in America, https://link.amazon/B01m4dJnu Flournoy, Mary, Twin Patriots, https://link.amazon/B0998i1j1 Middlekauff, Robert, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789, https://link.amazon/B0h1qfajq Morton, Louis, Robert Carter of Nomini Hall: A Virginia Tobacco Planter of the Eighteenth Century, https://link.amazon/B0eE8BLfY

  3. 13 sep

    The Habit of Command: How the Virginia Gentry Raised Its Sons

    This episode explains what Henry Adams called the "habit of command" in the Virginia gentry, showing how Virginia planter families developed a quiet assumption of leadership, public duty, and authority that helped define them from the colonial period through the 19th century.   In it, I show how this attitude developed out of plantation life: on large estates, young Virginians learned to manage people, make decisions, and handle practical affairs, all of which was also shaped by a sense of noblesse oblige, service, and a sense of obligation rather than mere arrogance. Critical to this was how the Virginia gentry raised its sons. Fathers were central figures in a patriarchal household, but children were not raised under constant repression. Boys especially were given freedom, outdoor activity, and room to develop independence, while still being expected to respect parental authority. That freedom was linked to self-reliance, self-control, and financial independence. Sons were encouraged to emulate their fathers, avoid debt and dissipation, and use education, family schools, tutors, and later college or professional training to prepare for leadership. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-habit-of-command-how-the-virginia  Read the article on which this video is based here, for the full set of lessons: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/building-the-habit-of-command-how Read my article on the Virginia cursus honorum here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/equality-and-the-only-political-question Read my article on what we can learn about building a new elite from them here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/how-to-build-a-durable-counter-elite Read my article on what they can teach us about developing personal excellence here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/embodying-aristocratic-excellence CHAPTERS 0:00 The Habit of Command: What it Was, and How It Was Built 7:37 More to the Habit of Command than the Plantation 10:05 Patriarchal Households and Free-Range Sons 15:22 Lessons in Self-Reliance 17:46 The Virginia Gentry's Love of Self-Government 24:29 Why the Gentry Abhorred Debt 28:14 How Education Helped Create Excellence 34:52 Strong But Limited Families and Government Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Smith, Daniel Blake, Inside the Great House: Planter Family Life in Eighteenth-Century Chesapeake Society, https://amzn.to/4yADh1h Adams, Henry, The Education of Henry Adams, https://amzn.to/4ingEZl Bridenbaugh, Carl, Seat Of Empire: The Political Role Of Eighteenth Century Williamsburg, https://amzn.to/4dCPvhF Bridenbaugh, Carl, Myths and Realities: Societies of the Colonial South, https://amzn.to/4yBA0Pb Dowdey, Clifford, The Great Plantation, https://amzn.to/3TxKFvn Holton, Woody, Forced Founders: Indians, Debtors, Slaves, and the Making of the American Revolution in Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xVyHLd Wertenbaker, Thomas Jefferson, Patrician and Plebeian in Virginia, https://amzn.to/4yAMvKH

  4. 9 sep

    Virginia Warrior: Robert E. Lee's Agonizing Road to War

    After his Mexican-American War triumph and success at Fort Carroll, Robert E Lee faced a decade of frustration that culminated in his being the man who stopped John Brown at Harper's Ferry, and soon faced the impossible choice between leading the armies of his nation or his native state when tensions spiralled to war in the wake of the Brown raid. In this episode, we discuss Robert E Lee's time as superintendent of the US Military Academy at West Point, his commandership of the Comanche-hunting cavalry in the sun-baked plains of Texas, his management of the debacle at Arlington following the death of George Washington Parke Custis, his defeat of John Brown, and his decision to side with Virginia. We focus in particular on the antics of his nephew Fitz Lee at West Point, the tediousness of life on the Texas frontier, the slander he faced from the Northern abolitionist press, the madness of Brown's raid, and Lee's last discussion with General Winfield Scott. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/virginia-warrior-robert-e-lees-agonizing  Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ Get our mug of Gen. Lee here: https://wbsapparel.shop/product/general-lee-coffee-mug/ 0:00 When Lee Defeated John Brown at Harper's Ferry 4:52 Lee the Burdened Superintendent of West Point 17:17 Dull Duty on the Texas Frontier 27:05 George Washington Parke Custis's Disastrous Will 33:49 Managing Arlington, Slandered by the Press 39:25 Lee Is Called to the Rescue to Stop John Brown's Raid On Harper's Ferry 43:48 Stopping John Brown: The Engine House Assault 51:45 Texas and Secession 54:02 Lee Chooses Virginia Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Armes, Ethel, Stratford Hall: The Great House of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4wxAAfl Burt, Nathaniel, First Families: The Making of an American Aristocracy, https://amzn.to/4r0KLYG Cole, Ryan, Light-Horse Harry Lee: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Hero, https://amzn.to/4wiZOy3 Connelly, Thomas L., The Marble Man: Robert E. Lee and His Image in American Idea, https://amzn.to/4ywRf4j Crocker, H. W., III, Robert E. Lee on Leadership: Executive Lessons in Management, https://amzn.to/4gvXpds Dabney, Virginius, Virginia: The New Dominion, https://amzn.to/46gVW69 Dowdey, Clifford, Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46lDf14 Fleming, Thomas, A Disease in the Public Mind: A New Understanding of Why We Fought the Civil War, https://amzn.to/4yzbiix Flood, Charles Bracelen, Lee: The Last Years, https://amzn.to/4gDcA4I Freeman, Douglas Southall, R. E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4gkaqrx Hendrick, Burton J., The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xshjNe Lee, Cazenove Gardner, Jr., Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4q7GiTI Longacre, Edward G., Fitz Lee: A Military Biography of Major General Fitzhugh Lee, https://amzn.to/4xkLNAu Nagel, Paul C., The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family, https://amzn.to/4wUxkfi Nichols, James L., General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4qeURoz Royster, Charles, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, https://amzn.to/3TKWspX Sanborn, Margaret, Robert E. Lee: A Portrait, https://amzn.to/3SA6EkN Thomas, Emory M., Robert E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46qVL8c

  5. 6 sep

    "The Best Soldier": Robert E. Lee's Mexican War Heroics

    After watching him perform so valiantly as an officer in the Mexican-American War, General Winfield Scott would publicly declare Robert E. Lee to be "the very best soldier that I ever saw in the field." This is the story of what Lee accomplished as a middle-aged scout and engineer in the Mexican campaign. From his role in securing victory during Winfield Scott's Veracruz campaign by perfectly siting and building batteries to helping scout and lead assaults at Cerro Gordo, Contreras, Churubusco, and Chapultepec, Lee's Mexican War record is one of heroics, immense skill, and indefatigable energy. We discuss all his heroics, and how what he learned during the Mexican-American War shaped his Civil War generalship, from his audacious assaults with split-up forces to his reliance on talented scouts and improvised field works. We also cover Lee's heroic feats in depth, from when he hid under a log as Mexican soldiers sat nearby in the Cerro Gordo, to when he crossed the deadly Pedregal thrice in a night to save 3500 Americans, a feat Gen. Scott called "the greatest feat of physical and moral courage performed by any individual, to my knowledge, pending the campaign." Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/the-best-soldier-robert-e-lees-mexican  Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ Get our mug of Gen. Lee here: https://wbsapparel.shop/product/general-lee-coffee-mug/ 0:00 Lee's Mexican War Baptism in Leadership 3:41 Lee Gets The Call to War 8:01 The Texas Coast Landing 11:18 The Sheep Scout 18:03 Scott's Veracruz Gamble 30:25 Into the Mountain Pass: Cerro Gordo Heroics 39:08 The Pedregal Crossings 48:13 Chapultepec Assault 55:29 Occupied Mexico City 58:49 Home to Arlington 1:01:27 What Robert E Lee Learned in Mexico Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Armes, Ethel, Stratford Hall: The Great House of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4wxAAfl Cole, Ryan, Light-Horse Harry Lee: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Hero, https://amzn.to/4wiZOy3 Crocker, H. W., III, Robert E. Lee on Leadership: Executive Lessons in Management, https://amzn.to/4gvXpds Dowdey, Clifford, Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46lDf14 Flood, Charles Bracelen, Lee: The Last Years, https://amzn.to/4gDcA4I Freeman, Douglas Southall, R. E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4gkaqrx Hendrick, Burton J., The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xshjNe Lee, Cazenove Gardner, Jr., Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4q7GiTI Nagel, Paul C., The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family, https://amzn.to/4wUxkfi Nichols, James L., General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4qeURoz Royster, Charles, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, https://amzn.to/3TKWspX Sanborn, Margaret, Robert E. Lee: A Portrait, https://amzn.to/3SA6EkN Thomas, Emory M., Robert E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46qVL8c  Marie-Lan Taÿ Pamart, CC BY 4.0 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0, via Wikimedia Commons

  6. 30 ago

    Creating Christian Nobility with Evan Amato

    In this episode, Will and Evan Amato discuss the idea of Christian nobility and what it means to be truly noble within the European and Christian tradition. The conversation begins with Pope Pius XII's speeches to the Roman aristocracy, especially his question of what nobility means at a time when noble titles were losing their public force.   From there, the discussion turns to the duties attached to privilege. Evan Amato emphasizes Pius XII's call for irreproachable moral conduct, especially in family life, along with austerity, loyalty, compassion, prudence, and the ability to influence others without humiliation or force. He presents this as a distinctly noble form of conduct rather than a combative or self-assertive one.   A major theme throughout their discussion is the relationship between hierarchy, wealth, and responsibility. The conversation contrasts an older aristocratic ideal of leisure and leadership with modern egalitarian attitudes that encourage elites to hide their status. Evan argues that wealth and position should be treated as obligations, using the parable of the talents to show that gifts are meant to be stewarded and put to use. Additionally, they explore the idea of nobility as "yeast" in society: something distinct that raises and improves the whole. Evan explains that people with resources should use them to support culture, community, and public life, rather than simply withdrawing or pretending to be ordinary.   Finally, they focus on examples and practical application of the idea of Christian nobility. Evan discusses ancient European families and individuals he sees as living this way, and then turns to the task of passing these habits on to children through education, example, dress, and ordinary conduct.   Read Will's thoughts on embodying aristocratic excellence here: ⁠https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/embodying-aristocratic-excellence ⁠   Find Evan on X here: ⁠https://x.com/SirEvanAmato⁠   Check out his Substack here: ⁠https://www.thehabsburgway.com/ ⁠   Get his course on style here: ⁠https://sixweekstostyle.com/⁠

  7. 26 ago

    Young Robert E Lee

    This is the story of how Robert E Lee was forged into the Marble Man of legend while still a young man, showing how his early life in Alexandria after his mother and father lost Stratford trained him in excellence and taught him to use his good qualities to great effect. From there, he then got an appointment to West Point through exercising personal connections, and became the sterling model of the perfect cadet while remaining beloved by his fellows. Ultimately, his graduation triumph was marred by the death of his mother, the woman whose diligence and patient cultivation of virtue had turned him into the man he became. This is the story of Robert E Lee's early life, and the foundations of his character. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/young-robert-e-lee-the-early-life  Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ Robert Edward Lee was born on January 19, 1807, in the decaying Stratford Hall, as his father, Light Horse Harry Lee, faced financial collapse. His mother, Anne Hill Carter Lee, was ill and deeply distressed by the pregnancy, but the newborn Robert became her steady companion and source of comfort. After only a few years at Stratford, the family moved to Alexandria in the wake of Harry Lee's arrest and release from debtor's prison. There, Robert grew up in the shadow of George Washington's memory and under the care of his mother while his father ultimately abandoned the family. As his mother's health worsened, Robert took on household responsibilities and cared for her. He also developed into a strong, active boy and received a rigorous education through local academies and family connections. At Alexandria Academy, he studied advanced mathematics and classical languages, and his teachers noted his diligence and morality. With no inheritance and little money for further schooling, he decided on West Point as the path that could provide both education and a career. Lee won his appointment to the United States Military Academy after visiting the War Department in person and gathering recommendations from family allies. At West Point, he endured the harsh discipline of the academy without receiving a single demerit, graduating second in his class, first in several military subjects, and with a positive cash balance. The episode ends with his return to Virginia after graduation, when he found his mother dying at Ravensworth. He spent her final weeks as her nurse, and her death in July 1829 marked the close of the formative chapter that, the episode argues, made Robert E. Lee the man he became. CHAPTERS: 0:00 The Marble Man's Origins 4:02 Stratford Hall's Fall 10:39 Robert E Lee's Alexandria Childhood 24:17 Training Young Robert E Lee 33:13 Lee's Admission to West Point 36:31 The Marble Man, the Perfect Cadet 43:17 Lee Graduates West Point, and Loses His Mother 47:33 Lee's Character Forged Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Armes, Ethel, Stratford Hall: The Great House of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4wxAAfl Cole, Ryan, Light-Horse Harry Lee: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Hero, https://amzn.to/4wiZOy3 Crocker, H. W., III, Robert E. Lee on Leadership: Executive Lessons in Management, https://amzn.to/4gvXpds Dowdey, Clifford, Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46lDf14 Flood, Charles Bracelen, Lee: The Last Years, https://amzn.to/4gDcA4I Freeman, Douglas Southall, R. E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4gkaqrx Hendrick, Burton J., The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xshjNe Lee, Cazenove Gardner, Jr., Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4q7GiTI Nagel, Paul C., The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family, https://amzn.to/4wUxkfi Nichols, James L., General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4qeURoz Royster, Charles, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, https://amzn.to/3TKWspX Sanborn, Margaret, Robert E. Lee: A Portrait, https://amzn.to/3SA6EkN Thomas, Emory M., Robert E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/46qVL8c  Boston Public Library, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

  8. 22 ago

    How Robert E. Lee's Mother Forged the Marble Man | Anne Hill Carter Lee

    This episode is about Anne Hill Carter Lee, the mother of Robert E. Lee, and how her life shaped his character. While only a few letters of hers and one portrait of her survive, her son repeatedly said he owed everything to her. Robert E. Lee's life of duty, self-command, thrift, piety, and quiet resignation all came from Anne rather than from Light Horse Harry, and so we can thank her for forging the Marble Man, as explained in this show. Listen ad-free here: https://www.theamericantribune.news/p/how-robert-e-lees-mother-forged-the  Check out our sponsor, the Classical Society, here, and tell them that Will sent you: https://theclassicalsociety.com/ Anne was born into privilege at Shirley Plantation as a daughter of Charles Carter, one of the richest men in Virginia. She received a refined education in literature, French, music, and Anglican devotion, and was her father's favorite. Her life changed for the worse when she married Henry "Light Horse Harry" Lee in 1793, after watching him court her cousin Maria Farley first. Harry's financial troubles, debts, and unfaithfulness quickly ruined the marriage Anne had hoped would be happy. After the marriage, Anne lived through years of neglect, isolation, and worsening poverty at Stratford Hall. Harry's speculation and debts pushed the family toward ruin, while Anne remained with him and kept her unhappiness private. Her father later protected her inheritance through a trust, so Harry could not take it. Even so, the household became increasingly desperate, with creditors, arrest warrants, and locked doors turning Stratford into a chilly hell. Anne's health declined, but she focused on raising her children, especially Robert. In Alexandria, after the family left Stratford, she created a frugal household and taught Robert to manage money carefully, avoid debt, control his emotions, and submit to duty. He became her nurse and companion as her illness worsened, and she supported his path to West Point before dying at Ravensworth in 1829. Robert and his incredible character were the living result of her sacrifice, as he reflected on for his whole life. CHAPTERS: 0:00 Robert's Life, Anne's Legacy 2:16 The Heiress of Shirley Plantation 6:03 Anne's Marriage to Harry Lee 17:02 The Winter of Ruin, Birth of Robert 22:16 A New Start in Alexandria 25:25 Robert and Anne's Deep Relationship 30:10 Robert's Character and Sense of Duty 37:43 Anne's Last Legacy Sources Referenced in this Episode: I am an Amazon Affiliate. If you would like to support the show at no added cost to yourself, you can do so by using the links below to order and read the sources I used to create this episode. Thanks! Armes, Ethel, Stratford Hall: The Great House of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4wxAAfl Cole, Ryan, Light-Horse Harry Lee: The Rise and Fall of a Revolutionary Hero, https://amzn.to/4wiZOy3 Evans, Emory G., A Topping People: The Rise and Decline of Virginia's Old Political Elite, https://amzn.to/4z2x6nL Freeman, Douglas Southall, R. E. Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4gkaqrx Hendrick, Burton J., The Lees of Virginia, https://amzn.to/4xshjNe Lee, Cazenove Gardner, Jr., Lee Chronicle: Studies of the Early Generations of the Lees, https://amzn.to/4q7GiTI McGaughy, Kent J., Richard Henry Lee of Virginia: A Portrait of an American, https://amzn.to/4xn1qaS Middlekauff, Robert, The Glorious Cause: The American Revolution, 1763–1789, https://amzn.to/4cbhg05 Nagel, Paul C., The Lees of Virginia: Seven Generations of an American Family, https://amzn.to/4wUxkfi Nichols, James L., General Fitzhugh Lee: A Biography, https://amzn.to/4qeURoz Royster, Charles, Light-Horse Harry Lee and the Legacy of the American Revolution, https://amzn.to/3TKWspX   Boston Public Library, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons

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