The extreme heat wave that swept across Europe in late June triggered a public health crisis while sharply increasing the risk of wildfires.6 月下旬席卷欧洲的极端热浪引发了一场公共卫生危机，同时大幅加剧了野火发生风险。 Extremely high temperatures contributed to a surge in excess deaths across several countries, particularly among the elderly, while prolonged drought left soil and vegetation tinder-dry, bringing an earlier and destructive wildfire season.极端高温导致多个国家超额死亡人数激增，老年人受影响尤为严重；持续干旱使土壤与植被变得极度干燥，野火季提前到来且破坏力大幅上升。 According to preliminary data, France recorded at least 2,025 excess deaths during the week of June 22-28.初步数据显示，法国在 6 月 22 日至 28 日这一周内记录至少 2025 例超额死亡。 People aged 65 and older accounted for 85 percent of confirmed heat-related deaths.已确认的高温致死病例中，65 岁及以上人群占比 85%。 In Belgium, 1,222 excess deaths were recorded between June 18 and 29, representing a 39 percent increase in excess mortality.比利时 6 月 18 日至 29 日记录 1222 例超额死亡，超额死亡率同比上升 39%。 Meanwhile, Spain's daily mortality monitoring system attributed 1,029 excess deaths in June to unusually high temperatures, and the Netherlands reported around 480 excess deaths, most of them among older people.与此同时，西班牙每日死亡监测系统认定，该国 6 月有 1029 例超额死亡由异常高温引发；荷兰上报约 480 例超额死亡，死者大多为老年人。 The health impacts were driven not only by extreme daytime temperatures but also by persistently hot nights.高温对健康的危害不仅源于白天极端高温，持续闷热的夜间气温同样带来严重影响。 France described the episode as the most intense heatwave ever recorded in mainland France and Corsica, with the national 24-hour average temperature exceeding 30 degrees Celsius for the first time.法国称此次热浪是法国本土及科西嘉岛有记录以来强度最高的一次，全国 24 小时平均气温首次突破 30 摄氏度。 Nighttime temperatures remained unusually high, preventing the body from recovering from heat accumulated during the day.夜间气温居高不下，人体无法缓解白天积蓄的高温热量，难以恢复状态。 Analysts said several structural factors have amplified the deadly impact of extreme heat across Europe, including an aging population, social isolation, poorly insulated housing, limited access to air conditioning and the urban heat island effect.分析人士表示，多项结构性因素加剧了极端高温在欧洲造成的致命危害：人口老龄化、独居人群增多、房屋隔热性能差、空调普及率低以及城市热岛效应。 In Northern Europe, many buildings were designed to retain heat rather than dissipate it.北欧多数建筑在建造时以保温为设计目标，散热能力较差。 Persistent heat and scarce rainfall also dried out vegetation and soil, making landscapes highly combustible and bringing an unusually early start to the wildfire season in several countries.持续高温、降雨稀少致使植被和土壤彻底干涸，地表可燃物极易引燃，多个国家的野火季异常提前。 France has recorded approximately 7,000 fires since the start of summer, burning nearly 8,700 hectares, with the worst blazes concentrated in the south.入夏以来法国已记录约 7000 起火情，过火面积近 8700 公顷，灾情最严重的区域集中在南部。 Authorities said the fire season began about two to three weeks earlier than in previous years.当地政府表示，今年野火季比往年提前了两至三周。 In Germany, wildfires also exposed specific challenges related to geography and history.德国的野火也暴露出该国受地理与历史因素制约的特殊救灾难题。 In Rotenfels, near Traisen in Western Germany, about 650 people were evacuated as flames spread through a difficult-to-access forest.德国西部特赖森附近的罗滕费尔斯地区，火势蔓延至一片交通闭塞的林区，约 650 名居民紧急疏散。 The presence of unexploded World War II-era munitions prevented firefighters from intervening directly, forcing them to rely on roadblocks, sprinkler systems, firebreaks, and firefighting robots.林区留存大量二战未爆炸弹药，消防员无法直接进场灭火，只能依靠道路封锁、喷淋系统、防火隔离带及消防机器人开展作业。 On Croatia's Adriatic coast, high temperatures, dry vegetation and strong winds fueled the flames.克罗地亚亚得里亚海岸，高温、干燥植被与强风共同助长火势蔓延。 During the first half of the year, approximately 2,800 wildfires destroyed more than 6,300 hectares, a sharp increase from the same period last year.该国上半年共发生约 2800 起野火，烧毁土地超 6300 公顷，较去年同期大幅上涨。 Greece, where summer wildfires are common, has been battling dozens of forest and wildland fires almost daily.希腊常年夏季频发野火，今年几乎每日都要应对数十起山林火情。 In Italy, persistent heat and drought have placed certain southern regions, as well as Sicily and Sardinia, at "extreme" or "very extreme" fire risk.持续高温干旱让意大利南部部分地区、西西里岛与撒丁岛处于 “极高” 或 “极端” 火灾风险等级。 In central Portugal, a wildfire in Vouzela injured seven people, forced the evacuation of two villages, and burned more than 7,000 hectares.葡萄牙中部沃泽拉地区爆发野火，造成 7 人受伤，两个村庄居民被迫撤离，过火面积超 7000 公顷。 With both the number of fires and the area burned more than doubling from the same period in 2025, Portugal has raised its rural firefighting response system to its highest operational level.葡萄牙今年火情数量、过火面积均较 2025 年同期翻番，该国已将乡村消防应急体系提升至最高响应等级。 Governments across Europe have responded by tightening prevention rules and strengthening emergency preparedness.欧洲各国政府纷纷出台应对举措，收紧防火管控条例、强化应急筹备工作。 France has expanded the use of drones and artificial intelligence (AI) and reinforced firefighter training.法国扩大无人机与人工智能在防火救灾中的应用，并加强消防员专业培训。 Greece has intensified early-warning systems, restricted access to forests, mandated vegetation clearance and expanded drone- and AI-assisted satellite monitoring.希腊升级高温火情预警系统、限制民众进入林区、强制清理易燃植被，并拓展无人机与人工智能卫星监测覆盖范围。 Portugal has banned the use of machinery in forests, brush clearing with metal blades and fireworks during high-risk periods.葡萄牙规定高火险时段禁止在林区使用机械设备、金属刀具清理灌木以及燃放烟花。 Italy has activated its national heatwave plan, issued regular heat alerts, and stepped up monitoring of heat-related deaths and emergency hospital admissions.意大利启动全国高温应急方案，常态化发布高温预警，并加强高温致死病例与高温急诊入院人数监测。 The latest heatwave showed how Europe is entering an era in which extreme summer weather is arriving earlier, lasting longer and becoming increasingly difficult to manage.此次热浪充分表明，欧洲已进入夏季极端天气频发的新阶段：极端高温来得更早、持续时间更长，管控难度持续加大。 As heat, drought and wildfires reinforce one another, they are placing mounting pressure on healthcare systems, critical infrastructure and emergency services, posing a growing challenge for governments across Europe.高温、干旱与野火形成恶性循环，给医疗体系、关键基础设施和应急救援部门带来持续加重的压力，成为欧洲各国政府日益严峻的治理难题。 heatwave /ˈhiːtweɪv/n. 热浪wildfire /ˈwaɪldfaɪə(r)/n. 野火，山林大火drought /draʊt/n. 干旱，旱灾mortality /mɔːˈtæləti/n. 死亡人数；死亡率
